昆明发电厂厂用电节能改造研究
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摘要
国家在“十一五”规划中大力提倡建设资源节约型社会。随着“厂网分开”、“竟价上网”改革的深入,通过节能降耗,降低发电成本,提高上网电价的竞争力,已成为各发电企业提高经济效益的重要手段。
本论文分析研究了火力发电厂厂用电的作用与构成情况。发电厂用电率的高低是影响供电煤耗和发电成本的主要因素之一。而直接影响发电厂用电率的,是风机、泵类等大容量辅机的运行特性。由于国产机组的辅机在设计时裕量较大,且大部分采用原始落后的节流调节,使大部分能量消耗在节流档板与阀门上,造成辅机运行效率降低、发电厂用电率偏高。
通过对电动机和负载的机械特性进行研究,并结合火电厂风机、泵类设备的运行特性进行分析,指出采用调速调节是提高辅机效率的最直接手段。通过对各种调速节能技术进行对比分析,提出火力发电厂辅机应采取的主要调速方式。变频调速和液力偶合器调速是目前国内外应用比较广泛、技术比较成熟、使用较为方便的两种调速技术,在应用中各有优缺点。但无论采用何种调速调节技术,与传统的节流调节相比,节能效果还是非常明显的,且对机组运行安全非常有利。
论文最后以昆明发电厂的节能改造实例,验证节能效果。部分厂用风机、泵类辅机采用调速调节后,发电厂用电率平均降低了1%,节能效果非常明显。
Our country advocates building a resource conservation society in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan".As the reforms of "the separation between plant and network" and "the competition to access the network" are carried out in depth.Saving energy and reducing consumption,reducing generating cost,improving competitiveness of power rate,all of these have become the important methods of every electricity generation enterprise to enhance the economic efficiency.
This paper analyzes the effect and structure situation of station service of heat power plant.One main element of influencing coal consumption and generating cost is the height of station service power consumption rate.And running characters of auxiliary motors with large capacitance,such as wind pump and pump equipment,will influence station service power consumption rate directly.When designing auxiliary motor of domestically produced unit has large probadility factor.Moreover, People mostly adopt original throttle adjustments,causing a majority of energy consume in throttling apron and valve.It makes that auxiliary motor' running rate reduce and station service power consumption rate become high.
Through researching mechanical character of electromotor and load and analyzing running character of wind pump and pump equipment of heat power plant, this paper points out the direct way to advance auxiliary motor rate is to adjust speed.It also advances the main adjustable-speed method that auxiliary motor of heat power plant should take by analyzing and comparing with all kinds of technology which adjusts speed and conserves energy.Transvert and hydraulic lock converter are two adjustable-speed technologies used relatively widely home and abroad those have mature teconiques and can be used conveniently.They have both strengths and shortcomings in application,yet with whatever speed adjustment skills,they can both save great energy,and sesure the working of the machine set,compared to the traditional way.
At the end of the thesis,exemplifying the saving energy reform of the Kunmning power plant justify the energy-saving effect.After some of the service wind pump and pump pilot generator utilizing the speed regulating to accommodate,the station service power comsumption rate has apparently decreased 1%.The energy-saving effect is quite obvious.
本论文分析研究了火力发电厂厂用电的作用与构成情况。发电厂用电率的高低是影响供电煤耗和发电成本的主要因素之一。而直接影响发电厂用电率的,是风机、泵类等大容量辅机的运行特性。由于国产机组的辅机在设计时裕量较大,且大部分采用原始落后的节流调节,使大部分能量消耗在节流档板与阀门上,造成辅机运行效率降低、发电厂用电率偏高。
通过对电动机和负载的机械特性进行研究,并结合火电厂风机、泵类设备的运行特性进行分析,指出采用调速调节是提高辅机效率的最直接手段。通过对各种调速节能技术进行对比分析,提出火力发电厂辅机应采取的主要调速方式。变频调速和液力偶合器调速是目前国内外应用比较广泛、技术比较成熟、使用较为方便的两种调速技术,在应用中各有优缺点。但无论采用何种调速调节技术,与传统的节流调节相比,节能效果还是非常明显的,且对机组运行安全非常有利。
论文最后以昆明发电厂的节能改造实例,验证节能效果。部分厂用风机、泵类辅机采用调速调节后,发电厂用电率平均降低了1%,节能效果非常明显。
Our country advocates building a resource conservation society in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan".As the reforms of "the separation between plant and network" and "the competition to access the network" are carried out in depth.Saving energy and reducing consumption,reducing generating cost,improving competitiveness of power rate,all of these have become the important methods of every electricity generation enterprise to enhance the economic efficiency.
This paper analyzes the effect and structure situation of station service of heat power plant.One main element of influencing coal consumption and generating cost is the height of station service power consumption rate.And running characters of auxiliary motors with large capacitance,such as wind pump and pump equipment,will influence station service power consumption rate directly.When designing auxiliary motor of domestically produced unit has large probadility factor.Moreover, People mostly adopt original throttle adjustments,causing a majority of energy consume in throttling apron and valve.It makes that auxiliary motor' running rate reduce and station service power consumption rate become high.
