高功率密度电驱动系统低谐波电源技术研究
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摘要
本课题来源于军民两用技术超高功率密度电驱动系统和国防科工委关于螺旋桨飞机模型风洞改造项目的关键技术研究,高功率密度电驱动系统由高功率密度驱动电机、低谐波变频电源、高温高压油源冷却系统及异步电机动态参数在线检测四部分组成。旨在研究满足螺旋桨飞机模型风洞试验要求的为高功率密度电驱动系统供电的低谐波变频电源。
本文分析了高功率密度电驱动系统中谐波对异步电机的影响,特别是谐波损耗的计算方法,针对高功率密度异步电动机发热严重,电动机额定输入频率高的特点,设计了电压型SPWM低谐波变频电源,为了满足电源的特殊技术指标,研究了逆变器重构技术、指定谐波抑制等方法,提高变频电源的品质。
针对风洞试验中螺旋桨的转速调节要求,研究了高功率密度异步电机变频调节的高效运行条件,增加了异步电机功率密度。
提出将异步电机圆图方法应用于高功率密度电驱动系统中驱动电机的运行分析上,圆图方法可通过空载和短路试验用图解法求得电机的工作特性,本文用这种方法来求取高功率密度异步电机的效率及功率因数等参数,并将其推广到稀土永磁同步电机的电枢电流分析上。
最后利用Matlab软件分析了第3章中的谐波转矩脉动,又根据第4章中低谐波变频电源的设计方案进行建模,对第5章中提出的谐波抑制方案进行了仿真对比,结果表明:采用指定谐波抑制技术后,降低了电源的谐波含量,增加了电驱动系统的功率密度,验证了方案的正确性。同时对高功率密度电驱动系统变频供电时进行了测试。
High power-density electric-drive system used in wind tunnel propeller model is researched in this dissertation with the background of the key technology development of rebuilding items. The system is composed of four parts, high power-density motor, low harmonic variable-frequency power, spray oil cooling with high temperature and pressure and the online test of the dynamic parameters. The research in this thesis is focused on the low harmonic variable-frequency power for the system meeting the needs of wind tunnel propeller model testing requirements.The effects of harmonic on high power-density asynchronous machines are analyzed, specially the calculation methods of harmonic loss. The SPWM with low harmonic is designed aiming at the characteristics of calorific severity and high rated power-input of motor in the system, to satisfy the special qualification of variable-frequency power. Aiming at the rotate speed regulating requests of propeller the high efficiency control strategy is researched to increase the power density of motor.Then the armature current method is investigated, which is proposed by no-load and full-load tests to calculate the efficiency and power factor of the motor, being extended to the rare-earth permanent magnet synchronous machines. The proposed method has been experimentally tested, which is found to work as theoretical expectation and used to oil fields saving energy.Finally the ripple of torques is simulated by Matlab. Through modeling variable-frequency power, the method of specified harmonic-restrained is simulated. The simulation results show that the harmonic content is reduced and the power density is increased.
