基于EGEE网格的医学图像数据库的设计与研究
摘要
随着计算机信息技术和医疗技术的不断发展和应用,以及人们对医疗保健水平要求的不断提高,CT、MR、DR等数字化医疗设备在临床医学诊断中被广泛的采用,进而导致海量医学数据的产生,现有的数据存储及管理方式面临着巨大的挑战,对运行在医院中的PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication System,影像归档和通信系统)带来了巨大的压力。同时由于医院之间甚至医院内部各科室之间的信息系统差异较大,存在异构性和封闭性等问题,致使不同医疗应用系统间的通信及数据共享比较困难,降低了医学信息服务的质量。而此时网格技术的出现为这一问题提供了一个很好的解决途径。利用网格可以整合多个医院及研究机构,协同工作以实现各种资源的共享,这也是医学图像网格的思想所在。
所以本文在分析医学图像数据源的基础上,搭建了一个医学图像数据库,并尝试将网格技术与医学平台的建设结合起来,充分利用网格的优势,解决海量医学数据的存储管理和数据共享。本文主要研究以下内容:
首先分析专门用于医学图像存储和传输的标准,即DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine)标准,DICOM标准为各种医疗信息系统的集成创造了条件,也是将医学图像数据库运行在网格下的基础;然后根据对DICOM文件格式和图像信息模型的研究,并参照医院的工作流程,将DICOM医学图像按照一定的逻辑结构存储在数据库中,并以此为基础建立跨平台的医学图像数据库。最后通过对C/S和B/S结构的对比,选择合适的PACS架构,进而研究PACS系统的存储模式及存储策略方案,实现了一个可运行在实验室网格平台下的小型PACS系统。
本文设计的医学图像数据库最终是要应用在实验室的网格平台下的,选择Apache+MySQL+PHP组合来进行开发,可跨平台运行,同时具有很好的扩展性,为以后的研究开发提供便利。
With the development and application of computer information technology and medical technology, and people pay more attention to the requirements of medical health care, the hospital widely adopts CT, MR, DR and other digital medical equipments for clinical diagnosis, thus leads to massive production of medical data. The existing method of data storage and management faces great challenges, and brings to the PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) running in the hospital huge pressure. At the same time, the information systems among hospitals or even the various departments within the hospital vary widely, having heterogeneous and closure problems, so the communication and data sharing among different medical applications become more difficult, and reducing the quality of medical information service. By this time, the emergence of grid technology provides a better solution for this problem. Using the grid can integrate multiple hospitals and research institutions, and implement the sharing of variety of resource through cooperative work, and this is exactly the idea of medical image grid.
Therefore, this paper build a medical image database based on analyzing the medical image data source, and tries to combine with the construction of medical platform with grid technology, taking full advantage of the grid to solve the storage and management of massive medical data and data sharing. This paper studies as following contents:
Firstly, this paper will analyze one standard specifically for medical image storage and transmission which named DICOM. It creates conditions for the integration of various medical information systems, and it is also the foundation of medical image database running in the grid environment. Secondly, according to the DICOM file format and image information model, and the work process of hospital, this paper makes the DICOM medical image storaged in the database as certain logical structures, and based on that, builds a cross-platform medical image database. Futhermore, through the comparison between the C/S and B/S structure, this paper selects an appropriate PACS architecture, and then this paper studies the storage mode and storage strategic of PACS, finally implements a small PACS that could run in the grid platform of laboratory.
This medical image database is going to apply into the laboratory’s grid platform. Using the Apache + MySQL + PHP combination to develop the system, the system can realize cross-platform running, and has good scalability to provide convenient for the future research and development.
所以本文在分析医学图像数据源的基础上,搭建了一个医学图像数据库,并尝试将网格技术与医学平台的建设结合起来,充分利用网格的优势,解决海量医学数据的存储管理和数据共享。本文主要研究以下内容:
首先分析专门用于医学图像存储和传输的标准,即DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine)标准,DICOM标准为各种医疗信息系统的集成创造了条件,也是将医学图像数据库运行在网格下的基础;然后根据对DICOM文件格式和图像信息模型的研究,并参照医院的工作流程,将DICOM医学图像按照一定的逻辑结构存储在数据库中,并以此为基础建立跨平台的医学图像数据库。最后通过对C/S和B/S结构的对比,选择合适的PACS架构,进而研究PACS系统的存储模式及存储策略方案,实现了一个可运行在实验室网格平台下的小型PACS系统。
本文设计的医学图像数据库最终是要应用在实验室的网格平台下的,选择Apache+MySQL+PHP组合来进行开发,可跨平台运行,同时具有很好的扩展性,为以后的研究开发提供便利。
With the development and application of computer information technology and medical technology, and people pay more attention to the requirements of medical health care, the hospital widely adopts CT, MR, DR and other digital medical equipments for clinical diagnosis, thus leads to massive production of medical data. The existing method of data storage and management faces great challenges, and brings to the PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) running in the hospital huge pressure. At the same time, the information systems among hospitals or even the various departments within the hospital vary widely, having heterogeneous and closure problems, so the communication and data sharing among different medical applications become more difficult, and reducing the quality of medical information service. By this time, the emergence of grid technology provides a better solution for this problem. Using the grid can integrate multiple hospitals and research institutions, and implement the sharing of variety of resource through cooperative work, and this is exactly the idea of medical image grid.