Through researching mechanical character of electromotor and load and analyzing running character of wind pump and pump equipment of heat power plant, this paper points out the direct way to advance auxiliary motor rate is to adjust speed.It also advances the main adjustable-speed method that auxiliary motor of heat power plant should take by analyzing and comparing with all kinds of technology which adjusts speed and conserves energy.Transvert and hydraulic lock converter are two adjustable-speed technologies used relatively widely home and abroad those have mature teconiques and can be used conveniently.They have both strengths and shortcomings in application,yet with whatever speed adjustment skills,they can both save great energy,and sesure the working of the machine set,compared to the traditional way.
At the end of the thesis,exemplifying the saving energy reform of the Kunmning power plant justify the energy-saving effect.After some of the service wind pump and pump pilot generator utilizing the speed regulating to accommodate,the station service power comsumption rate has apparently decreased 1%.The energy-saving effect is quite obvious.
引文
[1]郭秀兰,马晓俊.降低供电煤耗的途径探讨.电力学报,2002-04 17
[2]赵小平.“十一五”电力工业发展的基本思路.中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会能源局.
[3]杨杰,付弢,续爱世.大型火力发电机组煤耗分析.热力发电,2002/03.
[4]雷铭主编.发电节能手册.中国电力出版社.
[5]中国华电集团公司安全生产部.发电厂对标管理.中国水利水电出版社.
[6]徐甫荣,崔力.发电厂辅机电动机变频调速节能方案探讨.电气传动自动化.2003年第25卷第2期.
[7]冀树芳,冀树春.调速技术在火(热)电厂的应用与节能.煤矿机械,2003年第11期。
[8]杜金城主编.电气变频调速设计技术.中国电力出版社.
[9]世界银行/全球环境基金中国节能促进项目办公室.EMC初级培训教材[Z].2004(3).
[10]火电设计规程SDJ-79规定.中国电力出版社.
[11]火力发电厂设计技术规程,中国电力出版社.
[12]刘家钰,齐秦松.电厂风机泵变频调速技术经济分析[A].全国电力技术市场协会、中国电力企业联合会科技服务中心.电厂高压电动机变频调速装置[C].北京:2001.
[13]徐甫荣.发电厂风机水泵变频调速节能改造路在何方.变频器世界,2004年10月.
[14]陈忠.电厂液粘调速器和液力偶合器使用情况分析.四川电力技术,2004-4/20。
[15]胡必荣.液力偶合器在大型锅炉风机上的节能应用研究.工业锅炉,2006年1期.
[16]程伟良,夏国栋,周茵,马小勇.凝结水泵的最佳调节方案分析.动力工程,24卷第5期.2004年10月
[17]宋景发,韩宇.变频调速技术在供热调峰锅炉中的应用及探讨.工业锅炉,2004年第3期(总第85期)
[18]杨乃乔,姜丽英.液力调速与节能[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2000.
[19]胡宗宝.锅炉引风机改调速运行的探讨.东北电力技术,2003年第8期.
[20]王威.变频调速在电厂的应用.热电技术,2005年第3期.
[21]智关,马焕军.电厂锅炉吸、送风机采用液力偶合器调速的经济技术分析.电力学报,2000年第15卷第4期总第53期
[22]潘则孝,莫利明.液力偶合器的故障原因及改进措施.燃料与化工,2004年5月第35卷第3期.
[23]徐甫荣.发电厂风机水泵调速节能运行的技术经济分析.电气技术-变频器,2006-09-24.
[24]魏宸官,赵家象.液体粘性传动技术[M]北京:国防工业出版社,1996.
[25]Dumouchel C,Bloor MJG,Ingham DB,Ledoux M.Influence of the liquid viscosity on spray generated by a swirl.atomizer.Proceedings of Sprays and Aerosols 91,Guildford,UK 1991.
[26]上海市电机工程学会,《电世界》编辑委员会.电工问答1500例.上海科学技术出版社.
[27]陆惠民,苏振民,王延树.工程项目管理.东南大学出版社.
[28]Lefebrve A H,Attomizer and Spray,Hemisphere Publishing Corporation,1989.
[29]哈尔滨工业大学电工学教研室.电工学(修订版).水利电力出版社.
[30]能源部西北电力设计院.电力工程电气设计手册电气二次部分.水利电力出版社.
[31]山西省电力工业局.汽轮机设备运行.中国电力出版社.
[32]重庆电力学校,徐晓云主编.泵与风机.中国电力出版社.
[33]孙成宝,金哲主编.现代节能技术与节电工程.中国水利水电出版社.
[35]北京电力学校主编.电机学.电力工业出版社.
[36]杨乃乔.风机、水泵的调速节能.中国能源网.
