激光三维深雕系统的软件开发研究
摘要
随着激光雕刻技术更多的融入计算机图形学、信息技术等学科的知识,激光雕刻的应用范围得到了极大的拓展,二维标刻、三维内雕、雕刻平台组件等等已得到了较好的发展,而关于复杂图形的三维深雕的报道和研究则较少。本论文针对三维深雕系统里的重点和难点,提出了两种算法方案,并结合三维显示技术,开发出三维深雕系统软件。本论文主要的创新工作可总结如下:
(1)分析多种三维图形格式,考虑到通用性、来源和空间特性等,选用STL格式文件作为三维深雕的研究对象以及系统对外交互的接口。
(2)兼顾激光雕刻特点,针对三维图像空间遮挡问题,提出了盒子体数据结构。在认真分析STL格式三维特性基础上,提出了两种三维深雕算法方案:基于盒子体结构的分层切片算法和射线算法。
(3)基于MFC,结合OpenGL技术,开发了激光三维深雕软件,包含多个模块,完成文件载入、算法处理、三维显示与控制、数据处理等操作,并对用户体验进行了研究和优化。软件运用三维显示技术,对源图像和处理结果进行三维的模拟仿真,提供直观的模拟结果,以便反馈修改参数,促进算法处理。
(4)对算法模型的可行性进行了大量的研究和实践,并根据验证的结果反馈改进算法,从时间复杂度和空间复杂度两方面对算法进行了优化。
(5)采用实验室自主研发的激光三维深雕设备,搭建平台,在铝材、石材、铸铁、黄铜等多种材料上进行算法模型验证和工程实践,实现三维深雕。
本论文最后给出了几个在不同材料上的三维深雕实例,并对本课题的下一步研究提出了一些看法和建议。
Laser engraving technology is a practical and new processing technology. With more and more disciplines being used into the laser processing, the applicat-ion range of laser engraving has been greatly expanded. The development of two-dimensional marking, three-dimensional inside engraving and platform components for engraving is good, but it is reported rarely that three-dimensional(3D) deep carving of complex graphics are done. In allusion to the keystone and difficulty of the deep carving system, two algorithms are put forward. With integrating the technology of 3D display, the software of 3D deep carving system is developed. The main innovation in this paper can be summarized as follows:
(1) Considering the characteristics of laser engraving and the problem of 3D covering, the data structure of box body is put forward.
(2) Choose Stereo Lithography(STL) format file as the object of research for 3D engraving and the interaction interface of the system.
(3) Two algorithms are put forward: slice algorithm and ray algorithm. Study and validate the feasibility of algorithm model. Considering actual conditions, the time complexity and space complexity of algorithms are optimized.
(4) Based on MFC, with OpenGL technology, the laser 3D engraving software is developed. Study and optimize the user experience.
(5) Adopting 3D deep carving equipment self-developed by our laboratory, build the 3D carving platform. Experiment on the aluminum material, stone material and so on.
In the end of the paper, several 3D carving instances based on different materials are given. And some views and suggestions about further study are proposed.
(1)分析多种三维图形格式,考虑到通用性、来源和空间特性等,选用STL格式文件作为三维深雕的研究对象以及系统对外交互的接口。
(2)兼顾激光雕刻特点,针对三维图像空间遮挡问题,提出了盒子体数据结构。在认真分析STL格式三维特性基础上,提出了两种三维深雕算法方案:基于盒子体结构的分层切片算法和射线算法。
(3)基于MFC,结合OpenGL技术,开发了激光三维深雕软件,包含多个模块,完成文件载入、算法处理、三维显示与控制、数据处理等操作,并对用户体验进行了研究和优化。软件运用三维显示技术,对源图像和处理结果进行三维的模拟仿真,提供直观的模拟结果,以便反馈修改参数,促进算法处理。
(4)对算法模型的可行性进行了大量的研究和实践,并根据验证的结果反馈改进算法,从时间复杂度和空间复杂度两方面对算法进行了优化。
(5)采用实验室自主研发的激光三维深雕设备,搭建平台,在铝材、石材、铸铁、黄铜等多种材料上进行算法模型验证和工程实践,实现三维深雕。
本论文最后给出了几个在不同材料上的三维深雕实例,并对本课题的下一步研究提出了一些看法和建议。
Laser engraving technology is a practical and new processing technology. With more and more disciplines being used into the laser processing, the applicat-ion range of laser engraving has been greatly expanded. The development of two-dimensional marking, three-dimensional inside engraving and platform components for engraving is good, but it is reported rarely that three-dimensional(3D) deep carving of complex graphics are done. In allusion to the keystone and difficulty of the deep carving system, two algorithms are put forward. With integrating the technology of 3D display, the software of 3D deep carving system is developed. The main innovation in this paper can be summarized as follows:
(1) Considering the characteristics of laser engraving and the problem of 3D covering, the data structure of box body is put forward.
