微波塑化工艺在滚塑成型中的应用研究
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摘要
滚塑成型，又称旋转成型，主要用于生产塑料中空制品，由于其成本低，制品质量好等优点，增长速度远高于注射、挤出等其他塑料制品成型加工业，受到行业的广泛关注。目前，我国的滚塑行业处于快速发展时期。
同时，滚塑成型工艺也存在成型周期长，耗能高，对塑料原料要求高等缺点。为此，本论文通过采用微波塑化工艺，在塑料原料中加入微波吸收材料，研究了塑料在微波场中的生热性能，并对把微波加热技术应用于滚塑成型工艺进行了探索。文中选用碳黑、钕铁硼和三氧化二铝作为微波生热剂，分别与高密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯粉料进行混合，测试了其微波生热性能。结果显示，碳黑N_(234)的生热效果最优，而NdFeB和Al_2O_3则需要大量加入才能实现塑料的塑化。文中还探讨了HDPE粒料的微波塑化工艺，以及使用复合生热剂和间歇式微波塑化工艺对于塑料微波塑化的影响。HDPE粒料可以通过与生热剂的熔融共混实现在微波场中的塑化，且复合生热剂以及间歇式微波塑化工艺进一步完善了塑料的微波塑化工艺。
最后，本论文还对于可视化的微波加热滚塑成型装置进行了设计，并初步研究了LLDPE的滚塑发泡成型。实验结果显示，制品的发泡效果良好，为今后进一步研究滚塑发泡机理奠定了基础。
Rotational Molding, also known as rotomolding, mostly used as processing of hollow plastic products. The development of Rotational Moulding grew faster than other plastic processing as injection molding or extrusion for its lower cost and fine products, which given extensive attention by the plastic industry. The industry of rotational molding in China presently enjoy a period of rapidly increase.
Similar with other plastic processing methods, the rotational molding also has some disadvantages, just like long processing cycle, high energy consumption and limitation of plastic materials for use. So the main purpose of this paper is to discussing the heat property of polyolefin plastic under the microwave radiation and investigating the feasibility of the use of microwave heating in rotational molding. The microwave processing has been used in the experiment, also some additives which could absorb microwave were used compounding with plastic. Selected Carbon black, NdFeB and Al_2O_3, mixing with HDPE, LLDPE powder respectively, took the test for their microwave heating property under microwave radiation. Results showed that, the microwave heating property of carbon black was the best of three additives, and NdFeB and Al_2O_3 only could achieve the purpose in much higher content of those. Also some other methods as HDPE granules, compounded additive and in-continuous processing have been introduced into the experiment to improve the microwave heating effect of the blends.
Finally, a special design of visible rotational molding equipment using microwave heating has been done for laboratory use. Then rotational foaming molding of LLDPE has been done. Results showed a nice surface of the products, which could confirm the next step of the research on foam mechanism.
同时，滚塑成型工艺也存在成型周期长，耗能高，对塑料原料要求高等缺点。为此，本论文通过采用微波塑化工艺，在塑料原料中加入微波吸收材料，研究了塑料在微波场中的生热性能，并对把微波加热技术应用于滚塑成型工艺进行了探索。文中选用碳黑、钕铁硼和三氧化二铝作为微波生热剂，分别与高密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯粉料进行混合，测试了其微波生热性能。结果显示，碳黑N_(234)的生热效果最优，而NdFeB和Al_2O_3则需要大量加入才能实现塑料的塑化。文中还探讨了HDPE粒料的微波塑化工艺，以及使用复合生热剂和间歇式微波塑化工艺对于塑料微波塑化的影响。HDPE粒料可以通过与生热剂的熔融共混实现在微波场中的塑化，且复合生热剂以及间歇式微波塑化工艺进一步完善了塑料的微波塑化工艺。
最后，本论文还对于可视化的微波加热滚塑成型装置进行了设计，并初步研究了LLDPE的滚塑发泡成型。实验结果显示，制品的发泡效果良好，为今后进一步研究滚塑发泡机理奠定了基础。
Rotational Molding, also known as rotomolding, mostly used as processing of hollow plastic products. The development of Rotational Moulding grew faster than other plastic processing as injection molding or extrusion for its lower cost and fine products, which given extensive attention by the plastic industry. The industry of rotational molding in China presently enjoy a period of rapidly increase.
