煤矿深部近距低采高上保护层开采瓦斯灾害协同控制技术
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摘要
本文针对中平能化集团平煤股份所属十二矿深部(埋深≥1000m)近距离(8～12m)、低采高(1.3m)和高瓦斯耦合作用下的上保护层瓦斯治理问题,以及上保护层开采巷道留设的保护煤柱造成的被保护层卸压空白带问题,利用弹性力学、岩体力学、损伤力学、渗流力学等相关理论,通过采用理论分析、相似模拟试验、数值模拟、现场试验等方法,系统地研究了煤矿深部近距低采高上保护层开采瓦斯灾害协同控制技术,取得了如下主要创新性成果:
针对深部近距低采高上保护层开采面临的保护层工作面上隅角瓦斯超限和被保护层局部区域未卸压等问题,提出了大直径穿层递进埋管抽采和下被保护层局部未保护区域的定向水力压裂技术来协同控制瓦斯灾害的研究思路。实现了保护层工作面的安全快速推进和被保护层的全区域消突,为今后其他类似条件下的煤层群开采提供了治理思路。
采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法,首次研究了不同保护层开采高度、不同层间距、不同层间岩性对深部近距低采高上保护层开采条件下下伏煤岩体卸压影响。研究发现了保护层工作面开采高度越大,对被保护层的卸压保护效果越好;随着层间距离的增加,保护层的卸压效果越来越差;而由于层间坚硬岩层的控制,其存在不利于下方煤岩体的应力降低,且还遏制了下方岩体的膨胀变形,不利于下被保护层透气性的增加。
首次提出了大直径穿层递进埋管抽采技术,既克服了采用传统的沿空留巷等措施造成的施工量大和维护困难问题,又避免了在本煤层采空区埋管抽放造成的巷道空间受限问题,在不影响保护层工作面开采的条件下,创造性的解决了深部近距低采高上保护层开采工作面上隅角瓦斯频繁超限问题。实践表明,该技术实施效果显著,抽放瓦斯纯量达到29.1~35.3m3/min,抽放瓦斯浓度平均为13.7%,上隅角瓦斯浓度平均维持在0.51%。
针对平煤十二矿被保护层与保护层层间距小、存在被保护层局部区域未卸压、地应力相对集中区域的特点,提出采用定向水力压裂技术消除局部未保护区域的突出危险性,同时采用定向孔的导向作用,避免了单一水力压裂孔易造成应力集中、形成高压蓄能区的问题。采取该技术后突出判定指标q值和S值显著降低(q值降为1.0 L/min左右;S值降为2.0 kg/m左右),工作面危险性效检预测指标超标的比例大大减低,变化幅度降低;单孔抽放浓度平均增加了70%,瓦斯流量增加了382%。
本文为煤矿深部近距低采高上保护层开采条件下瓦斯灾害的有效控制提供了理论和实践基础,课题研究期间,作者公开发表学术论文7篇,其中EI检索2篇,并获得各类科研奖励6项。
该论文有图105幅,表10个,参考文献109篇。
This paper aimed at gas control in the condition of deep(depth≥1000m) close (8 ~ 12m), low mining height (1.2m), and high gas in 12th mine Pingdingshan Coalmine Group on the protective layer and the problem of the blank caused by coal pillar made by the roadway of protective layer. By the use of elastic mechanics, rock mechanics, damage mechanics, fluid mechanics, and other related theories, and by the use of theoretical analysis, physical modeling, numerical Simulation, field test and other methods, technology of Cooperative Control of Gas Disaster during Mining of Thin and Short Distance Upper Protective Coal Seam in Deep Coal Mine was given. The major creative achievements were presented as follows:
Aiming at gas content over-limitation at the corner of the protective layer and the problem of pressure unrelief in local areas with the mining of thin and Short Distance Upper Protective Coal Seam in Deep Coal Mine, ideas were put forward which is gas disaster control cooperating the technology of progressive and large diameter buried drainage pipe by wearing layers and directional hydraulic fracturing technology. This idea achieved fast and safe mining of the protective layer and Outburst Control region-wide of the protectived layer and provided management ideas for other similar coal.
