户用型离网光伏发电系统的研究与设计
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摘要
随着化石能源不断消耗,人类将面临能源短缺,以及污染不断加重的问题。太阳能作为取之不尽、清洁干净的资源成为人类开发研究的热点,并已经取得了显著的效果。作为分布式发电的理想能源,户用型离网光伏发电系统非常适合为偏远地区居民提供日常用电。本文讨论了光伏发电系统的发展状况以及应用前景,对户用型离网光伏发电系统进行了研究与设计。
本文以基于储能系统的离网型光伏发电系统为研究对象,阐述了户用型离网光伏发电的基本原理及其发展趋势。对光伏系统的最大功率追踪控制方法进行了分析。考虑到户用光伏系统的运行环境比较复杂,针对遮阴状态下传统最大功率点跟踪(Max Power point Tracking, MPPT)控制方法易陷入局部极值的问题,设计了带有粒子淘汰环节的改进型粒子群算法MPPT控制策略。通过仿真和实验研究了新算法的追踪性能,得出使用改进后的MPPT算法可以防止系统陷入局部极值并有效提高追踪效率的结论。
本文通过对超级电容和铅酸蓄电池两种储能器件进行性能分析,借鉴前人针对两种器件的混合储能系统的研究成果,提出改进型超级电容/蓄电池混合储能系统。实验表明,使用新的储能系统可以降低系统电压波动,并明显减少蓄电池充放电循环次数,从而延长了蓄电池的寿命。
文章给出了光伏系统的总体结构设计,MPPT控制框图,混合储能系统充电控制框图等,对电源模块、信号采集模块、驱动电路的设计和保护电路进行了研究设计,并给出了相应的仿真实验波形。
With the developing of the global economic, energy and pollution problem is becoming increasingly acute. As the renewable energy resources which are inexhaustible and definitely clean, solar power is being paid more and more attention by lots of countries. The stand-alone photovoltaic system is considered properly to provide the power to the people who live far away from the city. In this paper, the development situation and the application prospect are discussed, and the whole stand-alone photovoltaic system is designed.
In this paper, the basic principle of stand-alone photovoltaic system is introduced. And the characteristic and difference with the methods of maximum power point tracking is researched. As is known, all kinds of things stand around our house such as trees and wire pole. Solar array shaded by those tall things is not unusual. Under this condition, the traditional methods of MPPT control are no longer efficient. To solve this problem, the MPPT methods based on improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm is designed. Through the simulation and practice, it is demonstrated that new methods of MPPT can improve the velocity and efficiency of the system.
Based on the analysis of Lead acid battery and super capacitor, a control principle of hybrid energy storage system is brought up. As is proved thought the practice, new principle reduces the cycle number of Lead acid battery, and extends its life.
In this paper, structure of PV system, controlling flow of MPPT, controlling block of hybrid energy storage system is designed, and DC module, signal acquisition module, driving circuit and protecting circuit is designed. At last, the experimental waveforms are given.
本文以基于储能系统的离网型光伏发电系统为研究对象,阐述了户用型离网光伏发电的基本原理及其发展趋势。对光伏系统的最大功率追踪控制方法进行了分析。考虑到户用光伏系统的运行环境比较复杂,针对遮阴状态下传统最大功率点跟踪(Max Power point Tracking, MPPT)控制方法易陷入局部极值的问题,设计了带有粒子淘汰环节的改进型粒子群算法MPPT控制策略。通过仿真和实验研究了新算法的追踪性能,得出使用改进后的MPPT算法可以防止系统陷入局部极值并有效提高追踪效率的结论。
本文通过对超级电容和铅酸蓄电池两种储能器件进行性能分析,借鉴前人针对两种器件的混合储能系统的研究成果,提出改进型超级电容/蓄电池混合储能系统。实验表明,使用新的储能系统可以降低系统电压波动,并明显减少蓄电池充放电循环次数,从而延长了蓄电池的寿命。
文章给出了光伏系统的总体结构设计,MPPT控制框图,混合储能系统充电控制框图等,对电源模块、信号采集模块、驱动电路的设计和保护电路进行了研究设计,并给出了相应的仿真实验波形。
With the developing of the global economic, energy and pollution problem is becoming increasingly acute. As the renewable energy resources which are inexhaustible and definitely clean, solar power is being paid more and more attention by lots of countries. The stand-alone photovoltaic system is considered properly to provide the power to the people who live far away from the city. In this paper, the development situation and the application prospect are discussed, and the whole stand-alone photovoltaic system is designed.
