广东省凡口铅锌矿矿区地下水害防治方案研究
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摘要
我国许多矿山的水文地质条件很复杂,地下水问题长期制约着矿山的开采和发展,如果没有采取合理的治水方案,不但影响矿山的安全开采,同时会引发一系列地质环境问题,给矿山生产带来许多灾害。因此深入研究矿区水文地质条件,探索更加合理、经济、可靠、环保的治水方案成为一个需要认真对待的课题。
论文依托广东凡口铅锌矿矿区地质环境恢复治理项目,在深入研究矿区地质概况、水文地质条件的基础上,对矿区现有的地下水疏干排水方案存在的问题进行了分析研究,并针对凡口矿的水文地质条件和后续资源开发的要求提出了更加科学合理的治水方案,即采用帷幕截流与现有排水设施结合而成的“外截内排”方案,该方案不仅能使得矿区东南部狮岭矿体得到解放,同时能缩小降水漏斗范围,减少矿坑排水量,很大程度上保护了地下水资源以及矿区地质环境。
首先分析了矿区区域地质条件和水文地质条件,确定了矿区水文地质边界、矿区控水构造的水文地质性质、矿区地下水补给来源以及矿坑的主要进水通道的特点,其次分析矿区现有的排水方案所存在的问题和不足,考虑矿区实际的水文地质条件以及矿区后续资源开发所面临的地下水方面的威胁,提出了帷幕截流治水方法与矿区现有排水设施结合而成的“外截内排”方案,从水文地质条件角度分析了凡口矿区采取帷幕截流方案的可行性,并根据实际的水文地质条件对帷幕截流线进行了初步设计,最后,在对矿区水文地质条件定性化研究的基础上,采用数值模拟技术,对矿区水文地质条件进行定量化研究。根据矿区内钻孔资料,经过合理的概化,利用GMS软件Solid模块,采用自然邻近插值法建立矿区三维地质模型,根据本次研究的重点,选取壶天群岩溶含水层为研究对象,采用等效多孔介质模型,建立三维水文地质模型,利用GMS中的ModFlow模块对模型识别校正,建立较为准确的水文地质数值模拟模型,在此基础上对帷幕截流方案进行模拟,评价其治水效果。模拟结果显示截流效果显著,不仅降低了矿坑排水量,也保护了矿区地下水资源以及矿区地质环境,对矿区防治水具有指导意义。
The hydrogeological conditions of many mineral deposits in China are complex. Dredging or even deep down strong emission of under groundwater was carried out when mining, which triggered a series of geological environment problems and disasters to exploration. All those problems make it necessary to search for more safety, environmental, economic schemes to control groundwater in the field of deposit hydrogeology.
This paper takes Fankou Pb-Zn deposit in Guangdong as an example, tries to provide a reasonable control scheme. On basis of deeply understanding the geological and hydrogeological conditions, analyzing the problem of existing groundwater drainage, the‘cut-off outside and pumping inside’program was proposed based on the use of cement purdah and combination of existing drainage facilities, which not only makes it possible to mine the Shiling orebody in southeastern of the mining area, but also reduces the range of precipitation funnel and water discharge. This program also largely helps protecting the groundwater resources and geological environment in Fankou Pb-Zn mining area.
The regional geological and hydrogeological conditions were analyzed to determine the hydrogeological boundaries, hydrogeological properties of water control structures,, groundwater supply sources and the main runoff channel to mine. Based on the problem of existing drainage program, hydrogeological condition and probable threats brought about by groundwater, combined the cement purdah program and existing drainage facilities, the‘cut-off outside and pumping inside’control scheme was proposed. The feasibility of this scheme was analyzed in hydrogeological conditions, and also the actual line of the cement purdah was preliminarily designed. Numerical simulation was used to qualitatively studying the hydrogeological conditions. First of all, we use GMS software Solid module to establish three-dimensional geological model based on the generalized drilling data in the Fankou Pb-Zn deposit. Karst aquifer in Hutian group was selected as the object of our study. The equivalent porous medium model was used to establish three-dimensional hydrogeological model. The calibration and identification of hydrogeological model was done by MODFlow module in GMS, which favors establishing a more accurate model of hydrogeological numerical simulation. Then, we modeled the cement purdah scheme and evaluated its groundwater control effects. All our researches imply that the effect of cement purdah groundwater control scheme is remarkable in Fankou Pb-Zn deposit. It not only helps reducing the mine discharge, but also protecting the groundwater resources and geological environment.