Similar with other plastic processing methods, the rotational molding also has some disadvantages, just like long processing cycle, high energy consumption and limitation of plastic materials for use. So the main purpose of this paper is to discussing the heat property of polyolefin plastic under the microwave radiation and investigating the feasibility of the use of microwave heating in rotational molding. The microwave processing has been used in the experiment, also some additives which could absorb microwave were used compounding with plastic. Selected Carbon black, NdFeB and Al_2O_3, mixing with HDPE, LLDPE powder respectively, took the test for their microwave heating property under microwave radiation. Results showed that, the microwave heating property of carbon black was the best of three additives, and NdFeB and Al_2O_3 only could achieve the purpose in much higher content of those. Also some other methods as HDPE granules, compounded additive and in-continuous processing have been introduced into the experiment to improve the microwave heating effect of the blends.
Finally, a special design of visible rotational molding equipment using microwave heating has been done for laboratory use. Then rotational foaming molding of LLDPE has been done. Results showed a nice surface of the products, which could confirm the next step of the research on foam mechanism.
引文
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[2] 马秀清译．旋转模塑：设计、材料、模具及工艺／(美)格伦L．比尔(Glenn L．Beall)著[M]：北京：化学工业出版社，2005：6
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[4] 孙彤彤译，刘国海校．滚塑成型的现状与未来[J]．国外塑料，1998，16(4)：11
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[6] 张惠曦，滚塑制品的应用与开发，中国包装[J]，1998，18(1)：70-71
[7] 张惠敏，塑料旋转成型的特点与研究[J]．工程塑料应用．2002，30(4)：23-27
[8] 马秀清译．旋转模塑：设计、材料、模具及工艺／(美)格伦 L．比尔(Glenn L．Beall)著[M]：北京：化学工业出版社，2005：10
[9] 姚勤．大型聚乙烯中空制品的滚塑成型技术[J]．上海大学学报．1999，5(5)：467-470
[10] C.T. Bellehumeur, M. K. Bisaria, J. Vlachopoulos An Experimental Study and Model Assessment of Polymer Sinte ring[J]. Polymer Engineering and Science, 199s,. 36 (17)
[11] 臧群传，勒凤林，高岩，张桂荣，许萍．聚乙烯滚塑专用料地研制[J]．中国塑料．1999，13(12)：16—20
[12] 李百顺，滚塑成型工艺参数对制品性能的影响[J]．现代塑料加工应用．1998，10(6)：36—38
[13] 刘善本．滚塑树脂的性能要求与选择[J]．国外塑料．1999，17(3)：24—26
[14] 臧群传，张威，王剑．国内外滚塑设备的现状及发展[J]．中国塑料．1999，11(13)：19～27
[15] 聂群莲，王晓，许家瑞．塑料旋转成型用原料的特点、品种和发展[J]．广州化工．2003，31(4)：55-60
[16] 臧群传，勒凤林，高岩，张桂荣，许萍．聚乙烯滚塑专用料地研制[J]．中国塑料．1999，13(12)：16—20
[17] 刘善本．滚塑树脂的性能要求与选择[J]．国外塑料．1999，17(3)：24—26
[18] 刘国海，孙彤彤．滚塑成型加工技术的发展概况[J]．中国包装工业 1999，59(5)：30
[19] 李祝，刘春阳．滚塑成型聚乙烯制品的冲击强度[J]．国外塑料．1999，17(4)：28-35