(2) Choose Stereo Lithography(STL) format file as the object of research for 3D engraving and the interaction interface of the system.
(3) Two algorithms are put forward: slice algorithm and ray algorithm. Study and validate the feasibility of algorithm model. Considering actual conditions, the time complexity and space complexity of algorithms are optimized.
(4) Based on MFC, with OpenGL technology, the laser 3D engraving software is developed. Study and optimize the user experience.
(5) Adopting 3D deep carving equipment self-developed by our laboratory, build the 3D carving platform. Experiment on the aluminum material, stone material and so on.
In the end of the paper, several 3D carving instances based on different materials are given. And some views and suggestions about further study are proposed.
引文
[1]刘俊杰,闫鹏,李光仲等.激光加工技术.物理通报, 2009, (08): 1~3
[2]邓树森.我国激光加工产业现状及市场展望.光机电信息, 2007, (02): 1~2
[3]王一川.高效激光加工技术.现代制造, 2007, (13): 33~33
[4]张昱.三维机械雕刻机的研制: [硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学图书馆, 2002
[5]李欣欣.超大幅面激光雕刻机应用软件的研究: [硕士学位论文].秦皇岛:燕山大学图书馆, 2005
[6] Ya Cheng, Koji Sugioka, Katsumi Midorikawa et al. Three-dimensional micro-optical components embedded in photosensitive glass by a femtosecond laser. Opt. Lett, 2003, (28): 1144~1146
[7]揭彦秋.激光内雕工业的发展状况.光机电信息, 2007, (04): 1~2
[8]余国虎,曾晓雁.一种新的激光三维雕刻技术研究.中国高新技术企业, 2010, (27): 13~14
[9]张昱,刘志峰.经济型三维机械雕刻机的开发.机械制造与自动化, 2006, (04): 28~31
[10]蒋毅,蒋明.基于PCI的激光标刻控制系统研究.现代电子技术, 2009, (06): 4~5
[11]李德骏.大幅面三维激光雕刻机的设计.武汉科技学院学报, 2005, (11): 2~3
[12] Mr K. F. Leong, C. K. Chua, Y. M. Ng. A study of stereo lithography file errors and repair. Part 1. Generic solution The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1996, (12): 6~7
[13]朱虎,杨忠凤,张伟. STL文件的应用与研究进展.机床与液压, 2009, (06): 65~66
[14]王从军,郭丽华,黄树槐. CAD文件的STL格式转换.计算机辅助设计与制造, 2001, (01): 15~16
[15]张贞贞,陈定方.基于VC的STL文件读取.熊健民.武汉机械设计与传动学会2008年学术年会论文集(1),武汉:湖北工业大学学报. 2008, 3~4
[16]卫炜,周来水,张丽艳.海量STL文件的快速读取与显示.机械科学与技术, 2006, (08): 12~13
[17] Qu X Z, Brent S. A 3D surface offset method for STL-format models. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2003, 9 (3): 113 ~141
[18] Alliez P, Got sman C. Recent advances in compression of 3D meshes Proceedings of the Symposium on Multiresolution in Geometric Modeling, Cambridge, 2003: 3226
[19]王丽丽.基于邻域关系的STL文件拓扑重建技术.机械制造与自动化, 2008, (03): 6~7
[20]安涛,戴宁,廖文和等.基于红黑树的STL数据快速拓扑重建算法.机械科学与技术, 2008, (08): 11~12
[21]吴斌,毕丽蕴. OpenGL编程实例与技巧. (第1版).北京:人民邮电出版社, 1999. 46~51
[22] McReynolds, Tom Blythe, David. Advanced Graphics Programming Using OpenGL. (First Edition). New York: Elsevier Science Ltd. 2005. 54~66
