实时监测系统数据传输的研究
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摘要
中间件将分布式信息系统由原来的两层Client／Server结构模型扩展到了三层(n层)结构模型，提高了系统的可伸缩性和管理性；以中间件作为中间层来构架分布式应用，可有效降低开发和集成分布式应用的难度，提高软件质量和开发效率，并降低开发和维护成本。近年来，由于实时应用的越来越多，迫切需要实时中间件平台的支持。本文试图通过对实时消息中间件模型的研究，构造一个基于TCP／IP协议的实时消息中间件，以实时消息中间件作为支撑平台来解决实时监测系统的数据传输问题，为实时监测系统或具有实时监测系统特征的分布式应用提供实时、可靠、安全、高效的数据传输服务。
本文首先分析了实时监测系统的数据特性和网络通信协议特点，并选择TCP作为实时消息中间件的网络层协议；其次，本文对各种负载调度算法的进行了分类和分析，指出了各种调度算法的优点和缺陷；再次，本文从分布式计算模型、体系结构、并发模型、调度模型和安全模型五个方面对实时消息中间件的模型进行了系统的分析和研究，并建立了一个实时消息中间件的模型；接下来，本文用JAVA设计和实现了实时消息中间件软件RMQ(Real time Message Queue)；最后，本文总结了论文的研究成果，并指出了进一步的研究工作。
The distributed information systems are expanded from 2-tier client/server architecture to 3-tier (n-tier) architecture by the middleware technology. The flexibility and manageability of the systems can also be improved by this technology. When the middleware is used as the middle-tier to architect the distributed systems, the difficulty of designing and integrating them is reduced, the quality of software and the development efficiency is improved and the cost of software development and maintenance decreases. Recently, because of the real-time applications developing, the supporting of the real time middleware has urgently been needed. This thesis tries to study the model of the real-time message oriented middleware (MOM), through constructing a real-time MOM based on the TCP/IP protocols, which is used as the supporting platform to solve the problems of data transfer in the real time supervision information system (RSIS), providing the real timeness, reliability, security and high efficiency data-transfer
-service for RSIS or other familiar distributed systems.
At first, the characteristics of the loads, the communication protocols and RSIS are analyzed in the thesis. Based on this analysis, the TCP is chosen the protocol of the transportation layer to architect the middleware. Secondly, the load-scheduling algorithm is analyzed and grouped, and the advantages and disadvantages of them are also pointed out. Thirdly, the model of the real time MOM is presented with respect to distributed computing model, architecture, concurrency model, scheduling model and the security model. Fourthly, the software RMQ (Real time Message Queue) is designed and implemented in JAVA. And finally, the thesis ends with the conclusion and the further works.
本文首先分析了实时监测系统的数据特性和网络通信协议特点，并选择TCP作为实时消息中间件的网络层协议；其次，本文对各种负载调度算法的进行了分类和分析，指出了各种调度算法的优点和缺陷；再次，本文从分布式计算模型、体系结构、并发模型、调度模型和安全模型五个方面对实时消息中间件的模型进行了系统的分析和研究，并建立了一个实时消息中间件的模型；接下来，本文用JAVA设计和实现了实时消息中间件软件RMQ(Real time Message Queue)；最后，本文总结了论文的研究成果，并指出了进一步的研究工作。
The distributed information systems are expanded from 2-tier client/server architecture to 3-tier (n-tier) architecture by the middleware technology. The flexibility and manageability of the systems can also be improved by this technology. When the middleware is used as the middle-tier to architect the distributed systems, the difficulty of designing and integrating them is reduced, the quality of software and the development efficiency is improved and the cost of software development and maintenance decreases. Recently, because of the real-time applications developing, the supporting of the real time middleware has urgently been needed. This thesis tries to study the model of the real-time message oriented middleware (MOM), through constructing a real-time MOM based on the TCP/IP protocols, which is used as the supporting platform to solve the problems of data transfer in the real time supervision information system (RSIS), providing the real timeness, reliability, security and high efficiency data-transfer
-service for RSIS or other familiar distributed systems.
At first, the characteristics of the loads, the communication protocols and RSIS are analyzed in the thesis. Based on this analysis, the TCP is chosen the protocol of the transportation layer to architect the middleware. Secondly, the load-scheduling algorithm is analyzed and grouped, and the advantages and disadvantages of them are also pointed out. Thirdly, the model of the real time MOM is presented with respect to distributed computing model, architecture, concurrency model, scheduling model and the security model. Fourthly, the software RMQ (Real time Message Queue) is designed and implemented in JAVA. And finally, the thesis ends with the conclusion and the further works.
