用户名: 密码: 验证码:
中国刨花板产业国际竞争力影响因素分析
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文从中国刨花板产业国际竞争力影响因素的分析入手,通过数据分析,客观评价中国刨花板产业国际竞争力的现状,构建中国刨花板产业国际竞争力的评价体系,并利用面板数据模型进行定量分析,以找出影响中国刨花板产业国际竞争力的主要影响因素。
     本研究从全球的角度,利用48年的时间数据,运用国际市场占有率、贸易竞争指数、显性比较优势指数、产业内贸易指数、贸易条件指数五类定量指标和面板数据定量模型对加拿大、德国、比利时、意大利、美国和中国等12个国家的刨花板产业国际竞争力变动进行深入的定量比较分析。
     本研究主要以波特的“钻石模型”理论为指导,从生产要素、需求条件、相关及支持性产业、企业结构战略与竞争四个方面,以及政府作用与机会角色两个辅助因素,对影响中国刨花板产业国际竞争力的因素进行了国际比较。
     从生产要素因素分析,发现中国刨花板产业具有一定的森林资源禀赋优势和劳动力工资低的成本优势,但存在着劳动力质量不高,表现在全员劳动生产率低,教育与健康等支出较低等,中国人工林造林面积和发展速度世界第一,森林认证水平较低,但近年来的发展速度很快,中国刨花板产量世界第二,但竞争力不强;从需求条件因素的实证分析,发现中国庞大的国内市场需求对中国刨花板产业国际竞争力的培育与提升起着重要的作用;对相关及支持性产业的研究表明,中国的家具业的国际竞争力的不断提升,和刨花板机械制造业水平的提高,以及其他支持性行业产业的发展,是促进了中国刨花板产业国际竞争力的提升的重要因素。从企业结构战略与竞争的影响因素分析,中国刨花板国内市场竞争激烈,但企业规模偏小,产业集中度较低;政府作用与机会角色方面的研究表明,中国政府的管理水平处于中等,但近年来管理水平相对排名处于下降之中;国际油价的上涨,减弱了劳动力价格便宜的优势;人民币汇率的持续升值不利于中低档刨花板产品的出口,对产业的发展喜忧参半,但国际金融危机和东盟自由贸易区的建立对中国刨花板产业的发展提供了新的发展机遇。
     五类定量指标的衡量结果表明,中国刨花板产业国际竞争力总体上是比较弱的。从国际市场占有率来看,中国刨花板的国际市场占有率很低;从贸易竞争指数来看,中国刨花板生产效率低于国际水平,在国际竞争中不具有竞争优势;从产业内贸易指数分析,中国在1986年之后的贸易指数都大于1,表示中国在此期间刨花板进口额大于出口额,1998-2008年中国的贸易竞争指数出现下降趋势,且下降幅度较大,表明中国刨花板的贸易条件在恶化;从贸易条件指数分析,中国刨花板的贸易条件指数出现下降,且下降幅度较大,表明中国刨花板国际贸易的竞争力在减弱;从显示性比较优势指数来看,中国近年来表现出下降的趋势。从Panel-Data模型的区域样本面板数据的实证结果来看,刨花板出口单价、城市化度、其他人造板出口额和人均国内GDP上升1个百分点,刨花板出口额就相应增长49.6%、7711.9%、19.80%和0.14%,基本符合经济现实;胶粘剂出口量和劳动力数量增加1个百分点,刨花板出口额则相应减少39.4%和6.8%,并对其经济意义进行分析。
     最后针对理论分析和实证研究的结果,提出了立足于国内市场需求,提升装备制造业水平,扩大原料来源,重视胶粘剂质量的提升和政策引导等政策建议。
Focusing on the influencing factors analysis of the international competitiveness of China's Particle Board industry, this thesis assesses objectively the current situation of the international competitiveness of China's Particle Board industry through statistics and tries to build up a system for its assessment. The thesis also makes a quantitative analysis through Panel Data Model in order to find out the main influencing factor of the international competitiveness of China's Particle Board industry
     Based on statistics over a span of 48 years, the study makes a deep quantitative comparison and analysis of variations of international competitiveness of the Particle Board industry of twelve countries as Canada, Germany, Belgium, Italy, America, and China, etc. from a global perspective in terms of Panel Data Model and five quantitative indicators----international market share, index of trade competition, index of revealed comparative advantage, intra-industry trade index and terms of trade index.