[23]和平鸽工作室编. OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发. (第1版).北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2003: 164~165
[24] Astle, Dave Hawkins, Kevin. Beginning Opengl Game Programming. (First Edition). New York: Course Technology Ptr. 2005: 32~35
[25]李颖. OpenGL函数与范例解析手册. (第1版).北京:国防工业出版社. 2002: 30~35
[26] Richard S, Wright, Nicholas Haemel et al. OpenGl SuperBible. (First Edition). New York: Macmillan Computer Pub. 2005: 37~47
[27] Randi J, Bill Licea-Kane, Dan GinsburgJohn M et al. OpenGL Shading Language. (First Edition). New York: Addison-Wesley Professional. 2005: 54~61
[28]姜卫东.基于OpenGL的三维函数图像绘制: [硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学图书馆. 2007
[29]匡天君,滕远道,王乘等.基于MFC和OpenGL三维图形的开发.微计算机信息.2004, (06): 54~55
[30]胡伟,王弘.如何在VC++中用MFC进行OpenGL编程.计算机应用. 2001, (08): 24~25
[31]李继平,宋丹路.基于OpenGL的STL文件显示核心技术与实现.第13届全国特种加工学术会议论文集, 1994~2010, 526~529
[32] JACKIE NEIDER, TOM DAVIS, MASON WOO. OpenGL Programming Guide. (First Edition). New York: Addison-Wesley. 2008: 67~71
[33]徐白.激光打标的物理机制研究: [硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学图书馆, 2006: 41~43
[34] P. Peyre, R. Fabbro. Laser shock processing: a review of the physics and applications. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 1995, 27(12): 23~26
[35]赵巍,撒昱.激光标刻系统研究综述.天津工程师范学院学报, 2006, (01): 6~7
[36] Q. Zhong, Y. Shi, J. Mo et al. A Linear Cross-Coupled Control System for High-Speed Machining. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2002, 19(8): 24~26
[37]宁国勤,朱中煜,朱绍文等.激光打标中图形图像的处理.激光技术, 2002, (04): 23~25
[38]王文平,吴向东.激光打标中的图像处理技术.机电工程技术, 2004, (08): 15~16
[39]郑德华.点云数据直接缩减方法及缩减效果研究.测绘工程, 2006, (04): 7~8
[40]赵保军,汪苏,陈五一. STL数据模型的快速切片算法.北京航空航天大学学报, 2004, (04): 11~12
[41]孙殿柱,朱昌志,李延瑞.三角网格曲面模型快速分层算法.北京航空航天大学学报, 2010, (03): 8~9
[42]杜俊贤,陈定方,陈云.基于STL的三维网格剖分研究.湖北工业大学学报. 2008, 13~14
[43] Y. S. Liao, Y. Y. Chiu. A New Slicing Procedure for Rapid Prototyping Systems. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2001, 18(8): 13~16
[44]毛红奎,毛卫民,侯华.基于STL文件的非均匀网格剖分技术研究.系统仿真技术, 2008, (03): 9~10
[45]陶业荣,张义军,裴彬等.基于射线追踪法的移动通信信道建模分析.无线电通信技术, 2010, (02): 13~14
[46] Radu Coman, Dirk Gajewski. Traveltime computation by wavefront-orientated ray tracing. Geophysical Prospecting, 2005, 53(1): 23~36
[47] Danilo R. Velis, Tadeusz J, Ulrych. Simulated annealing ray tracing in complex three-dimensional media. Geophysical Journal International, 2001, 145(2): 447~459
[48] STURM C, SORGEL W, KAYSER T et al. Deterministic UWB wave propagation modeling for localization applications based on 3D ray tracing. Proc of IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest. 2006: 2003~2006
