大型机械压力机动压油膜轴承静力、流场分析及润滑试验
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摘要
机械压力机生产效率高、成形精度高，是先进的成形设备，作为大型机械压力机关键零部件的动压油膜轴承，其合理设计是保证整机可靠运行、减少维护的技术关键。目前针对低速重载动压油膜轴承的研究一般限于轧机设备，用于机械压力机的相关研究工作与其在实际生产中的应用程度相比较少，这方面的研究对提高压力机的设计制造水平，延长使用寿命、减少修复有重要的实际意义。
针对“齐二机床”生产的2500吨大型多工位压力机动压油膜轴承进行应力、变形分析，对轴瓦强度、刚度作出评估；对轴承油膜压力、温度分布进行仿真，对轴承运行情况作出评估；最后试验验证轴承油膜温度模拟的正确性。
介绍了2500吨多工位压力机主体的主要零部件，建立了主体模型，采用有限元软件进行了静力学仿真，得到各轴瓦在压机均载与偏载时的应力、变形分布，经过分析，各轴瓦强度、刚度满足使用要求，各偏心轴倾斜量在0.11mm左右，轴承支承精度良好。改变轴瓦厚度，对轴瓦强度、刚度、支承精度影响很小。在载荷反向位置对轴瓦开油槽，对轴瓦强度、刚度基本无影响。
对2500吨压机动压油膜轴承中的油膜进行了流场分析，得到压力分布、温度分布，油膜最大压力98.3MPa，最高温度57.2℃，轴承运行情况良好。分析了转速、相对间隙、供油压力对压力分布、温度分布、承载力的影响。
根据相似理论确定了试验轴承，并对试验轴承进行了仿真。对试验轴承进行了试验，测出了温度。模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合，间接验证了压机油膜轴承温度模拟分析的可信度。
Mechanical presses, which have high production efficiency and high formingprecision, are advanced forming equipments. As the key parts of large mechanical presses,the hydrodynamic oil film bearings are very important. Their reasonable designs are keytechnologys which ensure that the mechanical presses operate reliably and reducemaintenance. At present, the researches on hydrodynamic oil film bearings with low speedand heavy load are generally limited to the rolling mill. Compared to their applications inthe actual production, researches on hydrodynamic oil film bearings applied onmechanical presses are much fewer. Researches in this area have important practicalsignificance for improving the design and manufacture of presses, extending the servicelife, and reducing repairs.
The stress and the deformation of the hydrodynamic oil film bearings applied on2500 tons large transfer press made by“Qier Machine Tool Group Company”are analyzed,and the strength and stiffness are evaluated. The pressure and temperature distributions ofthe oil film are simulated to assess the operation of the bearing. At last, some tests aretaken to verify the correctness of the oil film temperature simulation.
The main parts of 2500 tons transfer press are introduced and the main structuremodel is established. The finite element static analysis of the main structure is done to getthe stress and deformation distributions of each bearing with the press under uniform loadand partial load. Through the analysis, the strength and stiffness of each bearing meetrequirements. The tilt of each eccentric shaft is about 0.11mm, and the precisions ofbearings are better. Changing the thickness of bearings has little effect on the strength,stiffness, and support accuracy of bearings. Opening tanks on bearings at the reverseposition of the load has no influence on the strength and stiffness of bearings.
The oil film flow field of hydrodynamic oil film bearing applied on 2500 tonstransfer press is simulated to obtain the pressure distribution and temperature distribution.The maximum of oil film pressure is 98.3MPa, the maximum of oil film temperature is57.2℃, and the bearing operates well. The influences of the speed, the relative gap, and outside oil pressure on the pressure distribution, temperature distribution, and bearingcapacity are analyzed.
Based on the similarity theory, the test bearing is determined, and is simulated. Thetest bearing is tested to measure the temperature. The simulation and experimental resultscoincide and indirectly verify the credibility of the temperature simulation analysis of theoil film bearing applied on the transfer press.
