基于J2EE技术的协同编著系统应用研究
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摘要
计算机支持的协同工作(Computer Supported Cooperative Work,CSCW)是指一组用户在计算机网络的支持下，在不同地域相互通信、协作完成某一共同的任务。CSCW系统融汇了计算机的交互性、网络的分布性以及多媒体的综合性，使不同专业的群体成员可跨越地理分布的差异共同完成协作任务，其广泛应用已经对人们的工作方式和生活方式产生了深远的影响。
在协同工作的研究不断深入的今天，基于CSCW概念的协同编著系统已经成为一项重要而且独立的研究课题。协同编著，是由多人参与的基于一定协同控制机制的产生一个具体文档的协同活动过程，也就是说，我们对协同编著的过程加以强调，并承认协同控制机制在整个活动过程中的重要地位。
本课题受北京市教育委员会的资助，其研究重点将集中在两个方面：一方面是如何实现技术上的革新，如何充分利用新兴技术来适合不断发展和变更的需求；另一方面则要解决通用性和用户需求特殊性间的矛盾，更好的为现实中的协同编著工作提供信息化的模拟，同时按照以人为本的原则密切注意编著工作人员的心理倾向。
我们在研究时，设计将协同编著系统架构在日渐成熟的J2EE技术之上，从而把协同编著系统的研究和开发从应用程序级提升到平台级，系统将不仅仅支持单一的协同编著任务产生单一的编著文档，更是多个任务多个文档之间的协同基础。同时，我们将现实中的协同编著工作任务划分为协同版本编著和协同讨论会议两个部分，并根据两个部分的特点分别提供了基于操作增量版本树的协同版本控制机制和基于公有与私有讨论区域划分的协同讨论机制，并提供了一套全新的协同编辑器逻辑视图结构。
本论文介绍了该课题的相关背景，概述了J2EE技术，设计了基于J2EE技术的协同编著系统体系结构，并讨论了系统在设计实现时的关键问题和技术。
Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) means that a group of users in different places communicate and cooperate to complete one single task under the support of computer network. The system involves the interaction of computer, the distribution of network and the integration of multimedia. In the system, people of different profession can work cooperatively. Its wide application has already made definite and profound effect on people's work and life.
Nowadays, with the further research of CSCW, CSCW concept based Cooperative Authoring System has become an important and independent research subject. Cooperative Authoring means that a certain group of people cooperate to complete an authoring task, and it bases on certain cooperative mechanism. We emphasize on the process of the cooperative authoring task, and admit the importance of cooperative mechanism.
This task is imbursed by Beijing Education Committee. It focuses on two aspects of Cooperative Authoring System: How to realize the reformation on technology, how to take full advantage of the new technology to adapt to developing requirements; How to make balance between generality and particularity, how to conclude an informational simulation of the real cooperative authoring task, and how to pay enough attention to the psychology of all the cooperating participants.
We construct the Cooperative Authoring System on J2EE technology, upgrade the research and realization from application to platform. The system is not only to serve one single task and generate one single document, but also a cooperative basis among multiple tasks and multiple documents. We divide the real cooperative authoring task into two parts, cooperative edition authoring and cooperative conference. We offer the former operation-increment-edition-tree based cooperative authoring mechanism, and offer the latter public-and-private-area based cooperative mechanism. We also bring forward a whole new logic view of the cooperating editor.
This thesis introduces the research background, summarizes J2EE related technology, designs the J2EE based Cooperative Authoring Architecture, and expatiates some key problems and techniques as well.