     Based on Porter's "Diamond Model" Theory, the study makes an international comparison of the influencing factors of international competitiveness of China's Particle Board industry from the four aspects of the factors of production, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, corporate structure and competition strategies, and two auxiliary factors of opportunities and the role of government.
     From the analysis of production factors, Particle Board industry of China has a certain advantage in forest resource endowment and low labor costs. However, there exists some problems in it such as lower labor quality which reflects in the low productivity of the overall labor and small expenditure on education and health and so on. Though the artificial forestation area of China and its rate of development ranks first in the world, the forest certification of China remains in a low level; The Particle Board output of China ranks second in the world, but its competitiveness still needs improving. Through the empirical analysis of demand factors, the study discovers that the great demand of domestic markets in China plays a major role in fostering and promotion of international competitiveness of China's Particle Board industry; The thesis also makes a comparative study of other supporting industries. The development of related industries,such as the constant promotion of international competitiveness of furniture industry and the improvement of Particle Board machinery manufacturing, contributes a lot to the promotion of the international competitiveness of China's Particle Board industry.
     While there is a fierce competition between the domestic markets of Particle Board in China from the Influencing factors analysis of enterprise architecture strategy and competition, the size of businesses is relatively small and the concentration ratio of the industry is rather low as well. The research on Government function and opportunities for role shows that Chinese government is in the middle management level, but in recent years the level of the relative ranking is declining.In the meantime, the rise of international oil price softens the advantage of low labor costs. The continuous appreciation of RMB exchange rate is not conductive to the export of medium and lower grade Particle Board products and it's a double-edged sword to the development of the industry. However, the international financial crisis and the establishment of ASEAN Free Trade Area provide new opportunities for the development of China's Particle Board industry.
     The measurement results of five quantitative indicators show that the international competitiveness of China's particle board industry in general is relatively weak. From the international market share, the share of China's particle board is very low; From trade competition index, China particleboard production efficiency is lower than the international level,so it does not have a competitive advantage in international competition; From the analysis of intra-industry trade index, China's trade index after 1986 is greater than 1, which indicates China's particle board imports is greater than exports during this period.Duringl998-2008, China's trade competitiveness index is decreasing in a large margin, which shows China's Particle board trade conditions are deteriorating; From the analysis of the terms of trade index, the index of China's particleboard has fallen in a large margin as well, which indicates China's international trade competitiveness of particleboard in decline; According to the revealed comparative advantage index, china has shown a decline trend in recent years
     Judging from the empirical results of the regional panel data of Panel-Data Models, when particleboard export unit price, degree of urbanization, and other wood-based panel exports and GDP per capita increased by one percentage point, a corresponding increase in particle board exports grew by 49.6% and 7711.9%,19.80% and 0.14%, which is basically in line with economic reality; When the adhesive exports and labor force increased by 1 percentage point, a corresponding decrease in particle board exports cut down 39.4% and 6.8%. The thesis also analyzes their economic significance.
     Finally according to the results of the theoretical analysis and empirical study, the thesis presents some policy recommendations based on domestic market demand such as raising the level of the equipment manufacturing industry, expanding sources of raw materials, paying attention to the improvement of the quality of adhesives and policy guidance.
引文
[1](美)Michael E. Porter.李明轩,邱美如译.国家竞争优势[M].北京:华夏出版社,2002.
    [2](美)Michael E. Porter.竞争论[M].中信出版社,2003.[](美)Michael E. Porter.陈小悦译.竞争战略[M]:北京:华夏出版社,2004.