本文分析了高功率密度电驱动系统中谐波对异步电机的影响,特别是谐波损耗的计算方法,针对高功率密度异步电动机发热严重,电动机额定输入频率高的特点,设计了电压型SPWM低谐波变频电源,为了满足电源的特殊技术指标,研究了逆变器重构技术、指定谐波抑制等方法,提高变频电源的品质。
针对风洞试验中螺旋桨的转速调节要求,研究了高功率密度异步电机变频调节的高效运行条件,增加了异步电机功率密度。
提出将异步电机圆图方法应用于高功率密度电驱动系统中驱动电机的运行分析上,圆图方法可通过空载和短路试验用图解法求得电机的工作特性,本文用这种方法来求取高功率密度异步电机的效率及功率因数等参数,并将其推广到稀土永磁同步电机的电枢电流分析上。
最后利用Matlab软件分析了第3章中的谐波转矩脉动,又根据第4章中低谐波变频电源的设计方案进行建模,对第5章中提出的谐波抑制方案进行了仿真对比,结果表明:采用指定谐波抑制技术后,降低了电源的谐波含量,增加了电驱动系统的功率密度,验证了方案的正确性。同时对高功率密度电驱动系统变频供电时进行了测试。
High power-density electric-drive system used in wind tunnel propeller model is researched in this dissertation with the background of the key technology development of rebuilding items. The system is composed of four parts, high power-density motor, low harmonic variable-frequency power, spray oil cooling with high temperature and pressure and the online test of the dynamic parameters. The research in this thesis is focused on the low harmonic variable-frequency power for the system meeting the needs of wind tunnel propeller model testing requirements.The effects of harmonic on high power-density asynchronous machines are analyzed, specially the calculation methods of harmonic loss. The SPWM with low harmonic is designed aiming at the characteristics of calorific severity and high rated power-input of motor in the system, to satisfy the special qualification of variable-frequency power. Aiming at the rotate speed regulating requests of propeller the high efficiency control strategy is researched to increase the power density of motor.Then the armature current method is investigated, which is proposed by no-load and full-load tests to calculate the efficiency and power factor of the motor, being extended to the rare-earth permanent magnet synchronous machines. The proposed method has been experimentally tested, which is found to work as theoretical expectation and used to oil fields saving energy.Finally the ripple of torques is simulated by Matlab. Through modeling variable-frequency power, the method of specified harmonic-restrained is simulated. The simulation results show that the harmonic content is reduced and the power density is increased.
引文
1 H.Koser and J.H.Lang, Modeling A High Power Density MEMS Magnetic Induction Machine, Nanotech, Vol.Jun 2001
2 Chang-chou Hwang &Y. H. Cho, Effects of leakage Flux on Magnetic Fields of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL.37, NO.4, July 2001, 3021_3024
3 T. Duru, Generalized approach on modeling, analysis and simulation of salient pole like permanent magnet synchronous motors, International Conf. on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bursa, Turkey, December 1999, 203_207
4 K. Yamamoto, T.A. Lipo, K. Shinohara & Y. Sueyohsi, Power loss reduction and optimum modulation index of PWM inverter with voltage booster for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive, IPEC-Tokyo, 2000, 147_152
5 王凤翔编著,交流电机的非正弦供电,机械工业出版社,1997年8月,55_83
6 杨惠宗,袁仲文,陆火庆,泵与风机,上海交通出版社,1992,73_82
7 佟为明,SPWM电压源逆变器变压变频过程的谐波分析,电力电子技术,1995,21(3)
8 万健如,高频器谐波对负载影响的仿真分析,电力电子技术,2001,34(5)
9 李白雅,变频调速系统中脉宽调制逆变器输出谐波的仿真研究,防爆电机,2002.17
10 CHEN Sen, YEH ShengNian, Optimal efficiency analysis of induction motors fed by variable-voltage and variable-frequency source [J], IEEE Transactions in Energy Conversion, 1992, 7 (3), 537_543
11 H.Yoo & R. Pimmel, Short term load forecasting using self-supervised adaptive neural network, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 14 (2) , 1999, 779_784
12 J.Vermaak & E.C. Botha, Recurrent neural networks for short-term load forecasting, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 13 (1) , 1998, 126_132
13 周雪琴主编,计算机控制系统,西北工业大学出版社,1998,72_183
14 张立、赵永健编著,现代电力电子技术,科学出版社,1995,132_176
