银根—额济纳旗地区晚古生代盆地形成与演化研究
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摘要
本文选取《银根-额济纳旗地区晚古生代盆地形成与演化研究》为题,旨在通过晚古生代主要是石炭纪-二叠纪盆地的地层沉积特征、岩浆岩时空分布及其地球化学特征的分析,开展盆地的构造格局、盆地的属性特征及盆地的形成与演化研究。
研究区石炭纪-二叠纪地层均出露在周边地区,研究区腹地由于沙漠、戈壁覆盖,露头较少。根据地层出露情况将研究区分为东、西、南、北部进行研究。石炭系在研究区西部主要出露早石炭世白山组、绿条山组和晚石炭世干泉组；北部主要出露早石炭世好比如组；东部出露晚石炭世阿木山组；南部主要以晚石炭世干泉组为主。二叠系在研究区西部主要为早中二叠世双堡塘组、中二叠世菊石滩组和金塔组及晚二叠世方山口组；北部为早中二叠世埋汗哈达组、中二叠世阿其德组和晚二叠世哈尔苏海组；东部仅见早二叠世阿木山组；南部主要为中二叠世菊石滩组,可能存在上二叠统。
研究区石炭系以浅海陆棚、局限海岸沉积为主,碳酸盐台地和辫状(扇)三角洲次之；二叠系则以浅海陆棚沉积为主,广海海岸、碳酸盐台地和扇三角洲次之。沉积序列早期以火山岩喷发为主,随后由于生物作用沉积了碳酸盐岩,最后为碎屑岩沉积。
研究区石炭纪火山岩以中酸性为主的钙碱性火山岩,少量的基性火山岩,石炭纪处于板内拉张构造环境。二叠纪火山岩以中酸性为主,少量为基性火山岩,总体也以钙碱性为主；二叠纪处于板内的拉张(伸展)构造环境。不论是石炭纪还是二叠纪,火山岩微量元素原始地幔蛛网图中总体以LILE的富集和Nb、Ta、Sr的亏损为特征,可能受到地壳的混染或与斜长石的分离结晶有关；稀土元素配分曲线以右倾的负Eu异常为特征。
研究区主要发育华力西中晚期的侵入岩,且主要为花岗岩类,其岩石类型以石英二长闪长岩、闪长岩、花岗岩和花岗闪长岩为主；显示出次铝到偏铝质的S型和I型以钙碱性系列为主的既具有拉张又有挤压性质的花岗岩类；在微量元素蛛网图中显示以Nb、Ta和Sr的亏损为特征,稀土元素表现出微弱的负铕异常。构造环境既有碰撞前、同碰撞又有碰撞后环境,显示了复杂的源区构造环境。
依据地质露头、地球物理及遥感影像资料,解释出7条一级断裂、5条二级断裂及其6条三级断裂。综合地质和地球物理资料,认为研究区晚古生代盆地具有两种性质不同的沉积基底：一种为前寒武系结晶基底或沉积变质基底,一种为下古生界沉积褶皱基底。根据研究区的地层发育、岩性组合、生物组合、沉积建造、区域构造、岩浆岩等特征将研究区石炭纪-二叠纪划分为4个一级构造单元、11个二级构造单元。
综合研究表明,研究区石炭纪-二叠纪均以裂谷裂陷盆地为主要特征,但是其发育过程有所区别：红石山-黑鹰山地区是一种由伸展到挤压环境下的裂陷盆地；巴丹吉林-银根地区属于在大陆弧隆起区和发育在大陆地壳基础上的裂谷盆地；巴彦诺尔公地区则是在拉张应力下典型的陆相火山断陷盆地。
在石炭纪-二叠纪地层展布、接触关系、沉积建造、岩浆岩研究的基础上,划分出了盆地形成与演化的阶段：
1)盆地的伸展阶段(裂谷、裂陷、有限洋盆并列格局)(D3-C1)；
2)盆地的全盛阶段(裂谷盆地的充填沉积及有限洋盆关闭)(C2-P2)；
3)盆地的收缩阶段(进积型盆地与陆相盆地充填)(P3)；
4)盆地末期(P3末期)。
The paper topic, study on the formation and evolution of the neopaleozoic basin in area of Yin'gen-Eji'naqi, was chosen to study the tectonic pattern, attributes and basin formation and evolution by analyzing the stratum characteristics, Space-time distribution of magmatic rocks and geochemical characteristics in Carboniferous-Permian of Neopaleozoic.
