深井厚煤层多条上山围岩控制技术研究与应用
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摘要
随着大规模的开发和利用,煤炭浅部资源越来越少,我国矿井开采正经历着一个由浅到深,地质条件由简单到复杂的过程,深部矿井逐渐增多,煤层开采时的绝对瓦斯涌出量有逐渐增大的趋势,要求采区(或带区)准备巷道条数(或断面积)加大;同时,随着煤巷锚杆支护技术和矿山绿色开采技术的发展以及国家对环境保护整治力度的加强,越来越多的采区上山、运输大巷和回风大巷布置在煤层中。因此研究深井厚煤层多条上山围岩控制技术具有重要的工程实用价值。本文以山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司五阳煤矿“深井厚煤层上山多巷协调变形机理与控制技术研究”项目为依托,综合运用计算机数值模拟、理论分析、实验室试验及现场实测等多种研究方法,较为系统地研究了厚煤层多条上山巷道围岩控制理论与技术。主要内容和结果如下:
1、进行岩石三轴压缩围压分级长时加载实验,结果表明:围压较小时,围压对试件变形的影响较小,随着围压的增大,其对试件变形的影响也逐渐增大。当轴向应力增大时,围压也要随着增大,才能对试件变形产生较大的影响,才能更好地控制岩石变形。这些规律为高应力厚煤层上山采用高强高预应力锚杆锚索支护提供理论依据。
2、通过上山巷道断面优化的理论计算和FLAC2D数值模拟分析,得到上山巷道断面合理尺寸。
3、研究多条上山巷道掘进施工时对巷道围岩变形的相互影响,发现其体现出“多巷协调变形”概念,并通过FLAC2D数值模拟和采动巷道围岩内部结构探测,综合研究厚煤层上山多巷协调变形机理。同时通过对上山煤柱宽度的数值模拟,得到了不同煤柱宽度条件下的上山巷道群应力与变形规律,进而得到了合理的上山巷道群煤柱宽度。
4、提出了高应力厚煤层上山高强高预应力锚杆锚索支护配合注浆的综合支护方案,并在五阳煤矿进行了支护实践,取得了显著的效果。
Along with large scale development and utilization, the shallow coal resources less and less. Mine exploitation in our county is undergoing a from shallow to deep, geological conditions from simple to complex, deep mines coal increase gradually, the absolute amount addimg has the tendency of increase gradually. Requirements of mining area (band area) preparation roadway numbers (basal area enlarges) is increasing. As coal roadway bolting technology and mining green mining technology development and national environmental protection efforts to strengthen regulation, more and more district raises, transport tunnels and main return ways have been digged in coal seam. Therefore, the research of thick coal seam multiple district raise of surrounding rock control technology has important practical value.
Based on the project“Multi Uphill Roadway Coordination and Control Technology in Deformation Mechanismof Thick Coal in Deep Mines”of Shanxi Luan Environmental Energy Development Co., Ltd Wu Yang coal mine, comprehensive use of computer numerical simulation and theory analysis, the laboratory test and field test and so on many kinds of research methods, systematically studied surrounding rock theory and control technology of multiple district raise in thick coal seam. The main content and the results are as follows:
1. Under Confining pressure grading long load with triaxial compression experiments, results show that: confining pressure are smaller, less influence of specimen deformation, but with confining pressure increases, the influence of specimen deformation increased gradually. When the axial pressure is very large, only larger confining pressure could control specimen deformation. These laws up for the high stress thick coal seam by prestressed anchor cable supporting steels provides theoretical basis.
2. Based on calculation of roadway section optimization analyzed, draw up the optimal size of district uphill roadway section.
3. According to district raise surrounding rockmass deformation when tunneling of influence each other, put forward "multiple coordination and roadway deformation" concept. Through numerical simulation FLAC2D and peep detection technology of dynamic pressure tunnel strata,comprehensive research multiple coordination and roadway deformation in thick coal seam.At the same time, based on the numerical simulation of uphill roadway coal pillar width, getting stress with deformation regularity and reasonable coal pillar width of uphill roadway group.
4. Puts forward the comprehensive reinforcing scheme which has already mixed high strength and high prestress bolt and anchor cable supporting and grouting technique in the rise entry which in high stress thick coal seam,the practice of supporting has achieved remarkable results in Wu Yang coal mine.
1、进行岩石三轴压缩围压分级长时加载实验,结果表明:围压较小时,围压对试件变形的影响较小,随着围压的增大,其对试件变形的影响也逐渐增大。当轴向应力增大时,围压也要随着增大,才能对试件变形产生较大的影响,才能更好地控制岩石变形。这些规律为高应力厚煤层上山采用高强高预应力锚杆锚索支护提供理论依据。
2、通过上山巷道断面优化的理论计算和FLAC2D数值模拟分析,得到上山巷道断面合理尺寸。
3、研究多条上山巷道掘进施工时对巷道围岩变形的相互影响,发现其体现出“多巷协调变形”概念,并通过FLAC2D数值模拟和采动巷道围岩内部结构探测,综合研究厚煤层上山多巷协调变形机理。同时通过对上山煤柱宽度的数值模拟,得到了不同煤柱宽度条件下的上山巷道群应力与变形规律,进而得到了合理的上山巷道群煤柱宽度。
4、提出了高应力厚煤层上山高强高预应力锚杆锚索支护配合注浆的综合支护方案,并在五阳煤矿进行了支护实践,取得了显著的效果。
Along with large scale development and utilization, the shallow coal resources less and less. Mine exploitation in our county is undergoing a from shallow to deep, geological conditions from simple to complex, deep mines coal increase gradually, the absolute amount addimg has the tendency of increase gradually. Requirements of mining area (band area) preparation roadway numbers (basal area enlarges) is increasing. As coal roadway bolting technology and mining green mining technology development and national environmental protection efforts to strengthen regulation, more and more district raises, transport tunnels and main return ways have been digged in coal seam. Therefore, the research of thick coal seam multiple district raise of surrounding rock control technology has important practical value.
Based on the project“Multi Uphill Roadway Coordination and Control Technology in Deformation Mechanismof Thick Coal in Deep Mines”of Shanxi Luan Environmental Energy Development Co., Ltd Wu Yang coal mine, comprehensive use of computer numerical simulation and theory analysis, the laboratory test and field test and so on many kinds of research methods, systematically studied surrounding rock theory and control technology of multiple district raise in thick coal seam. The main content and the results are as follows:
1. Under Confining pressure grading long load with triaxial compression experiments, results show that: confining pressure are smaller, less influence of specimen deformation, but with confining pressure increases, the influence of specimen deformation increased gradually. When the axial pressure is very large, only larger confining pressure could control specimen deformation. These laws up for the high stress thick coal seam by prestressed anchor cable supporting steels provides theoretical basis.
2. Based on calculation of roadway section optimization analyzed, draw up the optimal size of district uphill roadway section.
3. According to district raise surrounding rockmass deformation when tunneling of influence each other, put forward "multiple coordination and roadway deformation" concept. Through numerical simulation FLAC2D and peep detection technology of dynamic pressure tunnel strata,comprehensive research multiple coordination and roadway deformation in thick coal seam.At the same time, based on the numerical simulation of uphill roadway coal pillar width, getting stress with deformation regularity and reasonable coal pillar width of uphill roadway group.
4. Puts forward the comprehensive reinforcing scheme which has already mixed high strength and high prestress bolt and anchor cable supporting and grouting technique in the rise entry which in high stress thick coal seam,the practice of supporting has achieved remarkable results in Wu Yang coal mine.
引文
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