In this paper, the basic principle of stand-alone photovoltaic system is introduced. And the characteristic and difference with the methods of maximum power point tracking is researched. As is known, all kinds of things stand around our house such as trees and wire pole. Solar array shaded by those tall things is not unusual. Under this condition, the traditional methods of MPPT control are no longer efficient. To solve this problem, the MPPT methods based on improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm is designed. Through the simulation and practice, it is demonstrated that new methods of MPPT can improve the velocity and efficiency of the system.
Based on the analysis of Lead acid battery and super capacitor, a control principle of hybrid energy storage system is brought up. As is proved thought the practice, new principle reduces the cycle number of Lead acid battery, and extends its life.
In this paper, structure of PV system, controlling flow of MPPT, controlling block of hybrid energy storage system is designed, and DC module, signal acquisition module, driving circuit and protecting circuit is designed. At last, the experimental waveforms are given.
引文
1.杨金焕,于化丛,葛亮.太阳能光伏发电应用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.1-18
2.李永,康巍.我国光伏发电的现状与前景[J].认证技术,2010(3):33-35
3.林闽,吕绍勤,等.太阳能家用电源市场化发展问题[J].可再生能源,2006(5):96-98
4.曹倩茹.光伏发电的最大功率跟踪研究研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].上海:东华大学,2006
5.杨贵恒,强生泽,张颖超,等.太阳能光伏发电系统及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.1-17
6.黄讯.我国光伏发电的现状及市场展望[J].中国环保产业,2003 (5):20-21
7.沈辉.太阳能光伏发电技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.1-10
8.吕贝,邱河梅,等.太阳能发电产业现状及发展[J].华电技术,2010,32(1):73-76
9.邓小南,光伏发电的未来趋势[J].价值工程,2010,29(21):215-217
10. Kalejs, J, Schroth, M Danyluk, S. A National Photovoltaic Industry Assessment for the USA: Needs, Corporate Structure and Building Blocks[C]. Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2006.2520-2523
11. Mori, N. Current status and future prospect of photovoltaic technologies in Japan[C]. Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2000.1730-1733
12. Kobayashi, T. Vision of the future of the photovoltaic industry in Japan[C]. Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2003.2538-2543
13.林安中,王斯成.国内外太阳电池和光伏发电的进展与前景[J].太阳能学报,1999(特刊):68-74
14.张作宇,王景燕,李燕青.光伏发电的现状和展望[J].科技信息,2010,2(17):352-402
15.虞华,郭宗林,陈光亚,等.新能源产业现状及发展趋势[J].中国电力,2011,44(1):83-85
16.胡阿芹,孟祺.我国太阳能光伏发电产业发展研究[J].湖北社会科学,2011(4):92-95
17.刘春娜.国内光伏发电市场动态[J].电源技术,2011,35(2):133-135
18.狄大卫,高兆利,韩见殊,等.应用光伏学[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2008.20—24
19.赵颖.独立运行光伏发电系统的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2009
20. Chee Wei Tan, Green T.C, Hernandez-Aramburo. A Current-Mode Controlled Maximum Power Point Tracking Converter for Building Integrated Photovoltaics. European Conference On Power Electronics and Applications[C], 2007.1-10
21.郑诗程.光伏发电系统及其控制的研究[D]:[博士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2004
22.刘文晋,王志新,史伟伟.基于双重Boost电路的大功率光伏MPPT控制器[J].现代建筑电气,2010,1(4):45-53
23. Eun-Soo Kim, Yoon-Ho Kim. A ZVZCS PWM FB DC/DC Converter Using a Modified Energy-Recovery Snubber[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002, 49(5):1120-1127
24. Xinbo Ruan,Yangguang Yan.A Novel Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching PWM Full-Bridge Converter Using Two Diodes in Series With the Lagging Leg[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2001,48(4):777-785
25. Weidong Xiao, William G.Dunford. A Modified Adaptive Hill Climbing MPPT Methodfor Photovoltaic Power Systems[C]. IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004.1958-1960
26.蒋大鹏.分布式发电系统中并网逆变器的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2006
27.翁炳文.光伏发电系统关键技术的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学电气工程学院,2008
28.王岩.光伏发电系统MPPT控制方法的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].保定:华北电力大学,2007
29. Miyatake, M, Toriumi, F, Endo, T. A Novel maximum power point tracker controlling several converters connected to photovoltaic arrays with particle swarm optimization technique [C]. Power Electronics and Applications, 2007.1-10