论文依托广东凡口铅锌矿矿区地质环境恢复治理项目,在深入研究矿区地质概况、水文地质条件的基础上,对矿区现有的地下水疏干排水方案存在的问题进行了分析研究,并针对凡口矿的水文地质条件和后续资源开发的要求提出了更加科学合理的治水方案,即采用帷幕截流与现有排水设施结合而成的“外截内排”方案,该方案不仅能使得矿区东南部狮岭矿体得到解放,同时能缩小降水漏斗范围,减少矿坑排水量,很大程度上保护了地下水资源以及矿区地质环境。
首先分析了矿区区域地质条件和水文地质条件,确定了矿区水文地质边界、矿区控水构造的水文地质性质、矿区地下水补给来源以及矿坑的主要进水通道的特点,其次分析矿区现有的排水方案所存在的问题和不足,考虑矿区实际的水文地质条件以及矿区后续资源开发所面临的地下水方面的威胁,提出了帷幕截流治水方法与矿区现有排水设施结合而成的“外截内排”方案,从水文地质条件角度分析了凡口矿区采取帷幕截流方案的可行性,并根据实际的水文地质条件对帷幕截流线进行了初步设计,最后,在对矿区水文地质条件定性化研究的基础上,采用数值模拟技术,对矿区水文地质条件进行定量化研究。根据矿区内钻孔资料,经过合理的概化,利用GMS软件Solid模块,采用自然邻近插值法建立矿区三维地质模型,根据本次研究的重点,选取壶天群岩溶含水层为研究对象,采用等效多孔介质模型,建立三维水文地质模型,利用GMS中的ModFlow模块对模型识别校正,建立较为准确的水文地质数值模拟模型,在此基础上对帷幕截流方案进行模拟,评价其治水效果。模拟结果显示截流效果显著,不仅降低了矿坑排水量,也保护了矿区地下水资源以及矿区地质环境,对矿区防治水具有指导意义。
The hydrogeological conditions of many mineral deposits in China are complex. Dredging or even deep down strong emission of under groundwater was carried out when mining, which triggered a series of geological environment problems and disasters to exploration. All those problems make it necessary to search for more safety, environmental, economic schemes to control groundwater in the field of deposit hydrogeology.
This paper takes Fankou Pb-Zn deposit in Guangdong as an example, tries to provide a reasonable control scheme. On basis of deeply understanding the geological and hydrogeological conditions, analyzing the problem of existing groundwater drainage, the‘cut-off outside and pumping inside’program was proposed based on the use of cement purdah and combination of existing drainage facilities, which not only makes it possible to mine the Shiling orebody in southeastern of the mining area, but also reduces the range of precipitation funnel and water discharge. This program also largely helps protecting the groundwater resources and geological environment in Fankou Pb-Zn mining area.
The regional geological and hydrogeological conditions were analyzed to determine the hydrogeological boundaries, hydrogeological properties of water control structures,, groundwater supply sources and the main runoff channel to mine. Based on the problem of existing drainage program, hydrogeological condition and probable threats brought about by groundwater, combined the cement purdah program and existing drainage facilities, the‘cut-off outside and pumping inside’control scheme was proposed. The feasibility of this scheme was analyzed in hydrogeological conditions, and also the actual line of the cement purdah was preliminarily designed. Numerical simulation was used to qualitatively studying the hydrogeological conditions. First of all, we use GMS software Solid module to establish three-dimensional geological model based on the generalized drilling data in the Fankou Pb-Zn deposit. Karst aquifer in Hutian group was selected as the object of our study. The equivalent porous medium model was used to establish three-dimensional hydrogeological model. The calibration and identification of hydrogeological model was done by MODFlow module in GMS, which favors establishing a more accurate model of hydrogeological numerical simulation. Then, we modeled the cement purdah scheme and evaluated its groundwater control effects. All our researches imply that the effect of cement purdah groundwater control scheme is remarkable in Fankou Pb-Zn deposit. It not only helps reducing the mine discharge, but also protecting the groundwater resources and geological environment.
