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基于POOL模式的中长期电力合约交易策略及风险建模
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摘要
世界范围的电力工业市场化运营为市场参与者带来了前所未有的风险,中长期电力合约,包括结合期权交易思想的中长期合约,在电力工业市场化运营下将是一种有效的风险管理工具和交易手段。本文主要研究了基于电力联营体(POOL)模式的中长期电力合约的交易策略和风险建模问题。在参阅国内外研究成果的基础上,首先分析和比较了电力工业市场化运营模式,接着讨论了在市场开放的初级阶段即单边开放阶段,在电力合约不可随意买卖的情况下,发电公司或独力电厂Independent Power Provider(IPP)应制定多少份额的电力合约才能使其风险最小、利润稳定这一问题。接下来进一步研究了在中长期电力合约可以转让的情况下,在双边开放阶段,IPP如何决策每一交易时段的最优电量。首次建立了IPP在电力合约到期交货前进行买卖交易的一种策略及其数学模型,并基Matlab6.1进行了算例分析。考虑到我国部分地区在一定时期内的供电还属于电力公司垄断局面,电价将主要由电力公司的短期边际发电成本决定,同时也为避免实时现货电价风险建模的复杂性,第五章首先基于电力公司边际发电成本的不确定性建立了IPP与电力公司之间的中长期电力合约模型,结合期权定价思想,以独力电厂单位电量期望报酬最大为目标函数,给出了电厂与电力公司之间的合约电价及中断电价的确定方法。对电力用户侧也用同样的方法进行了分析和建模。对模型中计入电力用户用电需求不确定性的情况也进行了讨论,并且给予电力用户购电量多退少补的权利。采用Matlab6.1的算例分析说明了所建模型的合理性及其特性和功能。
The worldwide restructuring and deregulation of electric power industry has led to an active electricity market with much more risks to market participants that they did not have to face during the regulated era. Forward contracts and optional forward contracts have become effective tools for risk management and bilateral transaction in electricity markets. Risk modelling of electric forward contracts and strategies of electric contracts transaction under power market based on POOL operation are mainly studied in this paper. In primary stage of electricity market, the issue of how to assign the volume of electric forward contracts for IPP in order to gain the minimum risk and stable profits with condition of electric contracts, which cannot be freely sold or bought, is discussed firstly after comparing electricity market different structures. Then it presents a solution to optimise volume of electric contracts under condition of contracts can be sold or bought freely. Purchaser's strategies of transaction in
     each spot scheduling under the same condition is given. A numerical example based on Matlab shows efficiency of the proposed approach. The thesis focuses on theoretical studies of risk modelling of forward contracts in chapters. The case of electricity in our country is that there are still some areas with power market oligopoly by local utilities and the electric price is determined by marginal cost of generation, so modelling marginal cost of power generation uncertainty in electricity forward contracts between IPP and utilities as well as consumers and utilities are designed. The method of pricing with option ideas for interruptible electric power is discussed between IPPs and utilities considering maximization profits of IPP as target function. The approach is used for analysing between consumers and utilities. Then modelling consumer's demand uncertainty in electricity forward contracts is developed. A detailed calculation example based on Matlab is given to show the model applicable.
引文
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