30. Hyun-Soo Kim, Morris, B.G. A comparison of genetic and particle swarm optimization for contact formation in high-performance silicon solar cells[C], Neural Networks. IJCNN :2008.1535-1538
31. Miyatake, M, Veerachary, M. Maximum Power Point Tracking of Multiple Photovoltaic Arrays: A PSO Approach[C]. Aerospace and Electronic Systems.2011:367-380
32. Ishaque, K, Salam, Z, Taheri, H. Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV system under partial shading condition via particle swarm optimization[C]. Applied Power Electronics Colloquium (IAPEC),2011.5-9
33. B. Vulturescu, S.Butterbach, Ch.Forgez. Ageing study of a supercapacitor-battery storage system[C]. Electrical Machines Conference, 2010: 147-152
34.黄国华,施玉川,杨宏.光伏电站免维护蓄电池的维护分析[J].太阳能学报,2004,25(6):785-787
35.陈红雨,黄镇泽,郑圣泉,等.铅酸蓄电池分析与检测技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.168-179
36.史云鹏,王莹莹,李培芳等.光伏系统中蓄电池充放电控制方案的探讨[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(1):86-89
37.闫晓金,孙晋豪.超级电容器的电特性及在独立光伏系统中的应用[J].北华航天工业学院学报,2009,19(4):54-57
38.邓隆阳,黄海燕,卢兰光,等.超级电容性能试验与建模研究[J].车用发动机,2010(1):28-32
39. Gao L, Dougal R A, Liu S. Power enhancement of an actively controlled battery /ltracapacitor hybrid[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 2005, 20(1):236-243
40. M.E. Glavin, Paul K.W. Chan, S. Armstrong. A Stand-alone Photovoltaic Supercapacitor Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System [C]. International Power Electronics and Motion Cont- rol Conference, 2008. 1688-1695
41.陈维,沈辉.带蓄电池的光伏系统中MPPT充电效果理论分析[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(12):1196-1201
42.唐西胜,武鑫,齐智平.超级电容器蓄电池混合储能光伏系统研究[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(2):178-183
43. Monai T, Takano I, Nishikawa H. A collaborative operation method between new energy-type dispersed power supply and EDLC [J]. Energy Conversion, IEEE Trans, 2004,19(3):590-598
44. M.E. Glavin, W.G. Hurley. Ultracapacitor/Battery Hybrid for Solar Energy Storage [C].Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007. 791-795
45.唐西胜.超级电容器储能应用于分布式发电系统的能量管理及稳定性研究[D]:[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院电工研究所,2006
46.王斌,施正荣,朱拓,等.超级电容器-蓄电池应用于独立光伏系统的储能设计[J].能源工程,2007(5):37-41
47.陈俊.基于双向DC/DC变换的户用型光伏发电系统研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].无锡:江南大学,2009
48.项若轩.智能光伏充电控制系统的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2009
49. Yuang-Shung Lee,Yin-Yuan Chiu. Inverting ZCS Switched-Capacitor Bi-directional Converter [C]. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC06. Korea : 2006.979-984
50.王长贵,王斯成主编.太阳能光伏发电实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009.263-267
2.李永,康巍.我国光伏发电的现状与前景[J].认证技术,2010(3):33-35
3.林闽,吕绍勤,等.太阳能家用电源市场化发展问题[J].可再生能源,2006(5):96-98
4.曹倩茹.光伏发电的最大功率跟踪研究研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].上海:东华大学,2006
5.杨贵恒,强生泽,张颖超,等.太阳能光伏发电系统及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.1-17
6.黄讯.我国光伏发电的现状及市场展望[J].中国环保产业,2003 (5):20-21
7.沈辉.太阳能光伏发电技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.1-10
8.吕贝,邱河梅,等.太阳能发电产业现状及发展[J].华电技术,2010,32(1):73-76
9.邓小南,光伏发电的未来趋势[J].价值工程,2010,29(21):215-217
10. Kalejs, J, Schroth, M Danyluk, S. A National Photovoltaic Industry Assessment for the USA: Needs, Corporate Structure and Building Blocks[C]. Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2006.2520-2523
11. Mori, N. Current status and future prospect of photovoltaic technologies in Japan[C]. Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2000.1730-1733
12. Kobayashi, T. Vision of the future of the photovoltaic industry in Japan[C]. Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2003.2538-2543
13.林安中,王斯成.国内外太阳电池和光伏发电的进展与前景[J].太阳能学报,1999(特刊):68-74
14.张作宇,王景燕,李燕青.光伏发电的现状和展望[J].科技信息,2010,2(17):352-402
15.虞华,郭宗林,陈光亚,等.新能源产业现状及发展趋势[J].中国电力,2011,44(1):83-85
16.胡阿芹,孟祺.我国太阳能光伏发电产业发展研究[J].湖北社会科学,2011(4):92-95
17.刘春娜.国内光伏发电市场动态[J].电源技术,2011,35(2):133-135
18.狄大卫,高兆利,韩见殊,等.应用光伏学[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2008.20—24
19.赵颖.独立运行光伏发电系统的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2009