    [3](美)Michael E. Porter.陈小悦译.竞争优势[M].北京:华夏出版社,2004.
    [4](美)保罗·萨缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯.经济学(第18版)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2008(6):257.
    [5]A. Xepapadeas and A. Zeeuw. Environmental Policy and Competitiveness: The Porter Hypothesis and the Composition of capital[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1999, (7):165-182.
    [6]Chaudhure S. and Ray S. The Competitiveness Conundrum:Literature Review and Reflections[J]. Economic and Political Weekly.1997.
    [7]Fagerberg. J User-Producer Interaction, Learning and Comparative Advantage[J]. Cambridge Journal of Economics,1995, (19):143-156.
    [8]FAO. State of the world's forests [M].北京:中国商务出版社,2009:90.
    [9]FAOSTAT. ForesStat[EB/OL]. http://faostat.fao.org/site/626/DesktopDe fault.aspx?PageID=626#ancor,2009-09-30/2010-01-18.
    [10]Forest Stewardship Council. Global FSC Certificates:type and distribution[EB/OL]. http://www.fsc.org/fileadmin/web-data/public/docu ment_center/powerpoints_graphs/facts_figures/Global-FSC-Certificates-2010-02-15-EN.pdf,2010-02-15/2010-03-18.
    [11]Heikki, Responses to Change in Demand and Supply of forest Products Through Improved Marketing[J]. Antalya Turkey,1997, (4):121-134.
    [12]John wadsworth.世界其他地区生产能力增长迅猛[J].中国人造板,2008(6):35-39.
    [13]John wadsworth.新生产线,新建设地[J].中国人造板,2008(5):36-40.
    [14]Kim. D. and Marion B. Domestic Market Structure and Performance in Global Markets:Theory and Empirical Evidence from US Food Manufacturing Industry[J]. Review of International Organization,1997, (12):335-354.
    [15]Loutdes Moreno. The Determinants of Spanish Industrial Exports to the European Union[J]. Applied Economics,1997, (29):723-732.
    [16]Peterson. E. W,2000:Agricultural comparative advantage and government policy interventions. Journal of Agricultural Economics,51,371-387.
    [17]Porter Mochael E.The Competitive Advangtage of Nations, Havard Business Review,1990, (4):73-93.
    [18]蔡昉.工业竞争力与比较优势——WTO框架下提高工业竞争力的方向[J].北京:管理世界,2003,(24):31-36.
    [19]陈立敏,谭力文.产业国际竞争力的评价方法研究[J].经济管理·新管理,2003(24):23-28.
    [20]陈绪和,金薇.21世纪中国木材产品研究[J].世界林业研究,2001,14(1):37-42.
    [21]程宝栋,宋维明.我国木材产品国际贸易的比较优势分析[J].国际贸易问题,2003,(10):14-18.
    [22]程亚文.东南亚经济共同体的先声[J].南风窗,2010,403(3):29.
    [23]戴永务.中国人造板产业国际竞争力研究[D].福建农林大学,2007.
    [24]丁炳寅,王天佑,陈坤霖.从百废待兴到成就辉煌-中国人造板机械技术进步60年盘点[J].中国人造板,2009,16(11):1-8.
    [25]董双文.刨花板生产发展新趋势[J].中国人造板,2009,16(10):47-48.
    [26]樊欢欢,张凌云.Eviews统计分析与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009.
    [27]费斯从.自贸区倒逼“中国制造”升级[J].南风窗,2010,403(3):37-38.
    [28]冯玉兰.人民币对内贬值对外升值原因分析[J].合作经济与科技.2009,380(11):51-52.
    [29]甘健胜.区域竞争力评估的多目标层次分析模型[J].福建行政学院学报,2002,(1):26-29.
    [30]甘卫星,罗建举.我国木材胶粘剂的发展现状[J].国际木业,2006,36(12):34-36.
    [31]龚辈凡.环保型胶粘剂引领行业发展[J].广东建设信息(建材专辑).2004,(4):28
    [32]顾波,王晓辉,张建.我国人造板用胶粘剂现状及发展对策[J].中国木材,2003,(4):26-28.