针对“齐二机床”生产的2500吨大型多工位压力机动压油膜轴承进行应力、变形分析，对轴瓦强度、刚度作出评估；对轴承油膜压力、温度分布进行仿真，对轴承运行情况作出评估；最后试验验证轴承油膜温度模拟的正确性。
介绍了2500吨多工位压力机主体的主要零部件，建立了主体模型，采用有限元软件进行了静力学仿真，得到各轴瓦在压机均载与偏载时的应力、变形分布，经过分析，各轴瓦强度、刚度满足使用要求，各偏心轴倾斜量在0.11mm左右，轴承支承精度良好。改变轴瓦厚度，对轴瓦强度、刚度、支承精度影响很小。在载荷反向位置对轴瓦开油槽，对轴瓦强度、刚度基本无影响。
对2500吨压机动压油膜轴承中的油膜进行了流场分析，得到压力分布、温度分布，油膜最大压力98.3MPa，最高温度57.2℃，轴承运行情况良好。分析了转速、相对间隙、供油压力对压力分布、温度分布、承载力的影响。
根据相似理论确定了试验轴承，并对试验轴承进行了仿真。对试验轴承进行了试验，测出了温度。模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合，间接验证了压机油膜轴承温度模拟分析的可信度。
Mechanical presses, which have high production efficiency and high formingprecision, are advanced forming equipments. As the key parts of large mechanical presses,the hydrodynamic oil film bearings are very important. Their reasonable designs are keytechnologys which ensure that the mechanical presses operate reliably and reducemaintenance. At present, the researches on hydrodynamic oil film bearings with low speedand heavy load are generally limited to the rolling mill. Compared to their applications inthe actual production, researches on hydrodynamic oil film bearings applied onmechanical presses are much fewer. Researches in this area have important practicalsignificance for improving the design and manufacture of presses, extending the servicelife, and reducing repairs.
The stress and the deformation of the hydrodynamic oil film bearings applied on2500 tons large transfer press made by“Qier Machine Tool Group Company”are analyzed,and the strength and stiffness are evaluated. The pressure and temperature distributions ofthe oil film are simulated to assess the operation of the bearing. At last, some tests aretaken to verify the correctness of the oil film temperature simulation.
The main parts of 2500 tons transfer press are introduced and the main structuremodel is established. The finite element static analysis of the main structure is done to getthe stress and deformation distributions of each bearing with the press under uniform loadand partial load. Through the analysis, the strength and stiffness of each bearing meetrequirements. The tilt of each eccentric shaft is about 0.11mm, and the precisions ofbearings are better. Changing the thickness of bearings has little effect on the strength,stiffness, and support accuracy of bearings. Opening tanks on bearings at the reverseposition of the load has no influence on the strength and stiffness of bearings.
The oil film flow field of hydrodynamic oil film bearing applied on 2500 tonstransfer press is simulated to obtain the pressure distribution and temperature distribution.The maximum of oil film pressure is 98.3MPa, the maximum of oil film temperature is57.2℃, and the bearing operates well. The influences of the speed, the relative gap, and outside oil pressure on the pressure distribution, temperature distribution, and bearingcapacity are analyzed.
Based on the similarity theory, the test bearing is determined, and is simulated. Thetest bearing is tested to measure the temperature. The simulation and experimental resultscoincide and indirectly verify the credibility of the temperature simulation analysis of theoil film bearing applied on the transfer press.
引文
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[2]杨建玺,邓四二,夏新涛,等.油膜轴承的应用与展望[J].矿山机械, 2001, (7): 56-57.
[3]郭溪泉,李树青.现代大型连轧机油膜轴承[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2000.
[4]濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2007.
[5]张建华.多工位压力机的特点及其在汽车工业中的应用[J].工程设计与应用研究, 2001, (4):7-9.
[6]刘强华,侯维东.大型多工位自动压力机的发展与使用[J].锻压机械, 1999, 34(6): 11-13.
