卫星导航系统干扰抑制技术
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摘要
卫星导航系统的出现是导航技术的一次飞跃，随之在各领域的迅速推广，它易于受到干扰的问题日益显现出来。在强干扰环境，其扩频增益不足以对干扰进行抑制时，需要采用各种抗干扰措施。卫星导航系统在干扰环境中对干扰抑制能力的强弱已经成为其是否能够发挥作用的关键。因此，对卫星导航系统的干扰抑制技术的研究，对我国卫星导航系统的发展具有重要的理论意义及应用价值。
论文主要研究两部分内容，一是采用多天线信号处理技术实现干扰抑制，二是干扰环境中信号捕获问题。主要工作如下：
第二章研究多径干扰抑制问题。首先，系统分析了静态环境中近距多径信号对码环、载波环及接收信噪比的影响。其次，分析了多径信号对小范围多天线系统的影响。最后，利用小范围多天线系统中多径信号对接收机码环、载波环及信噪比影响的相关性，提出了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的多径干扰抑制技术，解决了近距多径信号的抑制问题。
第三章研究卫星导航系统中多天线姿态确定问题。首先，系统介绍了GPS定姿中有关的坐标系统和当前常用的定姿算法。其次，结合自适应阵抗干扰方法和卫星信号DOA估计方法，提出了具有抗干扰能力的定姿接收机结构和算法，算法在准确跟踪卫星并得到伪码相位和多普勒的同时，完成姿态确定。最后，作为各种定姿系统的补充，提出了基于信噪比的定姿算法，算法要求天线数目较少，亦可用于整周模糊数的搜索范围确定。
第四章研究自适应阵干扰抑制技术。首先分析了自适应阵最优权值和性能，进而根据卫星导航信号极弱的特点，改进了基于特征结构子空间的自适应阵结构，应用于导航信号干扰抑制，与最佳权值自适应阵相比，在干扰抑制性能上优于前者。
第五章研究GPS信号检测及捕获问题。分析了采用包络检测器及采用平方律检测器数字码环检测特性，以平方律检测器为例分析其捕获特性。分析结果对长周期序列伪随机码直接捕获具有重要参考价值。
论文最后进行了总结，指出进一步研究方向。
Satellite navigation system is regarded as a great revolution to the navigation technology. While its rapid development in various field, the problem of its prone to be interfered by radio interference get much attention. When the processing gain do not provide sufficient improvement, it is necessary to employing various anti-jam measures, especially in strong jamming environment. Satellite navigation system's ability of anti-jam in jamming environment is the key problem to its further development. Therefore , it is very important and urgent in both theretical researches and practical applications to propose various effective measures in order to enhance the system's perfermance.
This dissertation focuses on two aspect: the first is anti-jam technology of multi-antenna
signal processing ;the other is signal acquisition in jamming environment. The main efforts of
research consist of four issues:
Chapter Ⅱ studies multipath rejection problem. Firstly ,the effects of short-delay multipath to the DLL,PLL,and SNR of receive signal are discussed. Then the effects of multipath to multiple closely spaced antennas are presented. And solve the problem by promote a new method based on Extended Kalman Filtering, which utilize the correlation of measure data of DLL,PLL and SNR of each antenna.
Chapter Ⅲ studies attitude determination problem by multi-antenna. The coordinate system and ad-algorithm is introduced firstly. Secondly, the algorithm and ad-receiver figure are put forward, which can work well in jamming environment for attitude determination while track the satellite's code phase and Doppler frequency. An ad-algorithm based on SNR is promoted which use few antenna, the method can be used as a complementarity of other ad-system .
Chapter Ⅳ studies anti-jam technology of adaptive array. The optimization weight and performance of adaptive array is discussed. Then, based on the characteristic of navigation signal, the figure and algorithm of adaptive array are improve on, which has a superior performance on CR and a little inferior on SINR compared with optimization weight adaptive array.
Chapter Ⅴ studies the detection and acqusition of satellite navigation signal. The detection perfermance of envelope detector and square-law detector is analyzed, and acquisition performance of non-correlate detector is studied later. The result is important to analysis direct long-cycle PN code acquistion .