Therefore, this paper build a medical image database based on analyzing the medical image data source, and tries to combine with the construction of medical platform with grid technology, taking full advantage of the grid to solve the storage and management of massive medical data and data sharing. This paper studies as following contents:
Firstly, this paper will analyze one standard specifically for medical image storage and transmission which named DICOM. It creates conditions for the integration of various medical information systems, and it is also the foundation of medical image database running in the grid environment. Secondly, according to the DICOM file format and image information model, and the work process of hospital, this paper makes the DICOM medical image storaged in the database as certain logical structures, and based on that, builds a cross-platform medical image database. Futhermore, through the comparison between the C/S and B/S structure, this paper selects an appropriate PACS architecture, and then this paper studies the storage mode and storage strategic of PACS, finally implements a small PACS that could run in the grid platform of laboratory.
This medical image database is going to apply into the laboratory’s grid platform. Using the Apache + MySQL + PHP combination to develop the system, the system can realize cross-platform running, and has good scalability to provide convenient for the future research and development.
引文
[1] Foster I, Kesselmann C. The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure. Morgan Kaufman Publishers, San Francisco. 1999
[2]何戈,徐志伟.数据网格技术研究.微电子学与计算机. 2003,(4):3-9
[3]王珊,张坤龙.网格环境下的数据库系统.计算机应用. 2004,24(10):1-3
[4]任浩,李志刚,肖侬.数据库网格:基于网格的多数据库系统作者.计算机工程与应用. 2006,(2):171-175
[5] Breton V, Solomonides T, McClatchey R. A Perspective on the Healthgrid Initiative. Proceedings of 2004 International Symposium of Cluster Computing and the Grid(CCGrid 2004). 2004:434-439
[6] Groep D, Templon J. Crunching Real Data on the Grid: Practice and Experience with the European DataGrid. Concurrency Computation Practice and Experience. 2006,18(9):925-940
[7] Amendolia S R, Estrella F. Grid databases for shared image analysis in the MammoGrid project. Proceedings of the International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium. 2004
[8] Jirotka M, Procter R. Collaboration and Trust in Healthcare Innovation: the eDiaMoND Case Study. The Journal of Collaborative Computing. 2005,14(4):369-398
[9] Brady J M, Gavaghan D J. eDiaMoND: A grid-enabled federated database of annotated mammograms. Grid Computing: Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality. 2003:923-943
[10] Bertero M, Bonetto M, Carracciuolo L. MedIGrid: A Medical Imaging Application for Computational Grids. Proceeding of the 17th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing. 2003:252-259
[11] Power D, Politou E, Slaymaker M. A relational approach to the capture of DICOM files for Grid-enabled medical imaging databases. Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing. 2004:272-279
[12] Crane J C, Crawford F W, Nelson S J. Grid Enabled Magnetic Resonance Scanners for Near Real-time Medical Image Processing. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing. 2006,66(1):1524-1533
[13] Huang X, Huang L, Li M L. Grid-Enabled Medical Image Processing Application System Based on OGSA-DAI Techniques. in Proc. of The Eighth Asia Pacific Web Conference. Harbin, China. 2006:460-464