引文
[1] 唐雪飞，0SEWARE：一个支持面向计算互操作性的中间件[J]，计算机应用，1998，18(9)：1-4．
[2] 张云勇，胡健，刘锦德，高可用证券实时监管中间件平台[J]，应用科学学报，2002，24(4)：382-386．
[3] 陈和平，严宇峰，基于DTP模型的消息中间件的设计与实现[J]，应用技术，2003，12(2)：40-42
[4] 孙惠琴，熊璋等 交易中间件的设计与实现[J]，计算机工程与应用，2003，15(2)，139-141
[5] 王志颖，袁宏春，开放式中间件技术及其在军用信息系统中的应用[J]，计算机工程与应用，2002，15(09)：72-115．
[6] 杨立平，王小蕾等，数据库中间件技术及在三层客户机／服务器模型中的实现[J]，小型微型计算机系统，2001，22(4)：482-484．
[7] 蒋伟雄，马范援，中间件与分布式计算[J]，计算机应用，2002，22(4)：6-8
[8] 甘荃，娄丽军，IBM WebSpere MQ基础教程[M]，电子工业出版社，北京 2004，11-37
[9] 周园春 李淼等，中间件综述[J]，计算机工程与应用 2002，15(03)：80-82
[10] http://middleware. internet2. edu/
[11] http://www. huihoo. com/middleware/319. html
[12] 余可爱，陈平等，网络通信中间件的设计和实现[J]，计算机工程，2001，127(5)：116-118
[13] 胡雅庆，面向消息的中间件的设计和实现[J]，计算机与现代化，2001，73(3)：41-45
[14] Object Management Group. Realtime CORBA1. 0. OMG;1999
[15] DC Schmidt,D L Levine, S Mungee. The design of the TAO real time Object request broker[J]. Computer Communnications, 1998, 21(4):294-324.
[16] G Cooper, etal. Real time CORBA development at MITRE,NraD,tripacific and
URI[A],in Proceedings of the Workshop on Middleware for Real time Systems and. Services[C]. San Francisco,CA, 1997. 69-74.
[17] 骆志刚 刘锦德，面向实时应用的中间件的实现研究[J]，小型微型计算机系统，2002，21(3)488-492．
[18] 谢希仁，计算机网络[M]，电子工业出版社，北京，2001，229-250
[19] Comer, D.,Internetworking with TCP/IP, Vol. Ⅰ, 3rd., Prentice-Hall, 1995
[20] http://www. yale. edu/pclt/COMM/TCPIP. HTM
[21] http://www. protocols. com/pbook/tcpip 1. htm
[22] PAREKH A. generalized processor sharing approach to flow control in integrated services networks[D]. PhD dissertation,MIT,1992.
[23] G. de Veciana and G. Kesidis. Bandwidth allocation for multiple qualities of service using generalized processor sharing. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 42(1):268-272, January 1995.
[24] Demers A, Keshav S, Shenker S. Analysis and simulation of a fair queueing algorithm. In:Proc ACM SIGCOM M'89,Austin,Texas, 1989. 1-12
[25] Bennett J, Zhang Hui, Hierarchical packet fair queueing algorithms. In:Proc ACM SIGCOM M'96,Stanford,CA, 1996. 143-156.
[26] L. LiuandJ. W. Layland. Schedulingalgorithms formultipro-gramminginahardreal timeenvironment[J]. JournaloftheACM,January197320(1):44～61
[27] Liu, C. L., and J. W. Layland, "Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard Real Time Environment," Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, v. 20, n. 1,January 1973, pp. 44-61.
[28] S. S. Panwar, D. Towsley, and J. K. Wolf. "Optimal scheduling policies for a class of queues with customer deadlines to the beginning of the services". Journal of the ACM, 35(4):832-844, October 1988.
[30] D. Clark, S. Shenker, and L. Zhang. Supporting real time applications in an integrated services packet network: Architecture and mechanism. InProceedings of ACM SIGCOMM'92, pages 14-26, Baltimore, Maryland,August 1992.
