横向磁通永磁同步电机研究
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摘要
提高电机的转矩密度,可以缩小电机的体积和重量,不仅节约原材料,而且可以使电机应用于许多对体积重量要求比较高的场合。横向磁通电机由于可以获得较高的转矩密度现在正成为电机界研究的热点。作为国家高技术研究发展计划的一部分,本文对横向磁通永磁电机的一些共性关键技术问题进行了深入的研究,提出了横向磁通永磁电机的分析及电磁计算方法,并通过对横向磁通电机的结构和制造工艺的分析,提出了新型的工艺过程简便的结构。本文的工作主要包括以下几部分内容:
首先对本文研究的横向磁通电机的三维电磁场分析模型进行了简化,提出了对不符合周期条件的求解区域在工程设计允许的范围内进行简化处理的方法,同时对商业软件进行了二次开发,编制了周期条件处理程序,减少了三维电磁场计算时间。采用简化的三维电磁场计算方法对横向磁通永磁电机内部磁通分布进行了研究,计算了各部分的磁通密度分布和漏磁通的走向,得到了电机的空载漏磁系数及空载反电动势以及主要的漏磁通分量。给出了在电磁场计算结果后处理基础上的横向磁通永磁电机的设计计算方法。
横向磁通电机结构复杂,但设计灵活,电机各参数之间相互制约,电机结构尺寸的选择对电机的转矩密度、漏磁系数影响很大。本文研究了横向磁通电机的结构参数对电机性能的影响趋势,给出了横向磁通电机设计的规律以及获得高的功率因数及转矩密度的途径和电机主要设计参数对电机性能的影响规律,为设计横向磁通电机提供了依据。
通过对横向磁通永磁电机的电磁场分析计算,发现横向磁通永磁电机转子端面漏磁通占漏磁通比例很大,在计算结果的指导下采取了在漏磁通磁路中提供一个与漏磁磁势相反的磁势的方法来降低漏磁通取得了预期效果。
工艺性差是目前公认的一个主要问题。通过对各种电机的结构特点及其加工工艺的分析研究,提出了新型的横向磁通永磁电机结构,定子铁心采用硅钢片卷绕结构,转子采用内置式永磁体结构,给出了新结构加工的工艺方法。内置永磁体转子结构,使得电机可以获得高的气隙磁通密度,而且转子加工工艺过程与传统永磁电机相近;卷绕定子铁心的加工工艺过程中,不需要冲剪,绕组机械化直接绕在定子铁心上,定子加工工艺性优于传统结构电机。同时没有冲剪下脚料产生,提高了定子硅钢片材料利用率。
To have a high power density of the electric machine can reduce the volume and weight of the machine. It is no only can save energy and rough material but also can make the machine meet the special requirement of volume and weight. Because of the transverse flux machine can achieve high power density, it becomes a hotspot of electric machinery research. As a branch of National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China, this dissertation is devoted to the study on the transverse flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (TFPM). In this paper, the analysis and design method is presented. Based on the study on the structure techniques of TFPM, a TFPM with new structure is developed. There are some main parts in as follows.
As the 3D electromagnetic field calculation region of the TFPM is not suitable for the periodic condition, the calculation must be done for the whole region. It takes too much time. Firstly, a method is adopted to simplify the 3D model with periodic condition. And the subroutine is developed to add the periodic condition in the commercial 3D FEM software. 3D electromagnetic field analysis is done to analyze the magnetic flux distribution in the TFPM. Base on the field analysis, the mathematical model is given. And the design calculating and the parameter calculating method are presented.
Some questions related to the power density and power factor of TFPM are discussed. The relation between the dimensions and performance studied in this paper. The orientation to obtain better performance is given.
From the electromagnetic field calculation, it finds out that the flux leakage in the side surface is large.Under this direction, a additional magnetic motive force is given against the flux leakage.