在协同工作的研究不断深入的今天，基于CSCW概念的协同编著系统已经成为一项重要而且独立的研究课题。协同编著，是由多人参与的基于一定协同控制机制的产生一个具体文档的协同活动过程，也就是说，我们对协同编著的过程加以强调，并承认协同控制机制在整个活动过程中的重要地位。
本课题受北京市教育委员会的资助，其研究重点将集中在两个方面：一方面是如何实现技术上的革新，如何充分利用新兴技术来适合不断发展和变更的需求；另一方面则要解决通用性和用户需求特殊性间的矛盾，更好的为现实中的协同编著工作提供信息化的模拟，同时按照以人为本的原则密切注意编著工作人员的心理倾向。
我们在研究时，设计将协同编著系统架构在日渐成熟的J2EE技术之上，从而把协同编著系统的研究和开发从应用程序级提升到平台级，系统将不仅仅支持单一的协同编著任务产生单一的编著文档，更是多个任务多个文档之间的协同基础。同时，我们将现实中的协同编著工作任务划分为协同版本编著和协同讨论会议两个部分，并根据两个部分的特点分别提供了基于操作增量版本树的协同版本控制机制和基于公有与私有讨论区域划分的协同讨论机制，并提供了一套全新的协同编辑器逻辑视图结构。
本论文介绍了该课题的相关背景，概述了J2EE技术，设计了基于J2EE技术的协同编著系统体系结构，并讨论了系统在设计实现时的关键问题和技术。
Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) means that a group of users in different places communicate and cooperate to complete one single task under the support of computer network. The system involves the interaction of computer, the distribution of network and the integration of multimedia. In the system, people of different profession can work cooperatively. Its wide application has already made definite and profound effect on people's work and life.
Nowadays, with the further research of CSCW, CSCW concept based Cooperative Authoring System has become an important and independent research subject. Cooperative Authoring means that a certain group of people cooperate to complete an authoring task, and it bases on certain cooperative mechanism. We emphasize on the process of the cooperative authoring task, and admit the importance of cooperative mechanism.
This task is imbursed by Beijing Education Committee. It focuses on two aspects of Cooperative Authoring System: How to realize the reformation on technology, how to take full advantage of the new technology to adapt to developing requirements; How to make balance between generality and particularity, how to conclude an informational simulation of the real cooperative authoring task, and how to pay enough attention to the psychology of all the cooperating participants.
We construct the Cooperative Authoring System on J2EE technology, upgrade the research and realization from application to platform. The system is not only to serve one single task and generate one single document, but also a cooperative basis among multiple tasks and multiple documents. We divide the real cooperative authoring task into two parts, cooperative edition authoring and cooperative conference. We offer the former operation-increment-edition-tree based cooperative authoring mechanism, and offer the latter public-and-private-area based cooperative mechanism. We also bring forward a whole new logic view of the cooperating editor.
This thesis introduces the research background, summarizes J2EE related technology, designs the J2EE based Cooperative Authoring Architecture, and expatiates some key problems and techniques as well.
引文
1 史美林，向勇，伍尚广．协同科学——从“协同学”到CSCW．清华大学学报，第37卷第1期，1997年1月，p85～88
2 史美林，杨光信．计算机支持的协同工作：过去、现在和未来．计算机研究与发展，第36卷增刊，1999年7月，p149～154
3 史美林，向勇，杨光信．计算机支持的协同工作理论与应用．电子工业出版社，2000年12月
4 倪强、朱光喜．计算机支持下的协同工作的研究现状综述．计算机工程与应用，2000年，第4期，5～7页