    [33]国家发改委等.《关于加快推进木材节约和代用工作的意见》[EB/OL].http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/rdzt/jsjyxsh/W020060106411268660968.do c,2005-12-25/2008-08-09.
    [34]国家体改委经济体制改革研究院等联合研究组.中国国际竞争力发展报告(1996)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1997:4-8.
    [35]国家体改委经济体制改革研究院等联合研究组.中国国际竞争力发展报告(1997):产业结构主题研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998.
    [36]胡广斌,肖小兵.我国刨花板生产概况及近期发展态势[J].中国人造板,2007,(2):1-4.
    [37]胡广斌,肖小兵.我国刨花板生产现状[J].中国人造板,2009,16(11):10-13.
    [38]胡万明、齐英杰、胡万义等,中国人造板机械制造行业形成与发展历史回顾(四)[J].木材加工机械,2006,(2):41-42.
    [39]华毓坤,梅长彤.结合定向刨花板研发和产业化历程谈对我国人造板机械发展的几点建议[J].木材加工机械,2009,(5):42.
    [40]华毓坤.人造板工艺学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2002.
    [41]金碚.竞争秩序与竞争政策[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.
    [42]金碚.我国工业品国际竞争力比较研究[J].中国工业经济,1996,(2):25-29.
    [43]金碚.中国工业国际竞争力——理论、方法与实证研究[M].北京:经济管理出版社,1997.
    [44]金碚.中国企业竞争力报告(2003):竞争力的性质和源泉[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003.
    [45]金碚.中国企业竞争力报告(2005)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.
    [46]金碚.中国企业竞争力报告(2006)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006.
    [47]金碚.中国企业竞争力报告(2009):金融危机与企业战略[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009:1-23.
    [48]金碚等.竞争力经济学[M].广州:广东经济出版社,2003.
    [49]匡致远.高技术产业国际竞争力研究——主要因素和产业聚群[D].广东广州:暨南大学,2001.
    [50]冷秋,王硕.留住记忆,开创今朝[J].中国人造板,2009,16(9):5-6.
    [51]李长材.2006年全国进口木材情况[J].木材工业,2007,(2):48.
    [52]李长材.2007年全国进口木材情况[J].木材工业,2008,(2):48.
    [53]李长材.2008年全国进口木材情况[J].木材工业,2009,(2):50.
    [54]李凤春.金融危机加快板材行业结构升级[EB/OL]. http://house.21cn.com/home/message.shtml,2008-11-02/2009-03-26.
    [55]李辉.中国新疆棉花产业国际竞争力研究[D].湖北武汉:华中农业大学,2006.
    [56]李志仁.我国纤维板与刨花板设备的现状与发展.国际木业,2006(11):15-18.
    [57]林凤鸣,罗信坚.2008年我国主要林产品贸易分析-进口篇[J].中国人造板,2009(8):46.
    [58]林毅夫,蔡昉,李周.中国的奇迹:发展战略与经济改革[M].上海人民出版 社,1996.
    [59]林毅夫.比较优势与中国经济发展——在中国市长论坛上的讲演[EB/OL]. http://theory.people.com.cn/GB/49167.html,2005-09-20/2008-09-18.
    [60]林作新.森林与木材——中国家具业的可持续发展[J].家具与室内装饰,2006,(5):11-16.
    [61]刘冬,宋维明.论比较优势与我国的木材产业国际化[J].林业经济,2003,(5):32-34.
    [62]刘芳.中国肉羊产业国际竞争力研究[D].中国北京:中国农业科学院,2006.
    [63]刘夏.FSC认证标签:商业森林贸易“绿卡”[J].国际木业,2009,(9):17-18.
    [64]刘雪.中国蔬菜产业的国际竞争力研究[D].中国北京:中国农业大学,2002.
    [65]陆文明,赵劫,林月华.森林认证的现状与发证趋势[J].森林认证通讯,2003,(2):1-4.
