网格环境下异构动态分布式实时系统的面向方面中间件
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摘要
随着信息技术的发展,当前计算环境正发生着深刻的变革。从分布式移动计算进入到无处不在的网格计算是计算发展的必然趋势。网格环境下,实时系统的应用范围变得越来越广泛。国防、航天、航空、计算机集成制造、电信、工业控制、火车、地铁、卫星轨道控制、机器人控制、股票交易等都是实时系统的应用领域,随着实时系统的应用领域和平台的不断扩大,高性能计算和资源受限的异构动态分布式实时系统对可剪裁性和可配置性的要求日益提高。
网格环境固有的内在复杂性对当前的基础软件设施提出了全新的挑战,迫切需要一种具备自适应能力的中间件基础设施。网格环境下的分布式实时中间件要求中间件能够根据系统内部上下文和外部上下文动态地进行结构和行为的适应性剪裁和重新配置,为上层的实时应用提供实时的、可靠的服务。传统的软件开发方法难以解决网格环境的复杂性问题,需要一种新的编程范型以适应不断添加、扩展、修改或退出服务,以及服务和资源的状态不断变化的网格环境。用新编程范型构建的异构动态分布式实时系统中间件能为应用程序开发人员屏蔽网格相关的实现细节,使其集中关注业务逻辑,从而更清晰地划分程序开发人员的职责,提高软件开发效率,降低复杂环境下的软件成本,改善软件生命周期。面向方面的编程方法提供用方面模块化横切系统的非功能性需求的抽象机制,允许编译、载入、运行时都能进行方面编织的编织机制正好应对异构动态分布式实时系统中间件开发和中间件上构建可配置、可剪裁的实时系统的需求。
面向方面中间件通过降低复杂性,以更平衡的方式发布灵活性、可靠性和性能,以及用方面扩展通用服务来提高重用性、可定制性、可演化性等方法显著改善了传统中间件平台,因此极大地降低了中间件平台退化的可能性。针对网格环境下分布式实时系统的面向方面中间件,本文主要从两个方面进行研究:一是面向方面中间件的系统化研究,运用面向方面技术解决分布式实时中间件的功能性需求与非功能性需求之间的横切问题;二是基于分布式实时系统面向方面中间件的模型。最后根据模型分析一个原型框架,结合分布式实时消息发送的例子研究了该中间件模型。
With the development of information technology, a significant revolution has taken place in computation model. It is an inevitable trend for computing development from distributed computing to Grid computing. The domains of distributed and real-time system are becoming more and more widespread in grid computing, such as national defense, aerospace, aviation, computer integrated manufacturing, telecom, industrial control system, railway, subway, satellite orbit control, robot, stock, etc. The distributed and real-time systems require increasing tailorability and configurability for the extension of domains and platforms, which are asynchronous, dynamic, high-speed computing, resource constrained.
Due to the inherent complexity of grid environments, it imposes the great challenges to the traditional middleware infrastructure. It needs urgently a kind of new middleware infrastructure that adapts to services and the statuses, which are continuously changing across different platforms. According to the varying run-time contexts, the middleware itself can adjust and reconfigure the structures and behavior to provide the application with real-time and reliable services. Meanwhile, the traditional software developing method can not conquer the great complexity of grid computing, then a new programming paradigm that can adapt to service-in, service-out, service modification, or the continuous varying service and resources seems quite attractive. The distributed and real-time system that is asynchronous and dynamic based on the new paradigm can shield the programmers from the grid specific details, and then the programmers can focus on the business logic, so the new paradigm can clarify the roles of programmers, improve the software lifecycle, reduce the cost of software, and improve developments' efficiency. Aspect-Oriented Programming provides new abstract principles, one of which is using aspect to modularize the crosscutting concerns, and introduce new weaving mechanisms, which allow compiling, loading, even run-time weaving. All those features will make the real-time middleware construction and the real-time systems development based-on middleware much more tailorable and configurable.
Aspect-oriented middleware obviously improves the traditional middleware platforms through reducing the complexity, distributing more balanced flexibility, reliability, and performance, aspectizing the general service, by increasing the reusability, configurability and evolvability, therefore, decreasing the likelihood of architectural erosion. This paper focuses on the two aspects of aspect-oriented middleware for grid computing: 1) systemic analysis of aspect-oriented middleware and the solution to the existing crosscutting problems between the functional requirements and non-functional requirements using aspect-oriented paradigm.; 2) the model of aspect-oriented middleware for distributed and real-time system. And then prototype framework based on the model is illustrated in details. Meanwhile, the functions of different layers are analyzed through the implementation of the timing message of distributed and real-time system.