5 B.Sapsomboon, R.Andriati, L.Roberts and M.B.Spring. Software to Aid Collaboration: Focus on Collaborative Authoring. http://www.sis.pitt.edu
6 Sten Minor and Boris Magnusson. A Model for Semi-(a)Synchronous Collaborative Editing. In G. De Michelis et al(Eds), ECSCW'93: Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 13-17 September 1993, Milan, Italy
7 C.A.Ellis, J.Wainer. Team Automata for Groupware Systems. Proceedings of ACM SIGGRO-UP'97, pp415-424, 1997
8 M.Ressel, D. Nitsche-Ruhland, and R.Gunzenhauser. An Integrating, Transformation- Orien- ted Approach to Concurrency Control and Undo in Group Editor. Proceedings Of the CSCW'96, Cambridge MA USA, 1996, 288-1297
9 Kathy Spurr etc. Computer Support for Cooperative Works: CSCW Introduction, ppⅹⅹⅲⅹⅹⅳ. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1994
10 C.Z.Sun, C.CEllis. Operational Transformation in Real-time Group Editors: Issues, Algorithms, and Achievements. Proceedings of ACM Conf on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Seattle, 1998, 59-68
11 Mark Handley, J.Corwcroft, C.Bormann. The Internet Multimedia Conferencing Architecture. INTERNET-DRAFT, 1996.2
12 FabioVitali. Collaborative Authoring on the Web. http://www. ktic.com
13 J.Muson, P. Dewan. A Concurrency Control Framework for Collaborative Systems. In: Proc of ACM Conf on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Cambridge, 1996, 278-287
14 C.R.Palmer, G.V. Cormack. Opeartion transforms for a distributed shared spreadsheet. In: Proc Of ACM Conf on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Seattle, 1998, 69-78
15 M.Suleiman, M.Cart, J.Ferrie. Serialization of Concurrent Operations in a Distributed Collaborative Enviroment. In: Proc Of ACM SIGGROUP Conf on Supporting Group Work, Phoenix, 1997, 435-445
16 齐悦．多媒体会议系统管理与控制策略的实现．清华大学硕士学位论文，1997年5月
17 徐保民，徐爱琴，李峰．协同编辑器中版本管理的设计与实现．计算机工程与应用，2002年5月，134～136
18 战洪飞，李荣彬，顾新建．基于异地协同技术的网上虚拟课堂系统研究．计算机工程与应用，2002年10月，44～46
19 C.H.Xia. UML's Modeling Applied in Web Applications. Proceedings of 6th International
Conference for Younger Computer Scientists (ICYCS). Hangzhou, 2001年11月
20 C.A.Ellis, J.Wainer(1994). A Conceptual Model of Groupware. Proc. ACM CSCW'94, 1994, 79-88
21 J.A Robinson. Communications Services Architecture for CSCW. Computer Communications, Vol.17, No.5, May 1994, 339-347
22 Gao Qiang, Xu Baomin, Li Shouxun. Research on Some Implementation Approaches in Cooperative Editor. Proc. of The Third International Workshop on CSCW in Design, 1998.07
23 Michael Koch. Design Issues and Model for a Distributed Multi-User Editor. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, An International Journal, 3(3-4), 1995
24 Beaudouin, Lafon. Transparency and Awareness in a Real-Time Groupware System. Proceedings of 5th ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology
25 H.Abdel Wahab. Using Java for Multimedia Collborative Applications. Proceedings of PROMS'96: Third International Workshop on Protocols for Multimedia Systems, Madrid, 1996-10, 49-62