引文
Berkowitz B, Scher H, Silliman S E. Anomalous transport in laboratory-scale, heterogeneous porous media, Water ResourcesResearch, 2000, 36(1), 149~158.
Borelli M, Pavlinz B. Approach to the Problem of Undergrouond Water Leakage from the Storages in Karst Regions. In: Hydrologie des Roches Fissures, Proc. of
Dufresne D P,Drake C W.Regional groundwater flow model construction and wellfield site selection in a karst area, Lake City,Florida, Engineering Geology,1999
Field S M. Risk assessment methodology for karst aquifers,Solute-transport modeling. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,1997,47(1), 23~37.
Howard. A. D. and C. G. Groves. Early development of karst systems: 2. Turbulent flow. WaterRes.Research. Vol. 31, No. 1P19~26,1995
Lomize G M. Groundwater in Fractured,Moscow: Gosenergoizdat, 1951.
Neuman S. P. Calibration of distributed parameter groundwater flow models viewed as a multiple-objective decision process under uncertainty, Water Resources
Pankow J F, Johnson R L, Hewetson J P, et al.An Evaluation of Contaminant Migration Patternsat Two Waste Disposal Sites on Fractured PorousMedia in Terms of SAMANI N,KOMPANI-ZARE M,BARRY D A. MODFLOW equipped with a newmethod for the accurate simulation of axisymmetric flow.Advances in Water Resources,2004,27:31
Yeh W. W-G, Tauxe C. W. Quasilinearization and the identification of aquifer parameters, Water Resources Research, 1971,7(2):375~381
Yeh W. W-G, Review of parameter identification procedures in groundwater hydrology: The inverse problem, Water Resources Research, 1986,22(1):95~108
Yeh W. W-G, Yoon Y. S. and Lee K. S. Aquifer para meter identification with Kriging and optimum parameterization, Water Resources Research, 1983,19(1):225
陈崇希,胡立堂,王旭升.地下水流模拟系统PGMS(1.0版简介).水文地质工程地质,2007(6):1~2
陈崇希.岩溶管道—裂隙—孔隙三重介质地下水流模型及模拟方法研究.地球科学,1995,20(4):361~366
陈崇希.岩溶管道—裂隙—孔隙三重空隙介质地下水流模型及模拟方法研究,地球科学,1995(4):361~365
陈广洲,汪家全,解华明.随机优化算法在水文地质参数识别中的应用.水电能源科学,2008(2):75~77
陈洁.丰予井田三维地质可视化模型研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2009
成建梅,陈崇希.广西北山岩溶管道—裂隙—孔隙地下水流数值模拟初探.水文地质工程地质,1998(4):50~54
高建军,祝瑞勤,徐大宽.岩溶充水矿床帷幕注浆堵水技术研究.水文地质工程地质,2007(5):123~127
高瑞忠,朝伦巴根,贾德彬,柴建华.基于非稳定流抽水试验的BP神经网络确定含水层参数研究.沈阳农业大学学报,2004(5~6):510~512
高雪池.托底灌浆技术在岩溶塌陷防治中的应用研究高.公路,2004(8):116~119
郝治福,康绍忠.地下水系统数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势.水利水电科技进展,2006(1):77~81
虎维岳.矿山水害防治理论与方法.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2005
黄勇,周志芳,王锦国.基于抽水试验的水文地质参数三维进化反演.河海大学学报(自然科学版),2002(6): 26~29
赖苗,赵坚.岩溶地下水渗流计算方法综述.水电能源科学,2002(4):44~47
李金凯,等.矿井岩溶水防治.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1990
李竞生,姚磊华.含水层参数识别方法.北京:地质出版社,2003
刘国,毛邦燕,许模,白爱忠.复杂岩溶含水介质概化初探.物探化探计算技术,2007(5):439~442
美国地调局网站:http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/modflow2005/modflow2005.html
钱家忠,汪家全,葛晓光,张寿全,李如忠.我国北方型裂隙岩溶水流及污染物运移数值模拟研究进展.水利水电科技进展,2003(7):509~512
邱进锋,占仲国,刘森. MODFLOW在求解水文地质参数中的应用.中国水运,2006(12):50~51
宋汉周,王建平.边坑水库岩溶渗漏问题研究.中国岩溶,1992,11(1):5~19.