[37]赵龙生.电厂锅炉风机的变频调速节能技改.江苏机械制造与自动化,2001年第6期.
[38]王广惠,王铁光,李树元主编.电机与拖动.中国电力出版社。
[40]孙国琴.发电厂风机、水泵变频调速与液力偶合器调速运行比较.上海应用技术学院学报.2007年6月第7卷第2期.
[47]王家远,刘春乐.建设项目风险管理.中国水利电力出版社.
[50]王鲁扬,王禾兴.工业用电设备.中国电力出版社.
[54]曹康泰.中华人民共和国节约能源法释义.中国电力出版社.1998.
[2]赵小平.“十一五”电力工业发展的基本思路.中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会能源局.
[3]杨杰,付弢,续爱世.大型火力发电机组煤耗分析.热力发电,2002/03.
[4]雷铭主编.发电节能手册.中国电力出版社.
[5]中国华电集团公司安全生产部.发电厂对标管理.中国水利水电出版社.
[6]徐甫荣,崔力.发电厂辅机电动机变频调速节能方案探讨.电气传动自动化.2003年第25卷第2期.
[7]冀树芳,冀树春.调速技术在火(热)电厂的应用与节能.煤矿机械,2003年第11期。
[8]杜金城主编.电气变频调速设计技术.中国电力出版社.
[9]世界银行/全球环境基金中国节能促进项目办公室.EMC初级培训教材[Z].2004(3).
[10]火电设计规程SDJ-79规定.中国电力出版社.
[11]火力发电厂设计技术规程,中国电力出版社.
[12]刘家钰,齐秦松.电厂风机泵变频调速技术经济分析[A].全国电力技术市场协会、中国电力企业联合会科技服务中心.电厂高压电动机变频调速装置[C].北京:2001.
[13]徐甫荣.发电厂风机水泵变频调速节能改造路在何方.变频器世界,2004年10月.
[14]陈忠.电厂液粘调速器和液力偶合器使用情况分析.四川电力技术,2004-4/20。
[15]胡必荣.液力偶合器在大型锅炉风机上的节能应用研究.工业锅炉,2006年1期.
[16]程伟良,夏国栋,周茵,马小勇.凝结水泵的最佳调节方案分析.动力工程,24卷第5期.2004年10月
[17]宋景发,韩宇.变频调速技术在供热调峰锅炉中的应用及探讨.工业锅炉,2004年第3期(总第85期)
[18]杨乃乔,姜丽英.液力调速与节能[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2000.
[19]胡宗宝.锅炉引风机改调速运行的探讨.东北电力技术,2003年第8期.
[20]王威.变频调速在电厂的应用.热电技术,2005年第3期.
[21]智关,马焕军.电厂锅炉吸、送风机采用液力偶合器调速的经济技术分析.电力学报,2000年第15卷第4期总第53期
[22]潘则孝,莫利明.液力偶合器的故障原因及改进措施.燃料与化工,2004年5月第35卷第3期.
[23]徐甫荣.发电厂风机水泵调速节能运行的技术经济分析.电气技术-变频器,2006-09-24.
[24]魏宸官,赵家象.液体粘性传动技术[M]北京:国防工业出版社,1996.
[25]Dumouchel C,Bloor MJG,Ingham DB,Ledoux M.Influence of the liquid viscosity on spray generated by a swirl.atomizer.Proceedings of Sprays and Aerosols 91,Guildford,UK 1991.
[26]上海市电机工程学会,《电世界》编辑委员会.电工问答1500例.上海科学技术出版社.
[27]陆惠民,苏振民,王延树.工程项目管理.东南大学出版社.
[28]Lefebrve A H,Attomizer and Spray,Hemisphere Publishing Corporation,1989.
[29]哈尔滨工业大学电工学教研室.电工学(修订版).水利电力出版社.
[30]能源部西北电力设计院.电力工程电气设计手册电气二次部分.水利电力出版社.
[31]山西省电力工业局.汽轮机设备运行.中国电力出版社.
[32]重庆电力学校,徐晓云主编.泵与风机.中国电力出版社.
[33]孙成宝,金哲主编.现代节能技术与节电工程.中国水利水电出版社.
[35]北京电力学校主编.电机学.电力工业出版社.
[36]杨乃乔.风机、水泵的调速节能.中国能源网.
[37]赵龙生.电厂锅炉风机的变频调速节能技改.江苏机械制造与自动化,2001年第6期.
[38]王广惠,王铁光,李树元主编.电机与拖动.中国电力出版社。
[40]孙国琴.发电厂风机、水泵变频调速与液力偶合器调速运行比较.上海应用技术学院学报.2007年6月第7卷第2期.
[47]王家远,刘春乐.建设项目风险管理.中国水利电力出版社.
[50]王鲁扬,王禾兴.工业用电设备.中国电力出版社.
[54]曹康泰.中华人民共和国节约能源法释义.中国电力出版社.1998.