26 H.Abdel-Wahab. An Internet Collaborative Environment for Sharing Java Applications. To Appear in the 5th IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems(FTDCS'97), Tunis, Tunisia, 1997-10, 29-31
27 HuangYihua, ZhangFuyan, JiYuan, YouXiaobai. The Distribution, Cooperation and Hyper-linking Mechanism for a Hypermedia Document System Based on CSCW. In Proceedings of International Workshop on CSCW in Design, Beijing, 1996, 531～539
28 Subrahmanyam Allamaraju, etc. Professional Java Server Programming, J2EE Edition. Wrox Press. 2000
29 Bruce Eckel. Thinking in Java, 2nd Edition, Release 8. Prentice-Hall, 2000.06
30 王超峰，范伟宏，赵振西．一种支持协同写作的系统模型．小型微型计算机系统．Vol．20，No．3，1999年3月
31 陈岭，陈挺，陈根才．利用Java实现基于Web的同步协同编辑器．计算机工程，Vol．27，No．4，2001年4月
32 裴云彰，史元春，徐光．分布式计算模式下的协同编著系统．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．Vol．40，No．1，2000
33 王俊，周敬利，余胜生．共享白板协同操作的设计．华中科技大学学报．Vol．29，No．4，2001年4月
34 陈晓苏，邓凡，肖道举．协同编著系统实现中的若干问题探讨．华中理工大学学报．Vol．28，No．4，2000年4月
35 彭维，莫蓉，范晓坤，张铁昌．基于消息通信的同步协同设计技术．小型微型计算机系统．Vol．22，No．6，2000年6月
36 孙煜华，卢坚，孙赛，黄宜华，张福炎．WWW文档协同写作系统客户端文档目录树的设计与实现．小型微型计算机系统．Vol．20，No．4，2000年4月
37 曹健，张有良，黄双喜，周心广．计算机支持下的协同设计及其环境研究。计算机工程与应用．1999年3月
38 尹绯．基于矢量图的协同编著环境与协同机制的研究．北京工业大学工学硕士学位论文，2000年5月
39 鲁东明，鲍宏伟，潘云鹤．多媒体文档协同编著系统的关键技术研究．通信学报．Vol．20，No．9，1999年9月
40 高翔，赵正德．协同编著系统中技术应用的研究XML．计算机工程，2002年8月，
71～73
41 王继成，孙颖，黄宜华，张福炎．WWW文档协同写作系统中通信中间件的设计与实现．小型微型计算机系统．Vol．21，No．3，2000年3月
42 孙颖，孙煜华，冯坚，黄宜华，张福炎．WWW文档协同写作系统中写作服务器的设计与实现．小型微型计算机系统．Vol．21，No．1，2000年1月
2 史美林，杨光信．计算机支持的协同工作：过去、现在和未来．计算机研究与发展，第36卷增刊，1999年7月，p149～154
3 史美林，向勇，杨光信．计算机支持的协同工作理论与应用．电子工业出版社，2000年12月
4 倪强、朱光喜．计算机支持下的协同工作的研究现状综述．计算机工程与应用，2000年，第4期，5～7页
5 B.Sapsomboon, R.Andriati, L.Roberts and M.B.Spring. Software to Aid Collaboration: Focus on Collaborative Authoring. http://www.sis.pitt.edu
6 Sten Minor and Boris Magnusson. A Model for Semi-(a)Synchronous Collaborative Editing. In G. De Michelis et al(Eds), ECSCW'93: Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 13-17 September 1993, Milan, Italy
7 C.A.Ellis, J.Wainer. Team Automata for Groupware Systems. Proceedings of ACM SIGGRO-UP'97, pp415-424, 1997
8 M.Ressel, D. Nitsche-Ruhland, and R.Gunzenhauser. An Integrating, Transformation- Orien- ted Approach to Concurrency Control and Undo in Group Editor. Proceedings Of the CSCW'96, Cambridge MA USA, 1996, 288-1297
9 Kathy Spurr etc. Computer Support for Cooperative Works: CSCW Introduction, ppⅹⅹⅲⅹⅹⅳ. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1994
10 C.Z.Sun, C.CEllis. Operational Transformation in Real-time Group Editors: Issues, Algorithms, and Achievements. Proceedings of ACM Conf on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Seattle, 1998, 59-68
11 Mark Handley, J.Corwcroft, C.Bormann. The Internet Multimedia Conferencing Architecture. INTERNET-DRAFT, 1996.2
12 FabioVitali. Collaborative Authoring on the Web. http://www. ktic.com
13 J.Muson, P. Dewan. A Concurrency Control Framework for Collaborative Systems. In: Proc of ACM Conf on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Cambridge, 1996, 278-287