[49]严蔚敏,吴伟明.数据结构. (第1版).北京:清华大学出版社, 2002. 15~15
[50] Guillaume Caumon, Fran?ois Lepage, Charles H. Sword et al. Building and Editing a Sealed Geological Model. Mathematical Geology, 2004, 36(4): 36~36
[51] Ben Gorte, Norbert Pfeifer. Structuring Laser-Scanned Trees Using 3D Mathematical Morphology. ISPRS, 2004. 3(9): 12~14
[2]邓树森.我国激光加工产业现状及市场展望.光机电信息, 2007, (02): 1~2
[3]王一川.高效激光加工技术.现代制造, 2007, (13): 33~33
[4]张昱.三维机械雕刻机的研制: [硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学图书馆, 2002
[5]李欣欣.超大幅面激光雕刻机应用软件的研究: [硕士学位论文].秦皇岛:燕山大学图书馆, 2005
[6] Ya Cheng, Koji Sugioka, Katsumi Midorikawa et al. Three-dimensional micro-optical components embedded in photosensitive glass by a femtosecond laser. Opt. Lett, 2003, (28): 1144~1146
[7]揭彦秋.激光内雕工业的发展状况.光机电信息, 2007, (04): 1~2
[8]余国虎,曾晓雁.一种新的激光三维雕刻技术研究.中国高新技术企业, 2010, (27): 13~14
[9]张昱,刘志峰.经济型三维机械雕刻机的开发.机械制造与自动化, 2006, (04): 28~31
[10]蒋毅,蒋明.基于PCI的激光标刻控制系统研究.现代电子技术, 2009, (06): 4~5
[11]李德骏.大幅面三维激光雕刻机的设计.武汉科技学院学报, 2005, (11): 2~3
[12] Mr K. F. Leong, C. K. Chua, Y. M. Ng. A study of stereo lithography file errors and repair. Part 1. Generic solution The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1996, (12): 6~7
[13]朱虎,杨忠凤,张伟. STL文件的应用与研究进展.机床与液压, 2009, (06): 65~66
[14]王从军,郭丽华,黄树槐. CAD文件的STL格式转换.计算机辅助设计与制造, 2001, (01): 15~16
[15]张贞贞,陈定方.基于VC的STL文件读取.熊健民.武汉机械设计与传动学会2008年学术年会论文集(1),武汉:湖北工业大学学报. 2008, 3~4
[16]卫炜,周来水,张丽艳.海量STL文件的快速读取与显示.机械科学与技术, 2006, (08): 12~13
[17] Qu X Z, Brent S. A 3D surface offset method for STL-format models. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2003, 9 (3): 113 ~141
[18] Alliez P, Got sman C. Recent advances in compression of 3D meshes Proceedings of the Symposium on Multiresolution in Geometric Modeling, Cambridge, 2003: 3226
[19]王丽丽.基于邻域关系的STL文件拓扑重建技术.机械制造与自动化, 2008, (03): 6~7
[20]安涛,戴宁,廖文和等.基于红黑树的STL数据快速拓扑重建算法.机械科学与技术, 2008, (08): 11~12
[21]吴斌,毕丽蕴. OpenGL编程实例与技巧. (第1版).北京:人民邮电出版社, 1999. 46~51
[22] McReynolds, Tom Blythe, David. Advanced Graphics Programming Using OpenGL. (First Edition). New York: Elsevier Science Ltd. 2005. 54~66
[23]和平鸽工作室编. OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发. (第1版).北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2003: 164~165
[24] Astle, Dave Hawkins, Kevin. Beginning Opengl Game Programming. (First Edition). New York: Course Technology Ptr. 2005: 32~35
[25]李颖. OpenGL函数与范例解析手册. (第1版).北京:国防工业出版社. 2002: 30~35
[26] Richard S, Wright, Nicholas Haemel et al. OpenGl SuperBible. (First Edition). New York: Macmillan Computer Pub. 2005: 37~47
