供应链企业间的知识市场及其交易模型研究
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摘要
当前,随着知识经济的发展,知识日益成为企业保持可持续发展和获得竞争优势的重要资源。从知识管理的角度看,供应链不仅是物流以及与物流密切相关的信息流、资金流的供应链,而且还是知识的供应链。供应链中位于不同节点的成员企业拥有异质而互补的资源,知识在供应链中的有效共享已成为供应链提高整体运作效率和获得竞争优势的重要途径之一。鉴于此,本文在达文波特企业内部知识市场理论的基础上,提出供应链企业间也存在知识市场,供应链各成员企业可以通过知识市场进行知识交易,推动知识共享,进而提高自身竞争实力及供应链整体竞争优势。与企业内部相比,供应链作为一个由多个具有独立法人资格的企业组成的合作联盟,其企业间的知识交易显得更为复杂和多变。具体来讲,本文在介绍研究背景、目的、意义、内容及国内外相关研究文献综述的基础上,从三个方面研究了供应链企业间的知识市场及其交易模型:
首先,研究了供应链企业间知识市场的构成、交易方式及影响因素。从知识市场建立的可行性和构成要素两方面分析了供应链企业间知识市场的构成。同时,从知识市场管理方的角度将供应链企业间知识市场的交易方式划分为核心企业作为管理方的知识交易方式以及知识服务公司作为管理方的知识交易方式,并对两种交易方式的具体实施过程进行了分析,指出两种方式各有优劣。此外,从主体层面、客体层面及环境层面对供应链企业间知识市场的影响因素进行了深入分析,并且提出了对策和建议。
其次,研究了供应链企业间知识市场的一次性交易模型。根据委托-代理理论,在充分考虑各企业的风险偏好、交易成本以及知识出售意愿度等诸多因素的基础上,分别构建了核心企业作为管理方的一次性交易模型以及知识服务公司作为管理方的一次性交易模型。研究指出,管理方对不确定性因素进行观测的努力程度与知识交易各方收益密切相关。同时,卖方的知识出售意愿度及获得的提成比例随买卖双方的知识学习和共享成本、管理方的中介提成率以及卖方风险规避度的增加而降低。
最后,研究了供应链企业间知识市场的两阶段交易模型。以委托-代理理论为定量分析工具,从知识买方两阶段收益最大化角度出发,充分考虑了各企业知识交易的风险偏好、交易成本以及知识出售意愿度等影响因素,构建了两阶段知识交易模型,进行参数赋值并运用Matlab与一次性知识交易进行了比较分析。研究发现,卖方的知识出售意愿度随管理方观测努力程度的增加而提高,但随买方学习成本、卖方风险规避度的增加而降低。同时,通过对一次性和两阶段知识交易模型的参数赋值比较,发现两阶段知识出售意愿度大于一次性知识出售意愿度,表明两阶段的知识交易总量高于一次性知识交易。研究结果对于供应链企业间知识市场的运行具有较大参考价值,说明供应链各成员企业应加强相互信任,建立长期合作关系,从而提高知识交易水平,促进知识共享的有效达成。
At present, with the development of knowledge-based economy, knowledge is increasingly becoming important resource of enterprises to maintain a competitive advantage and sustainable development. From the perspective of knowledge management, supply chain is not only closely related to information flow, capital flow supply chain, but also supply chain of knowledge. Because that the supply chain member companies located in different nodes have heterogeneous and complementary resources, knowledge sharing effectivly in supply chain has become one important way of improving supply chain overall operational efficiency and gaining competitive advantage. In view of this, based on Davenport’s theory of internal knowledge market, this paper proposed knowledge market among enterprises in supply chain. Each member enterprise can make knowledge trading through knowledge market in supply chain, strengthen their own competitiveness and the advantage of supply chain.advantage. Compared with the enterprise, supply chain as a cooperative alliance of multi-enterprise with independent legal personality, its transactions of knowledge between enterprises is much more complex and changeable.Specifically, based on the research background, purpose, meaning, content and literature review, this paper analyse the knowledge trading model of knowledge market among enterprises in supply chain from four aspects:
Firstly, this paper analyse the composition, trading methods and influencing factors of knowledge market among enterprises in supply chain. Based on the analysis of conception and components of knowledge market among enterprises in supply chain, this paper divided the trading modes from different angles, and then reseach on the main factors which affecting the knowledge market among enterprises in supply chain from the aspects of the main level, object level, and environmental dimensions.
Secondly, a one-time knowledge trading model of knowledge market is studied among enterprises in supply chain. According to the theory of principal agent, fully taking into account many factors, such as business risk preferences, transaction costs, as well as the degree of knowledge and willingness to sell, the paper constructs the management of the core business as a one-time transaction model and core business as the management of a one-time transaction model. The conclusinon implies that the level of effort to the uncertainty by the manager of knowledge market in supply chain is closely related to the earnings of all parties to the transaction. At the same time, the degree of seller’s willing to sell knowledge and the float proportion it will obtain will increase with the reduce of the costs of knowledge learning by buyers, the costs of knowledge sharing by sellers, the intermediary commission rate of managers and the risk aversion degree of sellers in the supply chain.
