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铬基耐磨复合镀层的制备及性能研究
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摘要
镀铬层以其硬度高、耐磨及耐蚀性好等优点,目前已得到广泛应用。为了进一步提高镀层的硬度及耐磨性能,本文以三氧化铬、硫酸、碳化硅粉体为原料,利用复合电沉积技术,制备了Cr-SiC复合镀层,研究了各种工艺条件对复合镀层组织及性能的影响。
     实验结果表明,搅拌强度、电流密度、温度、微粒浓度对复合镀层的组织及性能有较大影响,通过显微硬度计测得的硬度的比较,得到Cr-SiC复合镀层的最佳工艺条件是:气流量为1.4 L/min,电流密度为25A/dm~2,温度为40℃,400g/L,按以上工艺条件制得的复合镀铬层的颗粒弥散量、弥散度较高,镀层性能较好。
     本文将碳化硅颗粒经过活化和亲水性处理后,SiC微粒的表面性质和表面状态发生变化,SiC微粒由憎水性变成了亲水性,微观变得粗糙,会对颗粒的沉积及镀层的性能有益。将经过活化和亲水性处理的SiC微粒在含有稀土的溶液中浸泡数小时,可使碳化硅粉体充分吸附稀土离子,增加表面正电荷。
     本文研究了机械搅拌和压缩空气搅拌对制备Cr-SiC复合镀层的影响。在机械搅拌下,因为流体运动的惯性作用,SiC颗粒主要顺着搅拌方向即漩涡状流体运动方向进行运动,被镶嵌到镀层中去的机会变得很少;而在压缩空气搅拌时,当压缩空气气泡上浮过程中带动颗粒运动时,不断碰撞阴极,促进微粒的复合,当颗粒上附有的气泡爆破时,也会对部分颗粒向阴极方向的运动起到一个推动作用,这样得到了颗粒弥散分布的复合镀铬层。
     本文对Cr-SiC复合镀层的磨损机理进行了研究。在干磨损实验条件下,纯铬镀层的粘着严重,而复合镀层的粘着磨损较轻,这是由于碳化硅颗粒与摩擦副晶体结构及性能方面的差异可以降低复合镀层的粘着磨损。Cr-SiC复合镀层的磨损主要表现为粘着磨损、磨粒磨损及氧化磨损。
The chromium coatings were used widely because of its wear-resistance, high hardness and corrosion-resistance. To farther improve coating's wear-resistance and hardness, composite chromium coatings were prepared by composite electroplating using CrO_3、 H_2SO_4 and SiC as starting materials, and the effects of technology parameters on coatings' microstructure and properties were investigated in this paper .
    Experiment results showed that stirring intensity、 current density、 plating temperature and particles concentration played great influence on the microstructure and properties of the composite coating. The following optimal technology parameters were obtained by comparing of microhardness: stirring intensity of 1.4 L/min、 current density of 25A/dm~2 、 plating temperature of 40℃ and grain density of 400g/L, composite coatings participated by above parameters were of excellent particle dispersion and properties.
    After activation and hydrophilic treatment, the surface properties and states of SiC changed, the hydrophobic SiC particles became hydrophilic and the microcosmic surface is coarse, this is propitious to particles deposition and wear-resistance of the coating. To adsorb rear earth ions fully, and increase surface charge, SiC particles should immerse in the solution containing rear earth for hours.
    The effects of mechanical stirring and air stirring on the preparation of Cr-SiC coating are very important and were studied. On the condition of mechanical stirring, SiC particles moved mostly along with the direction of stirring, the possibility for the SiC particles to embed in matrix is very small. But, with air stirring, the rising of SiC particles were facilitated by air bubble, the rising air bubble and the air bubble adsorbing the surface of SiC particles also can impulse the particles to hit the cathode. Cr-SiC composite coating was well prepared in this case.
    The wear mechanisms of Cr-SiC composite coating were investigated. In the condition of dry wear, because of the different crystal structure and properties between SiC and frictional pairs, the adhesion wear of pure chromium was poor than composite chromium coatings. Wear mechanisms of Cr-SiC composite coating were adhesion wear、 abrasive wear and oxidation wear.
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