Stratums of Carboniferous-Permian all exposed in the surrounding area,because the re-search area is covered by desert and Gobi. Base on the exposed stratums, the paper will ex-amine the distinction of the east,west,south and north area. The Carboniferous stratums ex-posed in the west area are mainly baishan and lvtiaoshan Formation of the Lower Carbonif-erous and ganquan Formation of the Upper Carboniferous, north, haobiru Formation of the Lower Carboniferous, east, amushan Formation of the Upper Carboniferous, and ganquan Formation of the Upper Carboniferous in the south. Stratums of Permian are shuangbaotang Formation of the Lower Permian,jushitan and jinta Formation of the Middle Permian and fangshankou Formation of the Upper Permian in the west area, maihanhada Formation of the Lower Permian,aqide Formation of the Middle Permian and haersuhai Formation of the Up-per Permian in the north, and jushitan Formation of the Middle Permian and the Upper Per-mian in the south.
The Carboniferous Formation are primarily shallow-sea continental and circumscribed seacoast deposits, carbonate platform and braided river delta take second place, while the Permian are primarily shallow-sea continental, open-sea coastal, carbonate platform and fan-delta take second place. The sequence was mainly volcanic explosion in the early stage, subsequently, carbonate and lastly,elastic rocks.
Carboniferous and Permian volcanic rocks are mostly calc-alkaline series volcanic rocks, with only small amounts of alkaline series and tholeiiteseries volcanic rocks. Tectonic envi-ronment is stretching in Carboniferous-Permian. Both of the Carboniferous and Permian vol-canic trace elements, the general characteristics of enrichment of LILE and depletion in Nb,Ta and Sr,which was related to contaminated crust and crystallization differentiation of plagio-clase.The rare earth elements show faint negative Eu abnormalities.
Intrusiverock was found in research area in Middle-Late Variscan, which was granitoid. The rock type was quartz montzonite, diorite, Granite and granodiorite. The characteristic of granitoid was subaluminous and metaluminous, calc-alkaline series,extensional and extru-sional,S and I type. The general characteristics of the trace elements was depletion in Nb,Ta and Sr and rare earth elements show faint negative Eu abnormalities. The tectonic setting was pre-plate collision,syn-collision and post-collision uplife,which was Complicated.
According to the geologic outcrop, physical geography and remote sensing image datas, we divided seven primary faults, five secondary faults and third class faults. By means of geological and geophysical data,the basin in Neopaleozoic has two kinds of different sedi-mentary basements in research area, one is crystalline or sedimentary metamorphic basement in Precambrian system, the other is fold basement in the lower-paleozoic. By the features of stratum growth, lithological association, biological assemblage, sedimentary formation, areal structure and magmaticrock, we divided four first grade and eleven secondary tectonic units in Carboniferous-Permian in the area.
The comprehensive research shows that the Carboniferous-Permian are all characterized by rifts and faulted basins, but have different development process. The area of Hongshis-han-Heiyingshan was the stretch to extrusion tectonic environment, the area of Yingen-Ejinaqi was the continental crust risft basin and the area of Bayinnuoergong was pull manufactured continental rift basin.
The formation and evolution stage of the basin is divided by the study of strata distribu-tion, contactrelation, sedimentary formation and magmaticrock.