Finally, the knowledge trading model with two-stage among enterprises in supply chain is analyzed by the methodology of principal-agent theory. The model considers the profit of knowledge buyer, the degree of risk preference, the cost of trade and the intentions of knowledge seller. The conclusinon implies that the sellers degree of willingness to sell knowledge will improve with the increase of the observing effore of managers. However, the sellers degree of willingness to sell knowledge will decline with the increase of the costs of knowledge learning by buyers and the risk aversion degree of sellers in the supply chain. At the same time, an comparative analysis of the one-time and the two-stage model has been done through the parameter assignment. It pointed out that the degree of seller’s willing to sell knowledge of two-stage is always higher than that of one-time, which indicates that total amount of knowledge transacted in two-stage are always higher than that of one-time.
首先,研究了供应链企业间知识市场的构成、交易方式及影响因素。从知识市场建立的可行性和构成要素两方面分析了供应链企业间知识市场的构成。同时,从知识市场管理方的角度将供应链企业间知识市场的交易方式划分为核心企业作为管理方的知识交易方式以及知识服务公司作为管理方的知识交易方式,并对两种交易方式的具体实施过程进行了分析,指出两种方式各有优劣。此外,从主体层面、客体层面及环境层面对供应链企业间知识市场的影响因素进行了深入分析,并且提出了对策和建议。
其次,研究了供应链企业间知识市场的一次性交易模型。根据委托-代理理论,在充分考虑各企业的风险偏好、交易成本以及知识出售意愿度等诸多因素的基础上,分别构建了核心企业作为管理方的一次性交易模型以及知识服务公司作为管理方的一次性交易模型。研究指出,管理方对不确定性因素进行观测的努力程度与知识交易各方收益密切相关。同时,卖方的知识出售意愿度及获得的提成比例随买卖双方的知识学习和共享成本、管理方的中介提成率以及卖方风险规避度的增加而降低。
最后,研究了供应链企业间知识市场的两阶段交易模型。以委托-代理理论为定量分析工具,从知识买方两阶段收益最大化角度出发,充分考虑了各企业知识交易的风险偏好、交易成本以及知识出售意愿度等影响因素,构建了两阶段知识交易模型,进行参数赋值并运用Matlab与一次性知识交易进行了比较分析。研究发现,卖方的知识出售意愿度随管理方观测努力程度的增加而提高,但随买方学习成本、卖方风险规避度的增加而降低。同时,通过对一次性和两阶段知识交易模型的参数赋值比较,发现两阶段知识出售意愿度大于一次性知识出售意愿度,表明两阶段的知识交易总量高于一次性知识交易。研究结果对于供应链企业间知识市场的运行具有较大参考价值,说明供应链各成员企业应加强相互信任,建立长期合作关系,从而提高知识交易水平,促进知识共享的有效达成。
At present, with the development of knowledge-based economy, knowledge is increasingly becoming important resource of enterprises to maintain a competitive advantage and sustainable development. From the perspective of knowledge management, supply chain is not only closely related to information flow, capital flow supply chain, but also supply chain of knowledge. Because that the supply chain member companies located in different nodes have heterogeneous and complementary resources, knowledge sharing effectivly in supply chain has become one important way of improving supply chain overall operational efficiency and gaining competitive advantage. In view of this, based on Davenport’s theory of internal knowledge market, this paper proposed knowledge market among enterprises in supply chain. Each member enterprise can make knowledge trading through knowledge market in supply chain, strengthen their own competitiveness and the advantage of supply chain.advantage. Compared with the enterprise, supply chain as a cooperative alliance of multi-enterprise with independent legal personality, its transactions of knowledge between enterprises is much more complex and changeable.Specifically, based on the research background, purpose, meaning, content and literature review, this paper analyse the knowledge trading model of knowledge market among enterprises in supply chain from four aspects:
Firstly, this paper analyse the composition, trading methods and influencing factors of knowledge market among enterprises in supply chain. Based on the analysis of conception and components of knowledge market among enterprises in supply chain, this paper divided the trading modes from different angles, and then reseach on the main factors which affecting the knowledge market among enterprises in supply chain from the aspects of the main level, object level, and environmental dimensions.
Secondly, a one-time knowledge trading model of knowledge market is studied among enterprises in supply chain. According to the theory of principal agent, fully taking into account many factors, such as business risk preferences, transaction costs, as well as the degree of knowledge and willingness to sell, the paper constructs the management of the core business as a one-time transaction model and core business as the management of a one-time transaction model. The conclusinon implies that the level of effort to the uncertainty by the manager of knowledge market in supply chain is closely related to the earnings of all parties to the transaction. At the same time, the degree of seller’s willing to sell knowledge and the float proportion it will obtain will increase with the reduce of the costs of knowledge learning by buyers, the costs of knowledge sharing by sellers, the intermediary commission rate of managers and the risk aversion degree of sellers in the supply chain.
Finally, the knowledge trading model with two-stage among enterprises in supply chain is analyzed by the methodology of principal-agent theory. The model considers the profit of knowledge buyer, the degree of risk preference, the cost of trade and the intentions of knowledge seller. The conclusinon implies that the sellers degree of willingness to sell knowledge will improve with the increase of the observing effore of managers. However, the sellers degree of willingness to sell knowledge will decline with the increase of the costs of knowledge learning by buyers and the risk aversion degree of sellers in the supply chain. At the same time, an comparative analysis of the one-time and the two-stage model has been done through the parameter assignment. It pointed out that the degree of seller’s willing to sell knowledge of two-stage is always higher than that of one-time, which indicates that total amount of knowledge transacted in two-stage are always higher than that of one-time.
引文
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