论文主要研究两部分内容，一是采用多天线信号处理技术实现干扰抑制，二是干扰环境中信号捕获问题。主要工作如下：
第二章研究多径干扰抑制问题。首先，系统分析了静态环境中近距多径信号对码环、载波环及接收信噪比的影响。其次，分析了多径信号对小范围多天线系统的影响。最后，利用小范围多天线系统中多径信号对接收机码环、载波环及信噪比影响的相关性，提出了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的多径干扰抑制技术，解决了近距多径信号的抑制问题。
第三章研究卫星导航系统中多天线姿态确定问题。首先，系统介绍了GPS定姿中有关的坐标系统和当前常用的定姿算法。其次，结合自适应阵抗干扰方法和卫星信号DOA估计方法，提出了具有抗干扰能力的定姿接收机结构和算法，算法在准确跟踪卫星并得到伪码相位和多普勒的同时，完成姿态确定。最后，作为各种定姿系统的补充，提出了基于信噪比的定姿算法，算法要求天线数目较少，亦可用于整周模糊数的搜索范围确定。
第四章研究自适应阵干扰抑制技术。首先分析了自适应阵最优权值和性能，进而根据卫星导航信号极弱的特点，改进了基于特征结构子空间的自适应阵结构，应用于导航信号干扰抑制，与最佳权值自适应阵相比，在干扰抑制性能上优于前者。
第五章研究GPS信号检测及捕获问题。分析了采用包络检测器及采用平方律检测器数字码环检测特性，以平方律检测器为例分析其捕获特性。分析结果对长周期序列伪随机码直接捕获具有重要参考价值。
论文最后进行了总结，指出进一步研究方向。
Satellite navigation system is regarded as a great revolution to the navigation technology. While its rapid development in various field, the problem of its prone to be interfered by radio interference get much attention. When the processing gain do not provide sufficient improvement, it is necessary to employing various anti-jam measures, especially in strong jamming environment. Satellite navigation system's ability of anti-jam in jamming environment is the key problem to its further development. Therefore , it is very important and urgent in both theretical researches and practical applications to propose various effective measures in order to enhance the system's perfermance.
This dissertation focuses on two aspect: the first is anti-jam technology of multi-antenna
signal processing ;the other is signal acquisition in jamming environment. The main efforts of
research consist of four issues:
Chapter Ⅱ studies multipath rejection problem. Firstly ,the effects of short-delay multipath to the DLL,PLL,and SNR of receive signal are discussed. Then the effects of multipath to multiple closely spaced antennas are presented. And solve the problem by promote a new method based on Extended Kalman Filtering, which utilize the correlation of measure data of DLL,PLL and SNR of each antenna.
Chapter Ⅲ studies attitude determination problem by multi-antenna. The coordinate system and ad-algorithm is introduced firstly. Secondly, the algorithm and ad-receiver figure are put forward, which can work well in jamming environment for attitude determination while track the satellite's code phase and Doppler frequency. An ad-algorithm based on SNR is promoted which use few antenna, the method can be used as a complementarity of other ad-system .
Chapter Ⅳ studies anti-jam technology of adaptive array. The optimization weight and performance of adaptive array is discussed. Then, based on the characteristic of navigation signal, the figure and algorithm of adaptive array are improve on, which has a superior performance on CR and a little inferior on SINR compared with optimization weight adaptive array.
Chapter Ⅴ studies the detection and acqusition of satellite navigation signal. The detection perfermance of envelope detector and square-law detector is analyzed, and acquisition performance of non-correlate detector is studied later. The result is important to analysis direct long-cycle PN code acquistion .
引文
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[2]Paul T. Capozza, Brian J. Holland, Thomas M. Hopkinson. A Single-Chip Narrow-Band Frequency-Domain Excisor for a Global Positioning System(GPS) Receiver, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Voi. 35, NO. 3, March 2000.
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[4]Triveni Upadhyay, George Dimos, Wassim Ferzali. Test Results on Mitigation of Satcom-induced Interference to GPS Operation, ION GPS, 1995.
[5]Huan-Wan Tseng, Atterberg. Small Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna(S-CRPA) Design and Test Results, Proceedings of 26th JSDE Conferecne, October 2000.
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[7]Phillip W. Ward. GPS Receiver RF Interference Monitoring, Mitigation, and Analysis Techniques, Navigation, Winter 1994.
[8]R.L. Fante, J.J. Vaccaro. Wideband Cancellation of Interference in a GPS Receive Array, IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic System, Vol. 36, NO. 2, April 2000.
[9]Alexander M.Haimovich, M.O. Berin. A Sampling-based Approach to Wideband Interference Cancellation, IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic System, Vol. 34, NO.1, January 1998.
[10]唐瑜，严梅，李乐民．自适应波束形成器在CDMA系统中抗干扰技术的研究，电子学报，Vol．27，NO．4，April 1999．
[11]Joseph Przyjemski, Edmund Balboni, John Dowdle. GPS Anti-Jam Enhancement Techniques, ION-GPS Proceedings, 1993.
[12]张中华．GPS抗干扰，全球定位系统，April 2002．
[13]董绪荣，张守信，华仲春．GPS/INS组合导航定位及其应用，长沙：国防科技大学出版社，1998．
[14]H. Carvalho, P. Del Moral. Optimal Nonlinear Filtering in GPS/INS integration, IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic System, Vol. 33, NO. 3, July 1997.
[15]Alison Brown, Dale Reynolds. Jammer and Interference Location System—Design and Initial Test Results, Proceedings of the ION National Technical Meeting, Sepetember 1999.
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