1. Stretching stage of basin (Tectionic framework of rift, rifting and limited ocean basin) (D3-C1),
2.In full bloom stage of basin (The stage of rift basin fillings and limited ocean basin closed) (C2-P2),
3. Shrinking stage of basin (Progradational basin and filling continental basin) (P3),
4.Late stage of basin (final stage of P3).
研究区石炭纪-二叠纪地层均出露在周边地区,研究区腹地由于沙漠、戈壁覆盖,露头较少。根据地层出露情况将研究区分为东、西、南、北部进行研究。石炭系在研究区西部主要出露早石炭世白山组、绿条山组和晚石炭世干泉组；北部主要出露早石炭世好比如组；东部出露晚石炭世阿木山组；南部主要以晚石炭世干泉组为主。二叠系在研究区西部主要为早中二叠世双堡塘组、中二叠世菊石滩组和金塔组及晚二叠世方山口组；北部为早中二叠世埋汗哈达组、中二叠世阿其德组和晚二叠世哈尔苏海组；东部仅见早二叠世阿木山组；南部主要为中二叠世菊石滩组,可能存在上二叠统。
研究区石炭系以浅海陆棚、局限海岸沉积为主,碳酸盐台地和辫状(扇)三角洲次之；二叠系则以浅海陆棚沉积为主,广海海岸、碳酸盐台地和扇三角洲次之。沉积序列早期以火山岩喷发为主,随后由于生物作用沉积了碳酸盐岩,最后为碎屑岩沉积。
研究区石炭纪火山岩以中酸性为主的钙碱性火山岩,少量的基性火山岩,石炭纪处于板内拉张构造环境。二叠纪火山岩以中酸性为主,少量为基性火山岩,总体也以钙碱性为主；二叠纪处于板内的拉张(伸展)构造环境。不论是石炭纪还是二叠纪,火山岩微量元素原始地幔蛛网图中总体以LILE的富集和Nb、Ta、Sr的亏损为特征,可能受到地壳的混染或与斜长石的分离结晶有关；稀土元素配分曲线以右倾的负Eu异常为特征。
研究区主要发育华力西中晚期的侵入岩,且主要为花岗岩类,其岩石类型以石英二长闪长岩、闪长岩、花岗岩和花岗闪长岩为主；显示出次铝到偏铝质的S型和I型以钙碱性系列为主的既具有拉张又有挤压性质的花岗岩类；在微量元素蛛网图中显示以Nb、Ta和Sr的亏损为特征,稀土元素表现出微弱的负铕异常。构造环境既有碰撞前、同碰撞又有碰撞后环境,显示了复杂的源区构造环境。
依据地质露头、地球物理及遥感影像资料,解释出7条一级断裂、5条二级断裂及其6条三级断裂。综合地质和地球物理资料,认为研究区晚古生代盆地具有两种性质不同的沉积基底：一种为前寒武系结晶基底或沉积变质基底,一种为下古生界沉积褶皱基底。根据研究区的地层发育、岩性组合、生物组合、沉积建造、区域构造、岩浆岩等特征将研究区石炭纪-二叠纪划分为4个一级构造单元、11个二级构造单元。
综合研究表明,研究区石炭纪-二叠纪均以裂谷裂陷盆地为主要特征,但是其发育过程有所区别：红石山-黑鹰山地区是一种由伸展到挤压环境下的裂陷盆地；巴丹吉林-银根地区属于在大陆弧隆起区和发育在大陆地壳基础上的裂谷盆地；巴彦诺尔公地区则是在拉张应力下典型的陆相火山断陷盆地。
在石炭纪-二叠纪地层展布、接触关系、沉积建造、岩浆岩研究的基础上,划分出了盆地形成与演化的阶段：
1)盆地的伸展阶段(裂谷、裂陷、有限洋盆并列格局)(D3-C1)；
2)盆地的全盛阶段(裂谷盆地的充填沉积及有限洋盆关闭)(C2-P2)；
3)盆地的收缩阶段(进积型盆地与陆相盆地充填)(P3)；
4)盆地末期(P3末期)。
The paper topic, study on the formation and evolution of the neopaleozoic basin in area of Yin'gen-Eji'naqi, was chosen to study the tectonic pattern, attributes and basin formation and evolution by analyzing the stratum characteristics, Space-time distribution of magmatic rocks and geochemical characteristics in Carboniferous-Permian of Neopaleozoic.