[30] S. Panwar, D. Towsley and J. Wolf, "Optimal Scheduling Policies for a Class of Queues with Customer Deadlines to the Beginning of Service," J. of the ACM, Vol. 35, No. 4(Oct. 1988), pp. 832-844.
[31] A. A. Lazar and G. Pacifici. "Real time scheduling with quality of service constraints". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 11(4): 605-616, May 1993.
[32] Chad Darby，John Griffin，Pascal de Haan等著，JAVA网络编程指南[M]，电子工业出版社，北京，2002，29-40
[33] 周世杰，秦志光，刘锦德，对等计算技术分析[J]，计算机应用，2003，23(10)4-7
[34] 刘心松，实时分布式系统计算机系统的性能研究[J]，计算机应用，1994，2 1-4
[35] 李增智 李刚等，关于实时CORBA中ORB核心实现策略的研究[J]，西安交通大学学报，2001，35(2)210-212
[36] 李影，周兴社等，实时CORBA线程池管理技术研究[J]，计算机工程，2000，26(10)16-17
[37] 都志辉，陈渝，刘鹏，网格计算[M] 清华大学出版社 北京 2002，51
[38] 黄金贵，陈松乔等，网络并行计算系统中基于多处理机任务的资源调度模型[J]，计算机工程与应用，2003，29，54-58
[39] 张拥军，陈福接，支持多媒体应用的CPU调度模型[J]，国防科技大学学报，1998，20(3)48-52
[40] 谭浩，骆志刚等 实时CORBA端到端调度的研究[J]，小型微型计算机系统，2003，24(7)1165-1168
[41] 谭浩，骆志刚等 一个实时CORBA动态调度服务模型[J]，小型微型计算机系统，2003，24(9)1579-1583
[42] 沈卓炜，谢俊清等，端到端实时CORBA系统调度模型及其可调度性研究[J]，计算机学报，2003，16(4)387-405
[43] Bettati R., End-End scheduling to meet deadlines in distributed systems[Ph D
dissertation]. University of Illinois at Urbana-champaign,Urbana, IL, USA, 1994.
[44] Sun Jun. Fixed-Priority end-to-end schedtiling in distributed real time systems[PhDdissertation], University of Illinoisat, Urbana-ehampaign, Urbana, IL, USA, 1997.
[45] 黄益民，平玲娣，潘雪增，信息安全模型的研究及安全系统方案设计[J]，浙江大学学报(工学版)，2001，35(6)．
[2] 张云勇，胡健，刘锦德，高可用证券实时监管中间件平台[J]，应用科学学报，2002，24(4)：382-386．
[3] 陈和平，严宇峰，基于DTP模型的消息中间件的设计与实现[J]，应用技术，2003，12(2)：40-42
[4] 孙惠琴，熊璋等 交易中间件的设计与实现[J]，计算机工程与应用，2003，15(2)，139-141
[5] 王志颖，袁宏春，开放式中间件技术及其在军用信息系统中的应用[J]，计算机工程与应用，2002，15(09)：72-115．
[6] 杨立平，王小蕾等，数据库中间件技术及在三层客户机／服务器模型中的实现[J]，小型微型计算机系统，2001，22(4)：482-484．
[7] 蒋伟雄，马范援，中间件与分布式计算[J]，计算机应用，2002，22(4)：6-8
[8] 甘荃，娄丽军，IBM WebSpere MQ基础教程[M]，电子工业出版社，北京 2004，11-37
[9] 周园春 李淼等，中间件综述[J]，计算机工程与应用 2002，15(03)：80-82
[10] http://middleware. internet2. edu/
[11] http://www. huihoo. com/middleware/319. html
[12] 余可爱，陈平等，网络通信中间件的设计和实现[J]，计算机工程，2001，127(5)：116-118
[13] 胡雅庆，面向消息的中间件的设计和实现[J]，计算机与现代化，2001，73(3)：41-45
[14] Object Management Group. Realtime CORBA1. 0. OMG;1999
[15] DC Schmidt,D L Levine, S Mungee. The design of the TAO real time Object request broker[J]. Computer Communnications, 1998, 21(4):294-324.
[16] G Cooper, etal. Real time CORBA development at MITRE,NraD,tripacific and
URI[A],in Proceedings of the Workshop on Middleware for Real time Systems and. Services[C]. San Francisco,CA, 1997. 69-74.