    [66]吕斌,孔庆媛.我国人造板质量现状分析[C].第四届全国人造板工业科技发展研讨会论文集,2005:31-37.
    [67]吕明元.论具有国际竞争力的产业成长[D].中国天津:南开大学,2005.
    [68]孟宪平.我国人造板工业由大变强的战略思考[J].中国人造板,2008,(2):2.
    [69]缪东玲.中国木质林产品贸易与环境研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004.
    [70]裴长洪.利用外资与产业竞争力[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,1998.
    [71]彭磊.人民币升值对进出口贸易的影响[J].大众商务,2009,105(9):45.
    [72]钱小瑜.我国林产工业现状及木材工业发展趋势[J].木材工业,2009,23(4):4.
    [73]钱小瑜.我国木材胶粘剂行业十一五发展趋势[J].中国人造板,2006,(4):13-15.
    [74]钱小瑜.中密度纤维板涨价风波及启迪[J].国际木业,2007,(1):23-26.
    [75]秦泰.中国蔬菜汁国际竞争力研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
    [76]曲晶.浅谈人民币升值对我国经济的影响[J].辽宁行政学院学报,2009,11(9):75-76.
    [77]任晓,卢铮.人民币汇率升值大幅升值4.09%[N].中国证券报,2010-03-17,4.
    [78]商务部经济合作司.2009年我国对外投资合作业务简况[EB/OL]. http://www.fdi.gov.cn/pub/FDI.htm,2009-02-25/2010-01-20.
    [79]史小娟,郑凤山.零甲醛刨花板工业化生产的初步总结[J].中国人造板,2006,(11):20-22.
    [80]宋全成.迈向贸易强国——中国外贸竞争力研究[M].北京:中国商务出版社, 2004:68.
    [81]宋维明.中国木材产业国际化与竞争力研究[D].中国北京:林业大学,2001.
    [82]汤晓文、刘建杰、于百川.2007年全国林业经济运行情况[J].林业经济,2008,(8):3-9.
    [83]唐朝.定向刨花板,34年情结能否圆梦[J].中国人造板,2009,16(8):1-3.
    [84]田明华,王东亮,程宝栋.中国木地板企业开展森林认证的思考[J].林产工业,2008,35(6):3-8.
    [85]王波.中国木质家具产业国际竞争力研究[D].福建农林大学,2009.
    [86]王凡非,钱小瑜.我国人造板工业生产、贸易现状与展望[J].林产工业,2009,36(5):3-6.
    [87]王龙.中国汽车产业国际竞争力研究[D].湖北武汉:武汉理工大学,2006.
    [88]王兆刚.人民币升值对我国经济发展的影响和对策[J].辽宁经济,2009,(9):38-39.
    [89]夏灵芝.推动我国人造板生产企业成本上升的因素分析[J].中国人造板,2008,(6):8.
    [90]向国成.综合比较优势理论:比较优势理论的三大转变[EB/OL]. http://www.jjxj.com.cn/news_detal.jsp?keyno=2721,2004-2-29/2008-3-16.
    [91]小岛清(美).对外贸易论[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1987.
    [92]谢敏芳,谢拥群,魏起华,林铭.我国定向结构板市场前景和发展探讨[J].林业机械和木工设备.2007,35(3):9-12.
    [93]邢少文.迟到的轮胎特保案,贸易战序幕[J].南风窗,2009,(18):68.
    [94]许美琪.中国家具业的发展为美国硬木带来商机[J].国际木业,2007,(8):18-20.
    [95]许世伟.中国人造板产业国际竞争力研究[D].中国北京:北京林业大学,2004.
    [96]严谨,戴永务,余建辉.世界刨花板生产和贸易的动态分析[J].中国林业经济,2009,99(6):12-16.
    [97]杨柳.中国餐饮产业竞争力研究[D].在北京:北京交通大学,2007.
    [98]姚昌恬.中国人造板工业现状与入世对策[J].林业经济,2002,(9):8-11.