By the use of experimental and numerical simulation, the pressure relief in the underlying coal with thin and short distance upper protective coal Seam was first researched in the conditions of different height, different spacing and different rock layers. By the research,it was found that the higher of the working face in protective layer , the greater pressure relief in the protected layer, with increase of the interlayer distance, the worse pressure relief, and that as the hard rock layer control, its presence is not conducive to reducing the stress below the coal and rock, curbing the expansion deformation of the rock below, and increasing permeability of the under protected layer.
The technology of progressive and large diameter buried drainage pipe by wearing layers was put forward for the first time, not only to overcome the great construction and maintenance difficulties caused by the traditional measures such as gob-side entry retaining, but also to avoid the problem of limited roadway space caused by the drainage pipe in the current seam. Without affecting the mining of the protective laye, the problem, frequent gas content over-limitation at the corner of the thin and short distance upper protective coal seam, was solved creatively.Practice shows that the effect of this technology was significant. The pure gas drainage reached 29.1 ~ 35.3m3/min, drainage gas concentration was 13.7% on average, and gas concentration in the corner remained 0.51%.
Aiming at characteristics of short distance between the protective and the protected layer, the existence of the local-area-unrelief in the protected layer and the area with stress concentration relative, directional hydraulic fracturing technology was put forward to release the danger of outburst in local unprotected areas. By using the guiding role making guiding function, it could be avoided that stress concentration caused by single hydraulic fracturing hole, resulting in high pressure storage.After taking the technology, the value of q and S was significantly lower (q reduced to 1.0 L / min and S decreased to 2.0 kg/m or so), the over standard of danger of outburst greatly reduced and amplitude decreased, and gas drainage density increased by 70% while drainage quantity increased by 382%.
This dissertation provides theoretical and practical basis for cooperative control of gas disaster during mining of thin and short distance upper protective coal seam in deep coal mine. During the research, the authors published 7 papers, in which 2 were Search by EI; won 6 items of the prize of the ministerial-level scientific or other researches.
There are 105 figures, 10 tables and 109 references in this dissertation.
针对深部近距低采高上保护层开采面临的保护层工作面上隅角瓦斯超限和被保护层局部区域未卸压等问题,提出了大直径穿层递进埋管抽采和下被保护层局部未保护区域的定向水力压裂技术来协同控制瓦斯灾害的研究思路。实现了保护层工作面的安全快速推进和被保护层的全区域消突,为今后其他类似条件下的煤层群开采提供了治理思路。
采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法,首次研究了不同保护层开采高度、不同层间距、不同层间岩性对深部近距低采高上保护层开采条件下下伏煤岩体卸压影响。研究发现了保护层工作面开采高度越大,对被保护层的卸压保护效果越好;随着层间距离的增加,保护层的卸压效果越来越差;而由于层间坚硬岩层的控制,其存在不利于下方煤岩体的应力降低,且还遏制了下方岩体的膨胀变形,不利于下被保护层透气性的增加。
首次提出了大直径穿层递进埋管抽采技术,既克服了采用传统的沿空留巷等措施造成的施工量大和维护困难问题,又避免了在本煤层采空区埋管抽放造成的巷道空间受限问题,在不影响保护层工作面开采的条件下,创造性的解决了深部近距低采高上保护层开采工作面上隅角瓦斯频繁超限问题。实践表明,该技术实施效果显著,抽放瓦斯纯量达到29.1~35.3m3/min,抽放瓦斯浓度平均为13.7%,上隅角瓦斯浓度平均维持在0.51%。
针对平煤十二矿被保护层与保护层层间距小、存在被保护层局部区域未卸压、地应力相对集中区域的特点,提出采用定向水力压裂技术消除局部未保护区域的突出危险性,同时采用定向孔的导向作用,避免了单一水力压裂孔易造成应力集中、形成高压蓄能区的问题。采取该技术后突出判定指标q值和S值显著降低(q值降为1.0 L/min左右;S值降为2.0 kg/m左右),工作面危险性效检预测指标超标的比例大大减低,变化幅度降低;单孔抽放浓度平均增加了70%,瓦斯流量增加了382%。
本文为煤矿深部近距低采高上保护层开采条件下瓦斯灾害的有效控制提供了理论和实践基础,课题研究期间,作者公开发表学术论文7篇,其中EI检索2篇,并获得各类科研奖励6项。
该论文有图105幅,表10个,参考文献109篇。