[17] 骆志刚 刘锦德，面向实时应用的中间件的实现研究[J]，小型微型计算机系统，2002，21(3)488-492．
[18] 谢希仁，计算机网络[M]，电子工业出版社，北京，2001，229-250
[19] Comer, D.,Internetworking with TCP/IP, Vol. Ⅰ, 3rd., Prentice-Hall, 1995
[20] http://www. yale. edu/pclt/COMM/TCPIP. HTM
[21] http://www. protocols. com/pbook/tcpip 1. htm
[22] PAREKH A. generalized processor sharing approach to flow control in integrated services networks[D]. PhD dissertation,MIT,1992.
[23] G. de Veciana and G. Kesidis. Bandwidth allocation for multiple qualities of service using generalized processor sharing. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 42(1):268-272, January 1995.
[24] Demers A, Keshav S, Shenker S. Analysis and simulation of a fair queueing algorithm. In:Proc ACM SIGCOM M'89,Austin,Texas, 1989. 1-12
[25] Bennett J, Zhang Hui, Hierarchical packet fair queueing algorithms. In:Proc ACM SIGCOM M'96,Stanford,CA, 1996. 143-156.
[26] L. LiuandJ. W. Layland. Schedulingalgorithms formultipro-gramminginahardreal timeenvironment[J]. JournaloftheACM,January197320(1):44～61
[27] Liu, C. L., and J. W. Layland, "Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard Real Time Environment," Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, v. 20, n. 1,January 1973, pp. 44-61.
[28] S. S. Panwar, D. Towsley, and J. K. Wolf. "Optimal scheduling policies for a class of queues with customer deadlines to the beginning of the services". Journal of the ACM, 35(4):832-844, October 1988.
[30] D. Clark, S. Shenker, and L. Zhang. Supporting real time applications in an integrated services packet network: Architecture and mechanism. InProceedings of ACM SIGCOMM'92, pages 14-26, Baltimore, Maryland,August 1992.
[30] S. Panwar, D. Towsley and J. Wolf, "Optimal Scheduling Policies for a Class of Queues with Customer Deadlines to the Beginning of Service," J. of the ACM, Vol. 35, No. 4(Oct. 1988), pp. 832-844.
[31] A. A. Lazar and G. Pacifici. "Real time scheduling with quality of service constraints". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 11(4): 605-616, May 1993.
[32] Chad Darby，John Griffin，Pascal de Haan等著，JAVA网络编程指南[M]，电子工业出版社，北京，2002，29-40
[33] 周世杰，秦志光，刘锦德，对等计算技术分析[J]，计算机应用，2003，23(10)4-7
[34] 刘心松，实时分布式系统计算机系统的性能研究[J]，计算机应用，1994，2 1-4
[35] 李增智 李刚等，关于实时CORBA中ORB核心实现策略的研究[J]，西安交通大学学报，2001，35(2)210-212
[36] 李影，周兴社等，实时CORBA线程池管理技术研究[J]，计算机工程，2000，26(10)16-17
[37] 都志辉，陈渝，刘鹏，网格计算[M] 清华大学出版社 北京 2002，51
[38] 黄金贵，陈松乔等，网络并行计算系统中基于多处理机任务的资源调度模型[J]，计算机工程与应用，2003，29，54-58
[39] 张拥军，陈福接，支持多媒体应用的CPU调度模型[J]，国防科技大学学报，1998，20(3)48-52
[40] 谭浩，骆志刚等 实时CORBA端到端调度的研究[J]，小型微型计算机系统，2003，24(7)1165-1168
[41] 谭浩，骆志刚等 一个实时CORBA动态调度服务模型[J]，小型微型计算机系统，2003，24(9)1579-1583
[42] 沈卓炜，谢俊清等，端到端实时CORBA系统调度模型及其可调度性研究[J]，计算机学报，2003，16(4)387-405
[43] Bettati R., End-End scheduling to meet deadlines in distributed systems[Ph D
dissertation]. University of Illinois at Urbana-champaign,Urbana, IL, USA, 1994.
[44] Sun Jun. Fixed-Priority end-to-end schedtiling in distributed real time systems[PhDdissertation], University of Illinoisat, Urbana-ehampaign, Urbana, IL, USA, 1997.
[45] 黄益民，平玲娣，潘雪增，信息安全模型的研究及安全系统方案设计[J]，浙江大学学报(工学版)，2001，35(6)．