宋少云,李世其.耦合场协同仿真中节点载荷插值的混合法.计算机仿真,2006,23(8):73~75
孙讷正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法.北京:地质出版社,1981
汤国安,杨昕. ARCGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程.北京:科学出版社,2006
王军,容玲聪.安庆铜矿地下水渗流场的模拟.矿业研究与开发,2004 (6):25~27
王智,高瑾,董新光. MODFLOW在三工河流域地下水资源评价中的应用.新疆农业大学学报,2002,25(4):29~34
吴剑锋,朱学愚.由MODFLOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势.工程勘察,2000(2):12~15
吴世艳,周启友,杨国勇,张晓勇.双重介质模型在岩溶地下水流动系统模拟中的应用.水文地质工程地质,2008(6):16~21
夏日元,郭纯青.岩溶地下水系统单元网络数学模拟方法研究.中国岩溶,1992,11(4):267~276
薛禹群,吴吉春.面向21世纪的中国地下水模拟问题.水文地质与工程地质,1999(5):1~3
薛禹群,谢春红.地下水数值法.北京:科学出版社,2007
薛禹群,张幼宽,林家勇.双重介质渗流模型及其里兹有限元解在矿坑用水量预测中的应用.水文地质及工程地质,1984(2):33~39
薛禹群.地下水动力学原理.北京:地质出版社,1986
薛禹群.地下水数值模拟在我国—回顾与展望—为《水文地质工程地质》创刊40年而作,水文地质工程地质,1997(4):21~24
杨春玲,邢世录,韩爱中.地下水系统数值模拟的研究进展.内蒙古科技与经济,2007(11):305~307
朱东林,聂德新,葛修润. 3D-Modflow在模拟库岸滑坡工程地下水分布中的应用初探.岩土力学,2002,23(3):378~381
Borelli M, Pavlinz B. Approach to the Problem of Undergrouond Water Leakage from the Storages in Karst Regions. In: Hydrologie des Roches Fissures, Proc. of
Dufresne D P,Drake C W.Regional groundwater flow model construction and wellfield site selection in a karst area, Lake City,Florida, Engineering Geology,1999
Field S M. Risk assessment methodology for karst aquifers,Solute-transport modeling. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,1997,47(1), 23~37.
Howard. A. D. and C. G. Groves. Early development of karst systems: 2. Turbulent flow. WaterRes.Research. Vol. 31, No. 1P19~26,1995
Lomize G M. Groundwater in Fractured,Moscow: Gosenergoizdat, 1951.
