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建鲤不同选育家系的建立、生长比较及建鲤与荷包红鲤遗传相似性分析
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摘要
建鲤是20世纪80年代末由中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心育成的第一个遗传性状稳定的优良鲤品种,具有生长快、体型优美、抗病能力强、适应性好等特点。由于各方面的原因,建鲤进入大面积推广后,在繁育过程仅开展了强度很小的群体选育,导致了建鲤生长性状的个体差异增大。为了改良建鲤的生长性状,培育新的优良鲤鱼品种,1997年中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心在亚洲开发银行(ADB)、国际水生生物资源管理中心(ICLARM)的支持下,开始了通过群体选育和建鲤与黄河鲤杂交来改良建鲤生长性状的试验研究,并于1999年底顺利完成了鲤鱼遗传改良项目的第一阶段的工作,获得了选育效果明显的建鲤和具有明显杂种优势的建鲤(♀)和黄河鲤((?))的杂交一代——暂称建黄。
     为了进一步提高建鲤选育的效果,提高改良性状可遗传性,在本试验中,采用家系选育的方法,并运用PIT标记通过无线频率标识系统对试验鲤鱼进行标记,通过家系间及家系内个体的生长情况的比较,对其下一代通过家系选育进行生长性状改良的潜力进行预测,并对建黄杂交后代的遗传分离程度及在鲤鱼育种上的价值进行评估。同时,以试验鱼个体体重为选择指数,通过最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)计算所有试验鱼类的个体育种值,指导家系选育,为第二代亲本的选种及配对提供依据。
     通过生长比较发现,在建立的4个繁殖组合、78个家系中,建鲤繁殖后代的生长速度是最快的,从建鲤繁殖组合的20个家系的数据分析中可以看到,家系1、6、12、13在各个生长阶段的平均体重均明显大于其他的家系,是生长速度比较快的家系,其中家系1生长最快。家系14、15、16、18是生长速度比较慢的家系,家系18生长速度最慢。鲤鱼遗传改良项目一期中所获得的杂交种——建黄虽具有明显的生长优势,但这种优势在自交后代及与母本建鲤的正反回交后代中没有得到很好的保持。
     从数量遗传学的理论上来说,对于给定性状,有最好育种值的个体所生产的后代在该性状上具有较高的期望育种值。以个体体重为选择指数,运用ASREML软件计算个体育种值,并根据个体育种值进行了90组亲鱼的配对,建立了90个第二代鲤鱼家系,是下一步研究工作的良好的试验材料。
     RAPD是由美国科学家Williams和Welsh两个研究小组在聚合酶链式反应技术的基础上发展起来的一种分子标记技术,具有灵敏、快捷、简便、费用少、无种属特异
Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio Var. jian), an outstanding variety of common carp with some excellent characteristics such as high growth rate, good figure, strong disease resistance, is the first artificially bred fish which was developed by the combined methods including family selection, interline cross and chromosomal engineering. Only little intensive mass selection was carried out during the culture after it is extended to all over the country, which result in large differences between individuals. In order to improve the growth performances and create new carp variety, the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, CAFS, initiated Jian carp genetic improvement by mass selection and cross-breeding of Jian carp with Huanghe carp in 1997 under the support of ADB、 ICLARM. The first stage of this project ended in 1999. Selected Jian carp with better performance and heterotic F_1 hybrid (temporarily called Jian-huang carp) of female Jian carp crossed with male Huanghe carp were obtained.
    In order to further improve the selection effect and enhance the inheritability of improved characteristics of Jian carp, the second stage of common carp improvement project was carried out. During the period of the implement, family selection and PIT tags were used in the experiment. The growth performance within and between families was comparatively analyzed in order to predict the improvement potential of offspring. The genetic segregation of the hybrid and significance of the hybrid in the fish breeding were also evaluated. Meanwhile, in order to guide family selection, the breeding values of each individual were calculated by BLUP considering body weight as selection index.
    In the experiment, 4 breeding combination and 78 selective families were obtained. The fastest growth group was Jian carp among the four breeding combination The significant growth advantages in family 1, 6, 12 and 13 were observed from the analyzed data of 20 Jian carp families. The fish in family 1 grew fastest. The large variation among
引文
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