15 Rowan T M,Kerkman R J, Lipo A. Operation of naturally sampled current regulators in the transition mode, IEEE Tans Ind Appl, 1987, 23 (4), 586_596
16 陈隆昌、阎治安、刘新正编著,控制电机(第3版),西安电子科技大学出版社,2000,7_58,216_231
17 陈桂明、张明照等,应用MATLAB建模与仿真,科学出版社,2001
18 S. Bhattacharya, D. Divan & B. Ben Banerjee, Control and reduction of terminal voltage total harmonic distorsion (THD) in a hybrid series active and parallel passive filter system, IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conf. (PESC), Seattle, USA, 1993, 779_786
19 H. Yoo & R. Pimmel, Short term load forecasting using self-supervised adaptive neural network, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,. 14 (2), 1999, 779_784
20 陈国呈,PWM变频调速技术,机械工业出版社,1998
21 Hava A M,Kerkman R j, Simple analytical and graphical tools for carder based PWM methods, IEEE PESC Conf.Rec.Missouri, 1997, 1462_1471
22 Bellini A, Figalli G, A modulation technique for field-controller induction motors easy to be implemented on a microcomputer, IEEE IECON, 1984, 851_856
23 李冰,邓智泉,严仰光.高速异步电机设计的关键技术,微特电机,2002,30(6)
24 李红梅、李忠非,逆变器供电感应电动机动态性能及低频振荡,合肥工业大学学报,2000年6月
25 S.D.T.Robertson and K.M.Hebbar, Torque pulsation in induction motors with inverter drivers, IEEE Trans.Ind.Gen.Appl.vol.IGA-7, 1971, 318_323,
26 N.Urakawa, New High Voltage Insulation System for Air-Cooled Turbine Generators, Proc IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference, Cincinnati, 1999 October, 353_367
27 窦满锋,周凤歧,稀土永磁同步电机的k_(ad)~((pm)),k_(ad)~((pm))计算方法研究,西北工业大学学报,2000第18卷,第2期
28 E.列维,多相电动机直接设计法,机械工业出版社,1989年1月,62_94,
29 陈世坤,电机设计,机械工业出版社,2000,76_85
30 刘承榆、张威,逆变器供电的鼠笼异步电动机总损耗的效率计算,中小型电机,1991年1月
31 王祥珩等,交流励磁电机的谐波分析,电机与控制学报,1997(1)
32 B.海勒尔,V.哈马塔,异步电机谐波磁场的作用,机械工业出版社,1980
33 K. Yoshida, K. Kesamaru and Y. Hita, "Analysis of eddy currents in PM of surface-mounted-PM SM", Research Reports on ISEE of Kyushu University, vol, 2, September 1997, 271_276
34 A.Khotanzad, R. Afkhami-Rohani & R. Maratukulam, ANNSTLF, Arti_cial neural network short-term load forecaster Generation three, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 13 (4) , 1998, 1413_1422L.Xu and L.Ye, Analysis of a novel stator winding structure minimizing harmonic current and torque ripple for dual six-step converter-fed high power ac machines, IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, vol. 31, May1995, 84_90
36 Ajit K. Chattopadhyay, High Power High Performance Industrial AC Drives, A Technology Review, Department of Electrical Engineering Bengal Engineering College, Vol 04 2003O.Ojo and I.E.Davidson, PWM-SVI inverter-assisted stand-alone dual stator winding induction generator, IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications vol. 36, May 2000, 1604_1611
38 Machmoum Metal, Steady state analysis of adoubly fed asynchronous machine supplied by acurrent-controlled cyclo-onvertor in the rotor, IEE Proceedings-B 1992, 139 (2), 14_121
39 李钟明等,稀土永磁电机,国防工业出版社,1999.10
2 Chang-chou Hwang &Y. H. Cho, Effects of leakage Flux on Magnetic Fields of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL.37, NO.4, July 2001, 3021_3024
3 T. Duru, Generalized approach on modeling, analysis and simulation of salient pole like permanent magnet synchronous motors, International Conf. on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bursa, Turkey, December 1999, 203_207
4 K. Yamamoto, T.A. Lipo, K. Shinohara & Y. Sueyohsi, Power loss reduction and optimum modulation index of PWM inverter with voltage booster for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive, IPEC-Tokyo, 2000, 147_152
5 王凤翔编著,交流电机的非正弦供电,机械工业出版社,1997年8月,55_83
6 杨惠宗,袁仲文,陆火庆,泵与风机,上海交通出版社,1992,73_82
7 佟为明,SPWM电压源逆变器变压变频过程的谐波分析,电力电子技术,1995,21(3)