[20] Louise Therese Pick and Eileen Harkin-Jones. An Investigation Into the Relationship Between the Impact Performance of Rotationally Molded Poly et hyiene Productsand Their Dynamic Mechanical Properties[J]. Polymer Engineering and Science, 2003,43 (4): 905-918
[21] 李百顺．聚乙烯滚塑工艺及设备[J]．中国塑料．1999，13(4)：45-47
[22] 孔繁兴，王爱阳．滚塑成型技术及发展趋势[J]．塑料科技．1998，166(4)：58
[23] 姚勤．大型聚乙烯中空制品的滚塑成型技术[J]．上海大学学报．1999，5(5)：467-470
[24] 臧群传，张威，王剑．国内外滚塑设备的现状及发展[J]．中国塑料．1999，11(13)：19-27
[25] 杨慧娟．气压传动及控制在可控震源上的应用[J]．物探装备．2005，13(1)
[26] 《气动技术》编写组编．气动技术[M] 北京：北京出版社，1981：120
[27] 李百顺．滚塑成型模具设计[J]．塑料．1997，26(6)：43-46
[28] 李百顺．220 L塑料桶滚塑成型技术[J]．兰化科技．1998 16(4)：224—227
[29] 杨晓东．塑料注射成型数值模拟计算结果的可视化方法[J]．塑料工业．2003，31(12)：24—27
[30] 李月军．塑料加工过程中的红外技术简介[J]．塑料工业．2004，32(6)：56
[31] 高洁，朱复华．远红外加热技术应用于塑料土工格栅生产[J]．工程塑料应用．2000，28(4)：16—17
[32] 南景宇，杨富，杨景发，徐景智，田野．红外定向强辐射器结构和性能特点分析[J]．激光与红外．2005，35(7)：466—468
[33] A. Greco, A. Maffezzoli. Simulation of Heat Transfer During Rotational Molding[J] Advances in Polymer Technology, 2003,22(4):71-279
[34] Bharat Indu Chaudhary. Processing Enhancers for Rotational Molding of Polyethylene[J]. Polymer Engineering and Science. 2001, 41(10):1731-1742
[35] 王剑，刘春阳，黄玉强．交联聚乙烯滚塑技术[J]．中国塑料 2000，14(1)：2—55
[36] A.G. Spence and R. J. Craw-ford. The Effect of Processing Variables on the Formation and Removal of Bubbles in Rotationally Molded Products[J] Polymer Engineering And Science, 19M,36(7): 993-1009
[37] 刘圣军，田丰，杨荆泉，高万玉，陈世谦，共混改性聚乙烯滚塑专用树脂的研制[J]，塑料，2002，6：22—24
[38] 董桂梅．滚塑用PE粉料[J]．齐鲁石油化工．1989(3)：45—48
[39] 林瑞华．LLDPE旋转成型技术及其在防腐蚀工程中的应用[J]．腐蚀与防护．2000，21(8)：362—367
[40] SFUDHAR K. SIDDHAMALLI and VICTOR W. LEE The Influence of Rotational Molding Cycle on the Morphology and Physical Properties of FR-LLDPE[J]. Journal of Vinyl &Additive Technology. 1998, 4(4):222-228
[41] Shih-Jung Liu, Ching-Hsiung Yang. An Experimental Study of Foamed Polyethylene in Rotational Molding[J]. Polymer Engineering And Science, 1999, 39(9):1776-1786
[42] Guobin Liu. Polymer Engineering And Science[J], Polymer Engineering And Science, 1998, 38(12):1997-2007
[43] D.D.agostino, E. Takacs, J. Vlachopoulos. Foaming with Polymer Microspheres in Rotational Molding: The Effect of Coupling Agent[J]. Journal of Cellular Plastics 2004,40(1):64-75
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[2] 马秀清译．旋转模塑：设计、材料、模具及工艺／(美)格伦L．比尔(Glenn L．Beall)著[M]：北京：化学工业出版社，2005：6
[3] 臧群传，张威，王剑．国内外滚塑设备的现状及发展[J]．中国塑料．1999，11(13)：19-27
[4] 孙彤彤译，刘国海校．滚塑成型的现状与未来[J]．国外塑料，1998，16(4)：11
[5] 刘国海，孙彤彤．滚塑成型加工技术的发展概况[J]．中国包装工业 1999，59(5)：30
[6] 张惠曦，滚塑制品的应用与开发，中国包装[J]，1998，18(1)：70-71
[7] 张惠敏，塑料旋转成型的特点与研究[J]．工程塑料应用．2002，30(4)：23-27