[14]黄晓琴,黄林鹏.数字化医学图像网格DMIGrid.计算机科学. 2005,1(32):374-376
[15]杨小燕,郭文明,曾海标.基于Web服务的PACS医生工作站的设计与实现.中山大学学报(自然科学版). 2005,44(2):129-132
[16]郑然,金海.基于网格的医疗信息集成及图像处理应用.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版). 2007,35(2):117-120
[17] Slik D, Seiler O, Altman T. Scalable fault tolerant image communication and storage grid. in Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, San Diego, CA. 2003,5033:36-47
[18]朱子玉,李三立.医学数据网格及其相关中间件的研究与实现.计算机工程. 2007,33(15):258-260
[19]吴荣壮,欧阳林.国内医院PACS建设概况.医疗卫生装备. 2005, 26(11):37-38
[20]张斌,王智文.构建PACS系统的几个技术问题.中国医疗设备. 2010, 25(1):75-80
[21] Vossberg M, Tolxdorff T. DICOM Image Communication in Globus-Based Medical Grids. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine. 2008,12(2):145-153
[22]赵贵军.基于DICOM标准的PACS系统的设计与实现.大连:大连理工大学. 2005:9-10,14-15,21-26,30,34-35
[23] ftp://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/2009
[24]李泉.医学影像资源共享及远程会诊系统构建.四川:电子科技大学学位论文. 2007:6-7
[25]曾海标,关伟豪.医学图像传输协议DICOM标准的运行机制.中山大学学报:自然科学版. 2005,44(2):116-121
[26]王立功,刘伟强. DICOM医学图像文件格式解析与应用研究.计算机工程与应用. 2006,29:210-212
[27]黄旭. DICOM医学图像数据的读取.计算机时代. 2008, 11:46-47
[28]高升,葛云. DICOM格式医学图像及其图像信息的显示.中国医学物理学杂志. 2010,27(3):1885-1888
[29]张凯,吕杨生.基于DICOM标准的医学图像数据库.中国生物医学工程学报. 2002,21(6): 548-551
[30] Stephen T C, Huang H K. Design methods and architectural issues of integrated medical image data base systems. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 1996,204:285-299
[31]吴兵,赵志强.数据库规范设计.中国医学装备. 2006,3(10):43-46
[32]薛万宇,宋余庆,王恒.一种医学图像数据库存储方案设计与实现.微计算机信息. 2008,24(3):177-179
[33]刘为.基于DICOM标准的图像通信及存储技术研究.西安:西安电子科技大学学位论文. 2003:28-30
[34]王勇,张凯,吕扬生. DICOM医学图像的存储与管理.北京生物医学工程第. 2002,21(3):194-197
[35]韩磊,张虹.基于DICOM的医学图像存储模型设计与实现.计算机时代. 2006,10:30-32
[36]韩彬,王小敏,谢晋东. PACS系统的架构与展望.中国医学装备. 2008,5(5):1-4
[37]李民,朱振昌. C/S、B/S的结构的特点及在医院系统中的应用.医学信息. 2006,19(9):1508-1509
[38]俞培梁,叶志前. PACS系统Web浏览器的构建.中国医疗器械杂志. 2006, 30(3):194-195
[39]樊胜. C/S与B/S的结构比较及Web数据库的访问方式.情报科学. 2001, 19(4):443-445.
[40]王志平.构建满足医院自身需要的PACS存储系统.医疗装备. 2005, (9):33-36
[41]康晓东,何丕廉,李志圣.一种新型PACS系统存储方案设计.计算机工程与应用. 2007,43(12):205-207
[42] http://public.eu-egee.org/
[43]孙傲冰.医学图像网格中面向服务的虚拟化技术研究.武汉:华中科技大学博士学位论文. 2008:2
[44] Montagnat J,ákos Frohner, Jouvenot D. A Secure Grid Medical Data Manager Interfaced to the gLite Middleware. Grid Computing. 2008, 6:45-49
[45] Burke S, Campana S. gLite 3.1 User Guide Manuals Series. http://glite.cern.ch/. 2009:29-31
[46] Scardaci D, Scuderi G. A Secure Storage Service for the gLite Middleware. Third International Symposium on Information Assurance and Security. 2007:261-266
[2]何戈,徐志伟.数据网格技术研究.微电子学与计算机. 2003,(4):3-9
[3]王珊,张坤龙.网格环境下的数据库系统.计算机应用. 2004,24(10):1-3
[4]任浩,李志刚,肖侬.数据库网格:基于网格的多数据库系统作者.计算机工程与应用. 2006,(2):171-175
[5] Breton V, Solomonides T, McClatchey R. A Perspective on the Healthgrid Initiative. Proceedings of 2004 International Symposium of Cluster Computing and the Grid(CCGrid 2004). 2004:434-439
[6] Groep D, Templon J. Crunching Real Data on the Grid: Practice and Experience with the European DataGrid. Concurrency Computation Practice and Experience. 2006,18(9):925-940
[7] Amendolia S R, Estrella F. Grid databases for shared image analysis in the MammoGrid project. Proceedings of the International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium. 2004
[8] Jirotka M, Procter R. Collaboration and Trust in Healthcare Innovation: the eDiaMoND Case Study. The Journal of Collaborative Computing. 2005,14(4):369-398