Poor manufacture technics is a main problem of the TFPM. By the study on the different structure and technics, a new structure of single side TFPM with convolute stator and inner magnet rotor is developed. The stator core is made by convoluted silicon steel tape. The stator manufacture does not need punching. There is no deserted silicon steel during the stator production .The utilization rate of silicon steel approaches 100%. The winding can be mechanized convolute arrond the stator core. The manufacture technics of the TFPM is improved.
首先对本文研究的横向磁通电机的三维电磁场分析模型进行了简化,提出了对不符合周期条件的求解区域在工程设计允许的范围内进行简化处理的方法,同时对商业软件进行了二次开发,编制了周期条件处理程序,减少了三维电磁场计算时间。采用简化的三维电磁场计算方法对横向磁通永磁电机内部磁通分布进行了研究,计算了各部分的磁通密度分布和漏磁通的走向,得到了电机的空载漏磁系数及空载反电动势以及主要的漏磁通分量。给出了在电磁场计算结果后处理基础上的横向磁通永磁电机的设计计算方法。
横向磁通电机结构复杂,但设计灵活,电机各参数之间相互制约,电机结构尺寸的选择对电机的转矩密度、漏磁系数影响很大。本文研究了横向磁通电机的结构参数对电机性能的影响趋势,给出了横向磁通电机设计的规律以及获得高的功率因数及转矩密度的途径和电机主要设计参数对电机性能的影响规律,为设计横向磁通电机提供了依据。
通过对横向磁通永磁电机的电磁场分析计算,发现横向磁通永磁电机转子端面漏磁通占漏磁通比例很大,在计算结果的指导下采取了在漏磁通磁路中提供一个与漏磁磁势相反的磁势的方法来降低漏磁通取得了预期效果。
工艺性差是目前公认的一个主要问题。通过对各种电机的结构特点及其加工工艺的分析研究,提出了新型的横向磁通永磁电机结构,定子铁心采用硅钢片卷绕结构,转子采用内置式永磁体结构,给出了新结构加工的工艺方法。内置永磁体转子结构,使得电机可以获得高的气隙磁通密度,而且转子加工工艺过程与传统永磁电机相近;卷绕定子铁心的加工工艺过程中,不需要冲剪,绕组机械化直接绕在定子铁心上,定子加工工艺性优于传统结构电机。同时没有冲剪下脚料产生,提高了定子硅钢片材料利用率。
To have a high power density of the electric machine can reduce the volume and weight of the machine. It is no only can save energy and rough material but also can make the machine meet the special requirement of volume and weight. Because of the transverse flux machine can achieve high power density, it becomes a hotspot of electric machinery research. As a branch of National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China, this dissertation is devoted to the study on the transverse flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (TFPM). In this paper, the analysis and design method is presented. Based on the study on the structure techniques of TFPM, a TFPM with new structure is developed. There are some main parts in as follows.
As the 3D electromagnetic field calculation region of the TFPM is not suitable for the periodic condition, the calculation must be done for the whole region. It takes too much time. Firstly, a method is adopted to simplify the 3D model with periodic condition. And the subroutine is developed to add the periodic condition in the commercial 3D FEM software. 3D electromagnetic field analysis is done to analyze the magnetic flux distribution in the TFPM. Base on the field analysis, the mathematical model is given. And the design calculating and the parameter calculating method are presented.
Some questions related to the power density and power factor of TFPM are discussed. The relation between the dimensions and performance studied in this paper. The orientation to obtain better performance is given.
From the electromagnetic field calculation, it finds out that the flux leakage in the side surface is large.Under this direction, a additional magnetic motive force is given against the flux leakage.
Poor manufacture technics is a main problem of the TFPM. By the study on the different structure and technics, a new structure of single side TFPM with convolute stator and inner magnet rotor is developed. The stator core is made by convoluted silicon steel tape. The stator manufacture does not need punching. There is no deserted silicon steel during the stator production .The utilization rate of silicon steel approaches 100%. The winding can be mechanized convolute arrond the stator core. The manufacture technics of the TFPM is improved.
引文
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