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拉索风雨激振理论模型研究及其振动特性分析
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摘要
随着大跨径斜拉桥的不断兴建,作为该桥型主要受力构件的斜拉索的长度也变得越来越长。由于斜拉索具有自重轻、柔度大、阻尼低的特点,极易发生各类风致振动,而其中风雨激振振幅最大,造成的危害也最为严重。国内外学者对拉索风雨激振开展了大量研究,但已有理论模型还有许多不完善的地方,不能全面反映实际的拉索风雨激振现象。
     本文在广泛阅读已有研究文献的基础上,评述了各种拉索风雨激振理论模型的优点和不足之处,在此基础上确定了本文的研究内容。
     通过利用浸润理论、Prandtl边界层理论和静水边界层理论重新研究了拉索表面与水线之间的相互作用力模式,论证了库仑阻尼力和粘滞线性阻尼力的存在,并推导出了计算公式。
     利用运动水线两自由度节段拉索风雨激振理论模型研究了拉索表面材料对风雨激振的影响规律,讨论了粘滞线性阻尼系数的合理取值,并结合本文建立的准运动水线节段拉索风雨激振理论模型分析了水线与拉索之间的耦合运动规律,对拉索风雨激振的发生条件进行了探讨。运用运动水线三自由度节段拉索风雨激振理论模型分析了拉索面内-面外振动规律,并对拉索截面振动轨迹倾斜角的影响因素进行了讨论。
     在对拉索风雨激振现象及各种影响因素进行详细分析的基础上,分别建立了以拉索各阶振型表示的只考虑面内振动以及同时考虑面内-面外振动的运动水线连续弹性拉索风雨激振理论模型,详细研究了拉索振动特性、水线沿拉索轴向的分布规律及其对拉索振动的影响规律、水线与拉索之间的耦合振动规律、风剖面幂指数对拉索风雨激振的影响规律、拉索面内-面外耦合振动规律、以及风场紊流度对拉索风雨激振的影响规律。
     本文对以上研究内容从物理意义和力学机理上作了较为合理的解释,理论分析结果与试验和现场实测的结果基本吻合,证明本文建立的理论模型能够综合地考虑各种因素的影响,比以往的理论模型更能全面地反映拉索风雨激振特征。利用本文所建立的理论模型,能借助数学和力学工具更深入地研究拉索风雨激振的发生机理和发生条件,同时能够通过定量分析,为斜拉索的设计和振动控制提供依据。
With the increasing of span of cable-stayed bridges, the length of stay cable isbecoming longer and longer, many kinds of wind-induced vibration of cables occurredeasily owing to the characteristics of small mass, large flexibility and low inherentdamping of cables. In these cables vibration forms, the large-amplitude rain-wind-induced vibration is harmful especially. Scholars of the world have done a great deal ofresearch on rain-wind-induced vibration of cable, but existing theoretical models havelots of imperfect places and can not reflect characteristics of this cable vibration formcomprehensively.
     Base on extensive reading of existing research literatures, the merits anddeficiencies of former theoretical models of rain-wind-induced vibration of cable arereviewed, and research contents of this paper are determined.
     According to the soakage theory, Prandtl boundary layer theory and static waterboundary layer theory, the interactive force between the cable surface and the rivulet isrestudied. The existence of the Coulomb damping force and the linear viscous dampingforce is demonstrated, and calculation formulas of these two damping forces arededuced.
     Using two freedoms theoretical model of rain-wind-induced vibration ofsegmental cable with moving rivulet, the influence of the surface material of cable onrain-wind-induced vibration and reasonable value of the linear viscous damping forcecoefficient are studied. Combining the theoretical model of rain-wind-inducedvibration of segmental cable with quasi-moving rivulet which established in this paper,the regularity of coupling vibration between cable and rivulet is analyzed, andoccurring conditions of rain-wind-induced vibration of cable are proposed. Using threefreedoms theoretical model of rain-wind-induced vibration of segmental cable withmoving rivulet, the regularity of in-plane/out-of-plane vibration of cable and the effectfactors of vibration trajectory dip angle of cable section are analyzed.
     By analyzing the phenomenon of rain-wind-induced vibration of cable anddifferent of influencing factors in detail, the theoretical models of rain-wind-inducedvibration of continuous elastic cable with moving rivulet which considered in-planevibration only and in-plane/out-of-plane simultaneously are established respectively.Using these two theoretical models, the vibration characteristics of cable, thedistribution regularity of rivulet along cable and its influence on cable vibration, the regularity of coupling vibration between cable and rivulet, the influencing regularity ofthe power exponent of wind speed profile on rain-wind-induced vibration, theregularity of in-plane/out-of-plane coupling vibration of cable, and the influencingregularity of the turbulence intensity of wind field on rain-wind-induced vibration arestudied systematically.
     Reasonable explanation for the above research content is given from physicssignificance and mechanical principle. The theoretical results are in good agreementwith those obtained in the test and measurement. The consistency shows that thetheoretical models which established in this paper can consider various kinds ofinfluence factors and more fully reflect the vibration characteristics of rain-wind-induced vibration of cable than existing ones. Using these models, researchers canfurther study the occurring condition and mechanism of this cable vibration form withmathematical and mechanical instruments and analyze quantitatively, which providesreference for design and cable vibration control.
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