Stratums of Carboniferous-Permian all exposed in the surrounding area,because the re-search area is covered by desert and Gobi. Base on the exposed stratums, the paper will ex-amine the distinction of the east,west,south and north area. The Carboniferous stratums ex-posed in the west area are mainly baishan and lvtiaoshan Formation of the Lower Carbonif-erous and ganquan Formation of the Upper Carboniferous, north, haobiru Formation of the Lower Carboniferous, east, amushan Formation of the Upper Carboniferous, and ganquan Formation of the Upper Carboniferous in the south. Stratums of Permian are shuangbaotang Formation of the Lower Permian,jushitan and jinta Formation of the Middle Permian and fangshankou Formation of the Upper Permian in the west area, maihanhada Formation of the Lower Permian,aqide Formation of the Middle Permian and haersuhai Formation of the Up-per Permian in the north, and jushitan Formation of the Middle Permian and the Upper Per-mian in the south.
The Carboniferous Formation are primarily shallow-sea continental and circumscribed seacoast deposits, carbonate platform and braided river delta take second place, while the Permian are primarily shallow-sea continental, open-sea coastal, carbonate platform and fan-delta take second place. The sequence was mainly volcanic explosion in the early stage, subsequently, carbonate and lastly,elastic rocks.
Carboniferous and Permian volcanic rocks are mostly calc-alkaline series volcanic rocks, with only small amounts of alkaline series and tholeiiteseries volcanic rocks. Tectonic envi-ronment is stretching in Carboniferous-Permian. Both of the Carboniferous and Permian vol-canic trace elements, the general characteristics of enrichment of LILE and depletion in Nb,Ta and Sr,which was related to contaminated crust and crystallization differentiation of plagio-clase.The rare earth elements show faint negative Eu abnormalities.
Intrusiverock was found in research area in Middle-Late Variscan, which was granitoid. The rock type was quartz montzonite, diorite, Granite and granodiorite. The characteristic of granitoid was subaluminous and metaluminous, calc-alkaline series,extensional and extru-sional,S and I type. The general characteristics of the trace elements was depletion in Nb,Ta and Sr and rare earth elements show faint negative Eu abnormalities. The tectonic setting was pre-plate collision,syn-collision and post-collision uplife,which was Complicated.
According to the geologic outcrop, physical geography and remote sensing image datas, we divided seven primary faults, five secondary faults and third class faults. By means of geological and geophysical data,the basin in Neopaleozoic has two kinds of different sedi-mentary basements in research area, one is crystalline or sedimentary metamorphic basement in Precambrian system, the other is fold basement in the lower-paleozoic. By the features of stratum growth, lithological association, biological assemblage, sedimentary formation, areal structure and magmaticrock, we divided four first grade and eleven secondary tectonic units in Carboniferous-Permian in the area.
The comprehensive research shows that the Carboniferous-Permian are all characterized by rifts and faulted basins, but have different development process. The area of Hongshis-han-Heiyingshan was the stretch to extrusion tectonic environment, the area of Yingen-Ejinaqi was the continental crust risft basin and the area of Bayinnuoergong was pull manufactured continental rift basin.
The formation and evolution stage of the basin is divided by the study of strata distribu-tion, contactrelation, sedimentary formation and magmaticrock.
1. Stretching stage of basin (Tectionic framework of rift, rifting and limited ocean basin) (D3-C1),
2.In full bloom stage of basin (The stage of rift basin fillings and limited ocean basin closed) (C2-P2),
3. Shrinking stage of basin (Progradational basin and filling continental basin) (P3),
4.Late stage of basin (final stage of P3).
引文
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