[8] 马秀清译．旋转模塑：设计、材料、模具及工艺／(美)格伦 L．比尔(Glenn L．Beall)著[M]：北京：化学工业出版社，2005：10
[9] 姚勤．大型聚乙烯中空制品的滚塑成型技术[J]．上海大学学报．1999，5(5)：467-470
[10] C.T. Bellehumeur, M. K. Bisaria, J. Vlachopoulos An Experimental Study and Model Assessment of Polymer Sinte ring[J]. Polymer Engineering and Science, 199s,. 36 (17)
[11] 臧群传，勒凤林，高岩，张桂荣，许萍．聚乙烯滚塑专用料地研制[J]．中国塑料．1999，13(12)：16—20
[12] 李百顺，滚塑成型工艺参数对制品性能的影响[J]．现代塑料加工应用．1998，10(6)：36—38
[13] 刘善本．滚塑树脂的性能要求与选择[J]．国外塑料．1999，17(3)：24—26
[14] 臧群传，张威，王剑．国内外滚塑设备的现状及发展[J]．中国塑料．1999，11(13)：19～27
[15] 聂群莲，王晓，许家瑞．塑料旋转成型用原料的特点、品种和发展[J]．广州化工．2003，31(4)：55-60
[16] 臧群传，勒凤林，高岩，张桂荣，许萍．聚乙烯滚塑专用料地研制[J]．中国塑料．1999，13(12)：16—20
[17] 刘善本．滚塑树脂的性能要求与选择[J]．国外塑料．1999，17(3)：24—26
[18] 刘国海，孙彤彤．滚塑成型加工技术的发展概况[J]．中国包装工业 1999，59(5)：30
[19] 李祝，刘春阳．滚塑成型聚乙烯制品的冲击强度[J]．国外塑料．1999，17(4)：28-35
[20] Louise Therese Pick and Eileen Harkin-Jones. An Investigation Into the Relationship Between the Impact Performance of Rotationally Molded Poly et hyiene Productsand Their Dynamic Mechanical Properties[J]. Polymer Engineering and Science, 2003,43 (4): 905-918
[21] 李百顺．聚乙烯滚塑工艺及设备[J]．中国塑料．1999，13(4)：45-47
[22] 孔繁兴，王爱阳．滚塑成型技术及发展趋势[J]．塑料科技．1998，166(4)：58
[23] 姚勤．大型聚乙烯中空制品的滚塑成型技术[J]．上海大学学报．1999，5(5)：467-470
[24] 臧群传，张威，王剑．国内外滚塑设备的现状及发展[J]．中国塑料．1999，11(13)：19-27
[25] 杨慧娟．气压传动及控制在可控震源上的应用[J]．物探装备．2005，13(1)
[26] 《气动技术》编写组编．气动技术[M] 北京：北京出版社，1981：120
[27] 李百顺．滚塑成型模具设计[J]．塑料．1997，26(6)：43-46
[28] 李百顺．220 L塑料桶滚塑成型技术[J]．兰化科技．1998 16(4)：224—227
[29] 杨晓东．塑料注射成型数值模拟计算结果的可视化方法[J]．塑料工业．2003，31(12)：24—27
[30] 李月军．塑料加工过程中的红外技术简介[J]．塑料工业．2004，32(6)：56
[31] 高洁，朱复华．远红外加热技术应用于塑料土工格栅生产[J]．工程塑料应用．2000，28(4)：16—17
[32] 南景宇，杨富，杨景发，徐景智，田野．红外定向强辐射器结构和性能特点分析[J]．激光与红外．2005，35(7)：466—468
[33] A. Greco, A. Maffezzoli. Simulation of Heat Transfer During Rotational Molding[J] Advances in Polymer Technology, 2003,22(4):71-279
[34] Bharat Indu Chaudhary. Processing Enhancers for Rotational Molding of Polyethylene[J]. Polymer Engineering and Science. 2001, 41(10):1731-1742
[35] 王剑，刘春阳，黄玉强．交联聚乙烯滚塑技术[J]．中国塑料 2000，14(1)：2—55
[36] A.G. Spence and R. J. Craw-ford. The Effect of Processing Variables on the Formation and Removal of Bubbles in Rotationally Molded Products[J] Polymer Engineering And Science, 19M,36(7): 993-1009
[37] 刘圣军，田丰，杨荆泉，高万玉，陈世谦，共混改性聚乙烯滚塑专用树脂的研制[J]，塑料，2002，6：22—24
[38] 董桂梅．滚塑用PE粉料[J]．齐鲁石油化工．1989(3)：45—48
[39] 林瑞华．LLDPE旋转成型技术及其在防腐蚀工程中的应用[J]．腐蚀与防护．2000，21(8)：362—367
[40] SFUDHAR K. SIDDHAMALLI and VICTOR W. LEE The Influence of Rotational Molding Cycle on the Morphology and Physical Properties of FR-LLDPE[J]. Journal of Vinyl &Additive Technology. 1998, 4(4):222-228
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