[7]王健伟.多工位压力机数控液压垫液压系统的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学机械电子工程学科工学硕士学位论文, 2007: 1-10.
[8]李振石,黄尧坤,阮卫平.数控多工位压力机开发探讨[J].锻压装备与制造技术, 2008, 43
(5):32-34.
[9]徐芸. 2500吨多工位压力机可靠性及精度分析[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学材料加工工程学科工学硕士学位论文, 2010.
[10]关凯书,张美华,吕宝君.滑动轴承最小油膜厚度的模糊化优化设计[J].莱阳农学院学报,1997, 14(1): 76-78.
[11]蒯苏苏.内燃机滑动轴承最小油膜厚度分布状态的研究[J].农业机械学报, 2000, 31(2):64-66.
[12]朱明道.油膜厚度与滑动轴承精度的讨论[J].上海电力学院学报, 1994, 14(3): 25-29.
[13] Mehta NP, Rattan SS. Performance of Three-Lobe Pressure Dam Bearing[J]. Tribology Internatio-nal, 1993, 26(6): 435-442.
[14]姜歌东,谢友柏.滑动轴承油膜动特性的时域多工况识别法[J].机械科学与技术, 2000, 19
(1): 123-124.
[15]张直明,张言羊,谢友柏,等.滑动轴承的流体动力润滑理论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1986.
[16]李贵三.滑动轴承油膜非线性动态特性的探讨[J].辽阳石油化工高等专科学校学报, 2000,16
(1): 34-36.
[17]陈云飞,黄锡时,许尚贤.动静压滑动轴承的稳定性分析[J].机械科学与技术, 1997, 16(3):369-462.
[18]方跃法.滑动轴承动静态测试精度分析[J].燕山大学学报, 1998, 22(1): 90-92.
[19]吴生富.三座标多工位压力机[J].一重技术, 1994, (3): 75-97,47.
[20]刘于康.多工位压力机主传动机构的计算机分析及模拟[J].中国重型装备, 2001, (2): 1-6.
[21]洪凯,王玉山,李冬梅,等.多连杆机械压力机的特点介绍[J].山东机械, 1998, (3): 37-39.
[22]姚健,周微,郭为忠.多连杆压力机模块化运动学性能分析[J].锻压技术, 2008, 33(6): 111-115.
[23]李勃,王玉山,于洪照,等. LS4-2000A型闭式四点多连杆压力机[J].锻压装备与工业炉,2004, (3): 37-38.
[24]王卫卫.材料成形设备[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2008: 26-28.
[25]中国工程学会锻压学会.锻压手册[M]:第3卷.第2版.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002:260-300.
[26]李兵,何正嘉,陈雪峰. ANSYS Workbench设计、仿真与优化[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008: 1-20.
[27]王文斌.机械设计手册[M].北京.机械工业出版社, 2002.
[28] Ostachowicz, Wieslaw1. Hybrid Finite Element Method is Contact Problems[J]. Mechanika Teore-tyczna Stosowana, 1984, (22): 135-149.
[29]张益锋,夏亮,詹俊勇. J75G-200型闭式高速精密压力机机身分析[J].安徽水利水电职业技术学院学报, 2011, 11(1): 4-6.
[30]詹俊勇,黄建民. JH21-63型压力机机身的有限元分析与结构测试[J].现代机械, 2010, (2):24-25.
[31]杜建伟,孙远国,宋清玉.热模锻压力机机身联合有限元分析[J].一重技术, 2011, (3): 1-3.
[32]机械设计手册编委会.机械设计手册.第4版:滑动轴承[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2007:15-16.
[33]王创民.基于ANSYS的油膜轴承油膜温度场分析[J].机械管理开发, 2008, 23 (5): 101-102,104.
[34]孙建召,王建梅,薛涛,等.轧机轴承润滑油膜温度场有限元分析[J].润滑与密封,2011,36
(1):39-42,48.
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