8 万健如,高频器谐波对负载影响的仿真分析,电力电子技术,2001,34(5)
9 李白雅,变频调速系统中脉宽调制逆变器输出谐波的仿真研究,防爆电机,2002.17
10 CHEN Sen, YEH ShengNian, Optimal efficiency analysis of induction motors fed by variable-voltage and variable-frequency source [J], IEEE Transactions in Energy Conversion, 1992, 7 (3), 537_543
11 H.Yoo & R. Pimmel, Short term load forecasting using self-supervised adaptive neural network, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 14 (2) , 1999, 779_784
12 J.Vermaak & E.C. Botha, Recurrent neural networks for short-term load forecasting, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 13 (1) , 1998, 126_132
13 周雪琴主编,计算机控制系统,西北工业大学出版社,1998,72_183
14 张立、赵永健编著,现代电力电子技术,科学出版社,1995,132_176
15 Rowan T M,Kerkman R J, Lipo A. Operation of naturally sampled current regulators in the transition mode, IEEE Tans Ind Appl, 1987, 23 (4), 586_596
16 陈隆昌、阎治安、刘新正编著,控制电机(第3版),西安电子科技大学出版社,2000,7_58,216_231
17 陈桂明、张明照等,应用MATLAB建模与仿真,科学出版社,2001
18 S. Bhattacharya, D. Divan & B. Ben Banerjee, Control and reduction of terminal voltage total harmonic distorsion (THD) in a hybrid series active and parallel passive filter system, IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conf. (PESC), Seattle, USA, 1993, 779_786
19 H. Yoo & R. Pimmel, Short term load forecasting using self-supervised adaptive neural network, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,. 14 (2), 1999, 779_784
20 陈国呈,PWM变频调速技术,机械工业出版社,1998
21 Hava A M,Kerkman R j, Simple analytical and graphical tools for carder based PWM methods, IEEE PESC Conf.Rec.Missouri, 1997, 1462_1471
22 Bellini A, Figalli G, A modulation technique for field-controller induction motors easy to be implemented on a microcomputer, IEEE IECON, 1984, 851_856
23 李冰,邓智泉,严仰光.高速异步电机设计的关键技术,微特电机,2002,30(6)
24 李红梅、李忠非,逆变器供电感应电动机动态性能及低频振荡,合肥工业大学学报,2000年6月
25 S.D.T.Robertson and K.M.Hebbar, Torque pulsation in induction motors with inverter drivers, IEEE Trans.Ind.Gen.Appl.vol.IGA-7, 1971, 318_323,
26 N.Urakawa, New High Voltage Insulation System for Air-Cooled Turbine Generators, Proc IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference, Cincinnati, 1999 October, 353_367
27 窦满锋,周凤歧,稀土永磁同步电机的k_(ad)~((pm)),k_(ad)~((pm))计算方法研究,西北工业大学学报,2000第18卷,第2期
28 E.列维,多相电动机直接设计法,机械工业出版社,1989年1月,62_94,
29 陈世坤,电机设计,机械工业出版社,2000,76_85
30 刘承榆、张威,逆变器供电的鼠笼异步电动机总损耗的效率计算,中小型电机,1991年1月
31 王祥珩等,交流励磁电机的谐波分析,电机与控制学报,1997(1)
32 B.海勒尔,V.哈马塔,异步电机谐波磁场的作用,机械工业出版社,1980
33 K. Yoshida, K. Kesamaru and Y. Hita, "Analysis of eddy currents in PM of surface-mounted-PM SM", Research Reports on ISEE of Kyushu University, vol, 2, September 1997, 271_276
34 A.Khotanzad, R. Afkhami-Rohani & R. Maratukulam, ANNSTLF, Arti_cial neural network short-term load forecaster Generation three, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 13 (4) , 1998, 1413_1422L.Xu and L.Ye, Analysis of a novel stator winding structure minimizing harmonic current and torque ripple for dual six-step converter-fed high power ac machines, IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, vol. 31, May1995, 84_90
36 Ajit K. Chattopadhyay, High Power High Performance Industrial AC Drives, A Technology Review, Department of Electrical Engineering Bengal Engineering College, Vol 04 2003O.Ojo and I.E.Davidson, PWM-SVI inverter-assisted stand-alone dual stator winding induction generator, IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications vol. 36, May 2000, 1604_1611
38 Machmoum Metal, Steady state analysis of adoubly fed asynchronous machine supplied by acurrent-controlled cyclo-onvertor in the rotor, IEE Proceedings-B 1992, 139 (2), 14_121
39 李钟明等,稀土永磁电机,国防工业出版社,1999.10
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