[9] Brady J M, Gavaghan D J. eDiaMoND: A grid-enabled federated database of annotated mammograms. Grid Computing: Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality. 2003:923-943
[10] Bertero M, Bonetto M, Carracciuolo L. MedIGrid: A Medical Imaging Application for Computational Grids. Proceeding of the 17th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing. 2003:252-259
[11] Power D, Politou E, Slaymaker M. A relational approach to the capture of DICOM files for Grid-enabled medical imaging databases. Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing. 2004:272-279
[12] Crane J C, Crawford F W, Nelson S J. Grid Enabled Magnetic Resonance Scanners for Near Real-time Medical Image Processing. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing. 2006,66(1):1524-1533
[13] Huang X, Huang L, Li M L. Grid-Enabled Medical Image Processing Application System Based on OGSA-DAI Techniques. in Proc. of The Eighth Asia Pacific Web Conference. Harbin, China. 2006:460-464
[14]黄晓琴,黄林鹏.数字化医学图像网格DMIGrid.计算机科学. 2005,1(32):374-376
[15]杨小燕,郭文明,曾海标.基于Web服务的PACS医生工作站的设计与实现.中山大学学报(自然科学版). 2005,44(2):129-132
[16]郑然,金海.基于网格的医疗信息集成及图像处理应用.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版). 2007,35(2):117-120
[17] Slik D, Seiler O, Altman T. Scalable fault tolerant image communication and storage grid. in Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, San Diego, CA. 2003,5033:36-47
[18]朱子玉,李三立.医学数据网格及其相关中间件的研究与实现.计算机工程. 2007,33(15):258-260
[19]吴荣壮,欧阳林.国内医院PACS建设概况.医疗卫生装备. 2005, 26(11):37-38
[20]张斌,王智文.构建PACS系统的几个技术问题.中国医疗设备. 2010, 25(1):75-80
[21] Vossberg M, Tolxdorff T. DICOM Image Communication in Globus-Based Medical Grids. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine. 2008,12(2):145-153
[22]赵贵军.基于DICOM标准的PACS系统的设计与实现.大连:大连理工大学. 2005:9-10,14-15,21-26,30,34-35
[23] ftp://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/2009
[24]李泉.医学影像资源共享及远程会诊系统构建.四川:电子科技大学学位论文. 2007:6-7
[25]曾海标,关伟豪.医学图像传输协议DICOM标准的运行机制.中山大学学报:自然科学版. 2005,44(2):116-121
[26]王立功,刘伟强. DICOM医学图像文件格式解析与应用研究.计算机工程与应用. 2006,29:210-212
[27]黄旭. DICOM医学图像数据的读取.计算机时代. 2008, 11:46-47
[28]高升,葛云. DICOM格式医学图像及其图像信息的显示.中国医学物理学杂志. 2010,27(3):1885-1888
[29]张凯,吕杨生.基于DICOM标准的医学图像数据库.中国生物医学工程学报. 2002,21(6): 548-551
[30] Stephen T C, Huang H K. Design methods and architectural issues of integrated medical image data base systems. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 1996,204:285-299
[31]吴兵,赵志强.数据库规范设计.中国医学装备. 2006,3(10):43-46
[32]薛万宇,宋余庆,王恒.一种医学图像数据库存储方案设计与实现.微计算机信息. 2008,24(3):177-179
[33]刘为.基于DICOM标准的图像通信及存储技术研究.西安:西安电子科技大学学位论文. 2003:28-30
[34]王勇,张凯,吕扬生. DICOM医学图像的存储与管理.北京生物医学工程第. 2002,21(3):194-197
[35]韩磊,张虹.基于DICOM的医学图像存储模型设计与实现.计算机时代. 2006,10:30-32
[36]韩彬,王小敏,谢晋东. PACS系统的架构与展望.中国医学装备. 2008,5(5):1-4
[37]李民,朱振昌. C/S、B/S的结构的特点及在医院系统中的应用.医学信息. 2006,19(9):1508-1509
[38]俞培梁,叶志前. PACS系统Web浏览器的构建.中国医疗器械杂志. 2006, 30(3):194-195
[39]樊胜. C/S与B/S的结构比较及Web数据库的访问方式.情报科学. 2001, 19(4):443-445.
[40]王志平.构建满足医院自身需要的PACS存储系统.医疗装备. 2005, (9):33-36
[41]康晓东,何丕廉,李志圣.一种新型PACS系统存储方案设计.计算机工程与应用. 2007,43(12):205-207
[42] http://public.eu-egee.org/
[43]孙傲冰.医学图像网格中面向服务的虚拟化技术研究.武汉:华中科技大学博士学位论文. 2008:2
[44] Montagnat J,ákos Frohner, Jouvenot D. A Secure Grid Medical Data Manager Interfaced to the gLite Middleware. Grid Computing. 2008, 6:45-49
[45] Burke S, Campana S. gLite 3.1 User Guide Manuals Series. http://glite.cern.ch/. 2009:29-31
[46] Scardaci D, Scuderi G. A Secure Storage Service for the gLite Middleware. Third International Symposium on Information Assurance and Security. 2007:261-266