[27] Randi J, Bill Licea-Kane, Dan GinsburgJohn M et al. OpenGL Shading Language. (First Edition). New York: Addison-Wesley Professional. 2005: 54~61
[28]姜卫东.基于OpenGL的三维函数图像绘制: [硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学图书馆. 2007
[29]匡天君,滕远道,王乘等.基于MFC和OpenGL三维图形的开发.微计算机信息.2004, (06): 54~55
[30]胡伟,王弘.如何在VC++中用MFC进行OpenGL编程.计算机应用. 2001, (08): 24~25
[31]李继平,宋丹路.基于OpenGL的STL文件显示核心技术与实现.第13届全国特种加工学术会议论文集, 1994~2010, 526~529
[32] JACKIE NEIDER, TOM DAVIS, MASON WOO. OpenGL Programming Guide. (First Edition). New York: Addison-Wesley. 2008: 67~71
[33]徐白.激光打标的物理机制研究: [硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学图书馆, 2006: 41~43
[34] P. Peyre, R. Fabbro. Laser shock processing: a review of the physics and applications. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 1995, 27(12): 23~26
[35]赵巍,撒昱.激光标刻系统研究综述.天津工程师范学院学报, 2006, (01): 6~7
[36] Q. Zhong, Y. Shi, J. Mo et al. A Linear Cross-Coupled Control System for High-Speed Machining. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2002, 19(8): 24~26
[37]宁国勤,朱中煜,朱绍文等.激光打标中图形图像的处理.激光技术, 2002, (04): 23~25
[38]王文平,吴向东.激光打标中的图像处理技术.机电工程技术, 2004, (08): 15~16
[39]郑德华.点云数据直接缩减方法及缩减效果研究.测绘工程, 2006, (04): 7~8
[40]赵保军,汪苏,陈五一. STL数据模型的快速切片算法.北京航空航天大学学报, 2004, (04): 11~12
[41]孙殿柱,朱昌志,李延瑞.三角网格曲面模型快速分层算法.北京航空航天大学学报, 2010, (03): 8~9
[42]杜俊贤,陈定方,陈云.基于STL的三维网格剖分研究.湖北工业大学学报. 2008, 13~14
[43] Y. S. Liao, Y. Y. Chiu. A New Slicing Procedure for Rapid Prototyping Systems. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2001, 18(8): 13~16
[44]毛红奎,毛卫民,侯华.基于STL文件的非均匀网格剖分技术研究.系统仿真技术, 2008, (03): 9~10
[45]陶业荣,张义军,裴彬等.基于射线追踪法的移动通信信道建模分析.无线电通信技术, 2010, (02): 13~14
[46] Radu Coman, Dirk Gajewski. Traveltime computation by wavefront-orientated ray tracing. Geophysical Prospecting, 2005, 53(1): 23~36
[47] Danilo R. Velis, Tadeusz J, Ulrych. Simulated annealing ray tracing in complex three-dimensional media. Geophysical Journal International, 2001, 145(2): 447~459
[48] STURM C, SORGEL W, KAYSER T et al. Deterministic UWB wave propagation modeling for localization applications based on 3D ray tracing. Proc of IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest. 2006: 2003~2006
[49]严蔚敏,吴伟明.数据结构. (第1版).北京:清华大学出版社, 2002. 15~15
[50] Guillaume Caumon, Fran?ois Lepage, Charles H. Sword et al. Building and Editing a Sealed Geological Model. Mathematical Geology, 2004, 36(4): 36~36
[51] Ben Gorte, Norbert Pfeifer. Structuring Laser-Scanned Trees Using 3D Mathematical Morphology. ISPRS, 2004. 3(9): 12~14