    [99]佚名.国际人造板产品产品研讨会会议报告综述[J].中国人造板,2008,(增刊):29-35.
    [100]佚名.我国目前每年森林蓄积消耗缺口已达到2亿m2[J].林产工业.2007,(2):35-35.
    [101]佚名.综合信息:第六次全国森林资源清查结果发布.[J].林产工业,2005, 19(1):49.
    [102]余建辉等.森林资源对中国人造板产业国际竞争力的影响分析[J].林业经济,2008,(8):44-52.
    [103]余养伦,于文吉.葵花秸杆刨花板的开发前景[J].木材加工机械,2009,20(1):32.
    [104]张德荣,林静,张双保.中国刨花板工业的回顾与展望[J].木材加工机械,2004,(1)1:28-29.
    [105]张金昌.国际竞争力评价的理论和方法研究[D].中国北京:中国社会科学院研究生院,2001.
    [106]张久荣.木材循环利用在欧洲蓬勃发展[J].中国林业产业,2005,(10):30-32.
    [107]张玫.中国水产品国际竞争力研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
    [108]张齐生,周定国.浅议我国从人造板大国迈向人造板强国的途径[J].林产工业,2005,32(1):3-5.
    [109]张森林.金融海啸对中国地板行业的五大影响[EB/OL]. http://home.focus.cn/news/2008-12-03/123232.html,2008-12-3/2009-3-26.
    [110]赵东成(韩国).面向21世纪的战略经营[M].韩国汉城经济经营社出版,1998.
    [111]赵灵敏.中国,如何从东盟走向世界[J].南风窗,2010,403(3):26-28.
    [112]赵彦云等.国际竞争力统计模型及应用研究[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
    [113]郑凤山.刨花板生产的发展历程及趋势[J].中国人造板,2009(7):26-29.
    [114]中财网.2009年三季度经济述评之九:房地产博弈走向令人关注[EB/OL]. http://www.cfi.net.cn/p20091120001464.html,2009-11-20/2010-01-18.
    [115]中国产业研究报告网.刨花板的生产规模[EB/OL]. http://www.chinairr.org,2008-11-26/2009-03-08.
    [116]中国出口贸易网.林业振兴计划提振人造板行业信心[EB/OL]. http://news.chukou.com.cn/detail-1490.html,2009-03-04/2010-03-08.
    [117]中国木材网.我国刨花板四成出口俄罗斯[EB/OL]. http://www.chinatimber.org/news/26070.html,2009-02-11/2010-01-18.
    [118]中国木业机械网.中国刨花板工业的发展历程、目前状况与未来发展[EB/OL].http://www.woodjx.cn/zszc/,2007-03-20/2008-01-18.
    [119]中国人民大学竞争力与评价研究中心研究组.中国国际竞争力发展报告(2001):21世纪发展主题研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001.
    [120]中国人民大学竞争力与评价研究中心研究组.中国国际竞争力发展报告(2003):区域竞争力发展主题研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
    [121]中国网.我国《林业产业调整与振兴规划》编制工作启动[EB/OL].http://www.china.com.cn/policy/txt/2009-02/24/content_1732466 2.htm,2009-02-24/2010-01-03.
    [122]中国再生资源交易网.酚醛价格[EB/OL].http://www.zz91.com/cn/trade23690.html,2007-12-27/2010-01-18.
    [123]中华人民共和国国家商务部、国家统计局、国家外汇管理局.2007年度中国对外直接投资统计公报[EB/OL]. http://www.fdi.gov.cn/pub/upload/pdf, 2009-02-25/2010-01-20.
    [124]钟金传.中国大豆产业国际竞争力研究[D].中国北京:中国农业大学,2005.
    [125]周炜.俄罗斯人造板生产概述[J].中国人造板,2009,(5):33-34.
    [126]左继宏,胡树华.关于区域竞争力的指标体系设计研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,(4):64-67.
    [127]国家统计局.中国林业年鉴2007(及以前各期)[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2007.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700