网格环境固有的内在复杂性对当前的基础软件设施提出了全新的挑战,迫切需要一种具备自适应能力的中间件基础设施。网格环境下的分布式实时中间件要求中间件能够根据系统内部上下文和外部上下文动态地进行结构和行为的适应性剪裁和重新配置,为上层的实时应用提供实时的、可靠的服务。传统的软件开发方法难以解决网格环境的复杂性问题,需要一种新的编程范型以适应不断添加、扩展、修改或退出服务,以及服务和资源的状态不断变化的网格环境。用新编程范型构建的异构动态分布式实时系统中间件能为应用程序开发人员屏蔽网格相关的实现细节,使其集中关注业务逻辑,从而更清晰地划分程序开发人员的职责,提高软件开发效率,降低复杂环境下的软件成本,改善软件生命周期。面向方面的编程方法提供用方面模块化横切系统的非功能性需求的抽象机制,允许编译、载入、运行时都能进行方面编织的编织机制正好应对异构动态分布式实时系统中间件开发和中间件上构建可配置、可剪裁的实时系统的需求。
面向方面中间件通过降低复杂性,以更平衡的方式发布灵活性、可靠性和性能,以及用方面扩展通用服务来提高重用性、可定制性、可演化性等方法显著改善了传统中间件平台,因此极大地降低了中间件平台退化的可能性。针对网格环境下分布式实时系统的面向方面中间件,本文主要从两个方面进行研究:一是面向方面中间件的系统化研究,运用面向方面技术解决分布式实时中间件的功能性需求与非功能性需求之间的横切问题;二是基于分布式实时系统面向方面中间件的模型。最后根据模型分析一个原型框架,结合分布式实时消息发送的例子研究了该中间件模型。
With the development of information technology, a significant revolution has taken place in computation model. It is an inevitable trend for computing development from distributed computing to Grid computing. The domains of distributed and real-time system are becoming more and more widespread in grid computing, such as national defense, aerospace, aviation, computer integrated manufacturing, telecom, industrial control system, railway, subway, satellite orbit control, robot, stock, etc. The distributed and real-time systems require increasing tailorability and configurability for the extension of domains and platforms, which are asynchronous, dynamic, high-speed computing, resource constrained.
Due to the inherent complexity of grid environments, it imposes the great challenges to the traditional middleware infrastructure. It needs urgently a kind of new middleware infrastructure that adapts to services and the statuses, which are continuously changing across different platforms. According to the varying run-time contexts, the middleware itself can adjust and reconfigure the structures and behavior to provide the application with real-time and reliable services. Meanwhile, the traditional software developing method can not conquer the great complexity of grid computing, then a new programming paradigm that can adapt to service-in, service-out, service modification, or the continuous varying service and resources seems quite attractive. The distributed and real-time system that is asynchronous and dynamic based on the new paradigm can shield the programmers from the grid specific details, and then the programmers can focus on the business logic, so the new paradigm can clarify the roles of programmers, improve the software lifecycle, reduce the cost of software, and improve developments' efficiency. Aspect-Oriented Programming provides new abstract principles, one of which is using aspect to modularize the crosscutting concerns, and introduce new weaving mechanisms, which allow compiling, loading, even run-time weaving. All those features will make the real-time middleware construction and the real-time systems development based-on middleware much more tailorable and configurable.
Aspect-oriented middleware obviously improves the traditional middleware platforms through reducing the complexity, distributing more balanced flexibility, reliability, and performance, aspectizing the general service, by increasing the reusability, configurability and evolvability, therefore, decreasing the likelihood of architectural erosion. This paper focuses on the two aspects of aspect-oriented middleware for grid computing: 1) systemic analysis of aspect-oriented middleware and the solution to the existing crosscutting problems between the functional requirements and non-functional requirements using aspect-oriented paradigm.; 2) the model of aspect-oriented middleware for distributed and real-time system. And then prototype framework based on the model is illustrated in details. Meanwhile, the functions of different layers are analyzed through the implementation of the timing message of distributed and real-time system.
引文
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[19] Charles Zhang, Hans-Arno Jacobsen . Quantifying Aspects in Middleware Platforms. Middleware Systems Research Group. 2001.
[20] Charles Zhang, Dapeng Gao, HansArno Jacobsen. Towards Just-in time Middleware Architectures. Middleware Systems Research Group.2001.
[21] Franz J. Hauck, Ulrich Becker, Martin Geier, Erich Meier, Uwe Rastofer, Martin Steckermeier. AspectIX: A quality-aware, object-based middleware architecture. Informatik 4 (Distributed Systems and Operating Systems). 2001-05-17
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[23]刘瑞成.基于UML和形式化方法的面向方面实时系统模型学位[D].广东工业大学.2005.5.
[24]Lichen Zhang,Brahim Chaib-draa:A design methodology for real-time systems to be implemented on multiprocessor machines.Journal of Systems and Software 33(1):37-56(1996)
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[31]U.Kulesza,A.Garcia,and C.Lucena.Towards a Method for the Development of Aspect-Oriented Generative Approaches.Ws on Early Aspects,OOPSLA'04,2004,Vancouver,Canada.
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[33]I.Foster,C.Kesselman,J.Nick,S.Tuecke.The Physiology of the Grid:An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration.In Open Grid Service Infrastructure WG,Global Grid Forum,June 2002.
[34]Aniruddha S.Gokhale,Balachandran Natarajan.Grir:A CORBA-based GRID Middleware Architecture.HICSS' 03
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[36] A. S. Grirashaw, W. A. W. et al. The legion vision of a worldwide virtual computer. Communications of the ACM, 40(1):39 - 45, Jan. 1997.
[37] N. Furmento, A. Mayer, S. Gough, S. Newhouse, T. Field, J. Darlington. An integrated grid environment for component applications. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Grid Computing- Grid 2001, Denver 2001. Springer-Verlag LNCS, 2001
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