14 C.R.Palmer, G.V. Cormack. Opeartion transforms for a distributed shared spreadsheet. In: Proc Of ACM Conf on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Seattle, 1998, 69-78
15 M.Suleiman, M.Cart, J.Ferrie. Serialization of Concurrent Operations in a Distributed Collaborative Enviroment. In: Proc Of ACM SIGGROUP Conf on Supporting Group Work, Phoenix, 1997, 435-445
16 齐悦．多媒体会议系统管理与控制策略的实现．清华大学硕士学位论文，1997年5月
17 徐保民，徐爱琴，李峰．协同编辑器中版本管理的设计与实现．计算机工程与应用，2002年5月，134～136
18 战洪飞，李荣彬，顾新建．基于异地协同技术的网上虚拟课堂系统研究．计算机工程与应用，2002年10月，44～46
19 C.H.Xia. UML's Modeling Applied in Web Applications. Proceedings of 6th International
Conference for Younger Computer Scientists (ICYCS). Hangzhou, 2001年11月
20 C.A.Ellis, J.Wainer(1994). A Conceptual Model of Groupware. Proc. ACM CSCW'94, 1994, 79-88
21 J.A Robinson. Communications Services Architecture for CSCW. Computer Communications, Vol.17, No.5, May 1994, 339-347
22 Gao Qiang, Xu Baomin, Li Shouxun. Research on Some Implementation Approaches in Cooperative Editor. Proc. of The Third International Workshop on CSCW in Design, 1998.07
23 Michael Koch. Design Issues and Model for a Distributed Multi-User Editor. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, An International Journal, 3(3-4), 1995
24 Beaudouin, Lafon. Transparency and Awareness in a Real-Time Groupware System. Proceedings of 5th ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology
25 H.Abdel Wahab. Using Java for Multimedia Collborative Applications. Proceedings of PROMS'96: Third International Workshop on Protocols for Multimedia Systems, Madrid, 1996-10, 49-62
26 H.Abdel-Wahab. An Internet Collaborative Environment for Sharing Java Applications. To Appear in the 5th IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems(FTDCS'97), Tunis, Tunisia, 1997-10, 29-31
27 HuangYihua, ZhangFuyan, JiYuan, YouXiaobai. The Distribution, Cooperation and Hyper-linking Mechanism for a Hypermedia Document System Based on CSCW. In Proceedings of International Workshop on CSCW in Design, Beijing, 1996, 531～539
28 Subrahmanyam Allamaraju, etc. Professional Java Server Programming, J2EE Edition. Wrox Press. 2000
29 Bruce Eckel. Thinking in Java, 2nd Edition, Release 8. Prentice-Hall, 2000.06
30 王超峰，范伟宏，赵振西．一种支持协同写作的系统模型．小型微型计算机系统．Vol．20，No．3，1999年3月
31 陈岭，陈挺，陈根才．利用Java实现基于Web的同步协同编辑器．计算机工程，Vol．27，No．4，2001年4月
32 裴云彰，史元春，徐光．分布式计算模式下的协同编著系统．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．Vol．40，No．1，2000
33 王俊，周敬利，余胜生．共享白板协同操作的设计．华中科技大学学报．Vol．29，No．4，2001年4月
34 陈晓苏，邓凡，肖道举．协同编著系统实现中的若干问题探讨．华中理工大学学报．Vol．28，No．4，2000年4月
35 彭维，莫蓉，范晓坤，张铁昌．基于消息通信的同步协同设计技术．小型微型计算机系统．Vol．22，No．6，2000年6月
36 孙煜华，卢坚，孙赛，黄宜华，张福炎．WWW文档协同写作系统客户端文档目录树的设计与实现．小型微型计算机系统．Vol．20，No．4，2000年4月
37 曹健，张有良，黄双喜，周心广．计算机支持下的协同设计及其环境研究。计算机工程与应用．1999年3月
38 尹绯．基于矢量图的协同编著环境与协同机制的研究．北京工业大学工学硕士学位论文，2000年5月
39 鲁东明，鲍宏伟，潘云鹤．多媒体文档协同编著系统的关键技术研究．通信学报．Vol．20，No．9，1999年9月
40 高翔，赵正德．协同编著系统中技术应用的研究XML．计算机工程，2002年8月，
71～73
41 王继成，孙颖，黄宜华，张福炎．WWW文档协同写作系统中通信中间件的设计与实现．小型微型计算机系统．Vol．21，No．3，2000年3月
42 孙颖，孙煜华，冯坚，黄宜华，张福炎．WWW文档协同写作系统中写作服务器的设计与实现．小型微型计算机系统．Vol．21，No．1，2000年1月