20. Chee Wei Tan, Green T.C, Hernandez-Aramburo. A Current-Mode Controlled Maximum Power Point Tracking Converter for Building Integrated Photovoltaics. European Conference On Power Electronics and Applications[C], 2007.1-10
21.郑诗程.光伏发电系统及其控制的研究[D]:[博士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2004
22.刘文晋,王志新,史伟伟.基于双重Boost电路的大功率光伏MPPT控制器[J].现代建筑电气,2010,1(4):45-53
23. Eun-Soo Kim, Yoon-Ho Kim. A ZVZCS PWM FB DC/DC Converter Using a Modified Energy-Recovery Snubber[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002, 49(5):1120-1127
24. Xinbo Ruan,Yangguang Yan.A Novel Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching PWM Full-Bridge Converter Using Two Diodes in Series With the Lagging Leg[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2001,48(4):777-785
25. Weidong Xiao, William G.Dunford. A Modified Adaptive Hill Climbing MPPT Methodfor Photovoltaic Power Systems[C]. IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004.1958-1960
26.蒋大鹏.分布式发电系统中并网逆变器的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2006
27.翁炳文.光伏发电系统关键技术的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学电气工程学院,2008
28.王岩.光伏发电系统MPPT控制方法的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].保定:华北电力大学,2007
29. Miyatake, M, Toriumi, F, Endo, T. A Novel maximum power point tracker controlling several converters connected to photovoltaic arrays with particle swarm optimization technique [C]. Power Electronics and Applications, 2007.1-10
30. Hyun-Soo Kim, Morris, B.G. A comparison of genetic and particle swarm optimization for contact formation in high-performance silicon solar cells[C], Neural Networks. IJCNN :2008.1535-1538
31. Miyatake, M, Veerachary, M. Maximum Power Point Tracking of Multiple Photovoltaic Arrays: A PSO Approach[C]. Aerospace and Electronic Systems.2011:367-380
32. Ishaque, K, Salam, Z, Taheri, H. Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV system under partial shading condition via particle swarm optimization[C]. Applied Power Electronics Colloquium (IAPEC),2011.5-9
33. B. Vulturescu, S.Butterbach, Ch.Forgez. Ageing study of a supercapacitor-battery storage system[C]. Electrical Machines Conference, 2010: 147-152
34.黄国华,施玉川,杨宏.光伏电站免维护蓄电池的维护分析[J].太阳能学报,2004,25(6):785-787
35.陈红雨,黄镇泽,郑圣泉,等.铅酸蓄电池分析与检测技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.168-179
36.史云鹏,王莹莹,李培芳等.光伏系统中蓄电池充放电控制方案的探讨[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(1):86-89
37.闫晓金,孙晋豪.超级电容器的电特性及在独立光伏系统中的应用[J].北华航天工业学院学报,2009,19(4):54-57
38.邓隆阳,黄海燕,卢兰光,等.超级电容性能试验与建模研究[J].车用发动机,2010(1):28-32
39. Gao L, Dougal R A, Liu S. Power enhancement of an actively controlled battery /ltracapacitor hybrid[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 2005, 20(1):236-243
40. M.E. Glavin, Paul K.W. Chan, S. Armstrong. A Stand-alone Photovoltaic Supercapacitor Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System [C]. International Power Electronics and Motion Cont- rol Conference, 2008. 1688-1695
41.陈维,沈辉.带蓄电池的光伏系统中MPPT充电效果理论分析[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(12):1196-1201
42.唐西胜,武鑫,齐智平.超级电容器蓄电池混合储能光伏系统研究[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(2):178-183
43. Monai T, Takano I, Nishikawa H. A collaborative operation method between new energy-type dispersed power supply and EDLC [J]. Energy Conversion, IEEE Trans, 2004,19(3):590-598
44. M.E. Glavin, W.G. Hurley. Ultracapacitor/Battery Hybrid for Solar Energy Storage [C].Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007. 791-795
45.唐西胜.超级电容器储能应用于分布式发电系统的能量管理及稳定性研究[D]:[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院电工研究所,2006
46.王斌,施正荣,朱拓,等.超级电容器-蓄电池应用于独立光伏系统的储能设计[J].能源工程,2007(5):37-41
47.陈俊.基于双向DC/DC变换的户用型光伏发电系统研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].无锡:江南大学,2009
48.项若轩.智能光伏充电控制系统的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2009
49. Yuang-Shung Lee,Yin-Yuan Chiu. Inverting ZCS Switched-Capacitor Bi-directional Converter [C]. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC06. Korea : 2006.979-984
50.王长贵,王斯成主编.太阳能光伏发电实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009.263-267