Neuman S. P. Calibration of distributed parameter groundwater flow models viewed as a multiple-objective decision process under uncertainty, Water Resources
Pankow J F, Johnson R L, Hewetson J P, et al.An Evaluation of Contaminant Migration Patternsat Two Waste Disposal Sites on Fractured PorousMedia in Terms of SAMANI N,KOMPANI-ZARE M,BARRY D A. MODFLOW equipped with a newmethod for the accurate simulation of axisymmetric flow.Advances in Water Resources,2004,27:31
Yeh W. W-G, Tauxe C. W. Quasilinearization and the identification of aquifer parameters, Water Resources Research, 1971,7(2):375~381
Yeh W. W-G, Review of parameter identification procedures in groundwater hydrology: The inverse problem, Water Resources Research, 1986,22(1):95~108
Yeh W. W-G, Yoon Y. S. and Lee K. S. Aquifer para meter identification with Kriging and optimum parameterization, Water Resources Research, 1983,19(1):225
陈崇希,胡立堂,王旭升.地下水流模拟系统PGMS(1.0版简介).水文地质工程地质,2007(6):1~2
陈崇希.岩溶管道—裂隙—孔隙三重介质地下水流模型及模拟方法研究.地球科学,1995,20(4):361~366
陈崇希.岩溶管道—裂隙—孔隙三重空隙介质地下水流模型及模拟方法研究,地球科学,1995(4):361~365
陈广洲,汪家全,解华明.随机优化算法在水文地质参数识别中的应用.水电能源科学,2008(2):75~77
陈洁.丰予井田三维地质可视化模型研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2009
成建梅,陈崇希.广西北山岩溶管道—裂隙—孔隙地下水流数值模拟初探.水文地质工程地质,1998(4):50~54
高建军,祝瑞勤,徐大宽.岩溶充水矿床帷幕注浆堵水技术研究.水文地质工程地质,2007(5):123~127
高瑞忠,朝伦巴根,贾德彬,柴建华.基于非稳定流抽水试验的BP神经网络确定含水层参数研究.沈阳农业大学学报,2004(5~6):510~512
高雪池.托底灌浆技术在岩溶塌陷防治中的应用研究高.公路,2004(8):116~119
郝治福,康绍忠.地下水系统数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势.水利水电科技进展,2006(1):77~81
虎维岳.矿山水害防治理论与方法.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2005
黄勇,周志芳,王锦国.基于抽水试验的水文地质参数三维进化反演.河海大学学报(自然科学版),2002(6): 26~29
赖苗,赵坚.岩溶地下水渗流计算方法综述.水电能源科学,2002(4):44~47
李金凯,等.矿井岩溶水防治.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1990
李竞生,姚磊华.含水层参数识别方法.北京:地质出版社,2003
刘国,毛邦燕,许模,白爱忠.复杂岩溶含水介质概化初探.物探化探计算技术,2007(5):439~442
美国地调局网站:http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/modflow2005/modflow2005.html
钱家忠,汪家全,葛晓光,张寿全,李如忠.我国北方型裂隙岩溶水流及污染物运移数值模拟研究进展.水利水电科技进展,2003(7):509~512
邱进锋,占仲国,刘森. MODFLOW在求解水文地质参数中的应用.中国水运,2006(12):50~51
宋汉周,王建平.边坑水库岩溶渗漏问题研究.中国岩溶,1992,11(1):5~19.
宋少云,李世其.耦合场协同仿真中节点载荷插值的混合法.计算机仿真,2006,23(8):73~75
孙讷正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法.北京:地质出版社,1981
汤国安,杨昕. ARCGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程.北京:科学出版社,2006
王军,容玲聪.安庆铜矿地下水渗流场的模拟.矿业研究与开发,2004 (6):25~27
王智,高瑾,董新光. MODFLOW在三工河流域地下水资源评价中的应用.新疆农业大学学报,2002,25(4):29~34
吴剑锋,朱学愚.由MODFLOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势.工程勘察,2000(2):12~15
吴世艳,周启友,杨国勇,张晓勇.双重介质模型在岩溶地下水流动系统模拟中的应用.水文地质工程地质,2008(6):16~21
夏日元,郭纯青.岩溶地下水系统单元网络数学模拟方法研究.中国岩溶,1992,11(4):267~276
薛禹群,吴吉春.面向21世纪的中国地下水模拟问题.水文地质与工程地质,1999(5):1~3
薛禹群,谢春红.地下水数值法.北京:科学出版社,2007
薛禹群,张幼宽,林家勇.双重介质渗流模型及其里兹有限元解在矿坑用水量预测中的应用.水文地质及工程地质,1984(2):33~39
薛禹群.地下水动力学原理.北京:地质出版社,1986
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