This paper aimed at gas control in the condition of deep(depth≥1000m) close (8 ~ 12m), low mining height (1.2m), and high gas in 12th mine Pingdingshan Coalmine Group on the protective layer and the problem of the blank caused by coal pillar made by the roadway of protective layer. By the use of elastic mechanics, rock mechanics, damage mechanics, fluid mechanics, and other related theories, and by the use of theoretical analysis, physical modeling, numerical Simulation, field test and other methods, technology of Cooperative Control of Gas Disaster during Mining of Thin and Short Distance Upper Protective Coal Seam in Deep Coal Mine was given. The major creative achievements were presented as follows:
Aiming at gas content over-limitation at the corner of the protective layer and the problem of pressure unrelief in local areas with the mining of thin and Short Distance Upper Protective Coal Seam in Deep Coal Mine, ideas were put forward which is gas disaster control cooperating the technology of progressive and large diameter buried drainage pipe by wearing layers and directional hydraulic fracturing technology. This idea achieved fast and safe mining of the protective layer and Outburst Control region-wide of the protectived layer and provided management ideas for other similar coal.
By the use of experimental and numerical simulation, the pressure relief in the underlying coal with thin and short distance upper protective coal Seam was first researched in the conditions of different height, different spacing and different rock layers. By the research,it was found that the higher of the working face in protective layer , the greater pressure relief in the protected layer, with increase of the interlayer distance, the worse pressure relief, and that as the hard rock layer control, its presence is not conducive to reducing the stress below the coal and rock, curbing the expansion deformation of the rock below, and increasing permeability of the under protected layer.
The technology of progressive and large diameter buried drainage pipe by wearing layers was put forward for the first time, not only to overcome the great construction and maintenance difficulties caused by the traditional measures such as gob-side entry retaining, but also to avoid the problem of limited roadway space caused by the drainage pipe in the current seam. Without affecting the mining of the protective laye, the problem, frequent gas content over-limitation at the corner of the thin and short distance upper protective coal seam, was solved creatively.Practice shows that the effect of this technology was significant. The pure gas drainage reached 29.1 ~ 35.3m3/min, drainage gas concentration was 13.7% on average, and gas concentration in the corner remained 0.51%.
Aiming at characteristics of short distance between the protective and the protected layer, the existence of the local-area-unrelief in the protected layer and the area with stress concentration relative, directional hydraulic fracturing technology was put forward to release the danger of outburst in local unprotected areas. By using the guiding role making guiding function, it could be avoided that stress concentration caused by single hydraulic fracturing hole, resulting in high pressure storage.After taking the technology, the value of q and S was significantly lower (q reduced to 1.0 L / min and S decreased to 2.0 kg/m or so), the over standard of danger of outburst greatly reduced and amplitude decreased, and gas drainage density increased by 70% while drainage quantity increased by 382%.
This dissertation provides theoretical and practical basis for cooperative control of gas disaster during mining of thin and short distance upper protective coal seam in deep coal mine. During the research, the authors published 7 papers, in which 2 were Search by EI; won 6 items of the prize of the ministerial-level scientific or other researches.
There are 105 figures, 10 tables and 109 references in this dissertation.
引文
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