基于阻尼衬垫的汽车盘式制动器噪声机理研究
|
摘要
如今随着汽车工业的迅速发展,机动车已经进入了普通老百姓的家庭,方便了人们的日常生活和工作。但汽车的噪声,特别是制动器噪声,已成为现代城市生活不可忽视的一大公害,并引起广大消费者的广泛关注。控制噪声污染已逐渐成为人们行车及生活的迫切要求,因此降低汽车的制动噪声成为了汽车制造商乃至全人类社会强烈共识和亟待解决的重要问题。
本文的课题来源是浙江省重点实验室项目“浙江省汽车零部件试验基地计划”,编号2003E10052。文章在查阅大量国内外文献的基础上,以盘式制动器为研究对象,采用在盘式制动器中制动块的底板上粘贴一层阻尼层的做法实现制动器结构减振降噪的目的,探讨了粘弹性材料的阻尼特性对制动器振动与噪声的影响,并达到预期目标。为阻尼技术在制动器减振降噪方面的应用提供了理论依据和试验研究方法。
本文首先对问题的工程背景做了详细的介绍,分析了盘式制动器摩擦噪声的产生机理,解释了振动与噪声之间的关系,总结了目前常用的研究振动和噪声的方法。通过一个简化的有限元模型,运用模态分析和相关实验数据,分析了三个主要参数：摩擦系数,制动压力和温度对制动噪声的影响,得出相关结论。
建了各零部件的三维几何模型,研究了零部件面向制动噪声的动态特性,得到了它们的各阶实模态,分析探讨了各个部件的动态特性与制动噪声之间的关系。建立制动器总成的CAD装配模型和有限元模型,并对制动器总成进行面向制动噪声的复模态分析,得到总成的动态特性。
选取一对新的制动块,通过静态接触试验,用压力显示器测得制动块上的压力分布特性,然后测定制动块摩擦表面的粗糙度。然后将这些测得的真实值和磨损公式进行计算得到结果进行比较,指出用仿真的方法研究磨损特性的可行性,用复模态方法对不同磨损情况下制动器噪声的产生情况进行预测,最后将预测得到的噪声结果与实际噪声实验得到的结果进行对比,说明磨损预测结果与噪声的联系。文中尝试用仿真的方法预测制动块的磨损情况,这是文中的一处创新。
对盘式制动器阻尼降噪方法进行了理论研究。首先进行了阻尼层的机理分析,分析了阻尼层在制动系统中的减振机制及衡量阻尼材料特性的主要性能指标。介绍了阻尼结构的有限元分析方法、粘弹性阻尼材料的数学表征及其在动力学方程的求解方法。然后建立了质量集中的盘式制动器参数模型,得到阻尼系数的变化对啸叫特征参数的影响,得出在系统中增加阻尼可以减小不稳定的内部振动模态的结论。最后对于阻尼层结构进行了建模,采用了8节点线性边界单元方法,比较了四种不同结构阻尼层结构,结果证明该方法有着较好的计算精度,且更易操作,大大的提高了计算效率。提出了对阻尼层结构的建模方法,此方法具有一定的通用性,可以为后续对不同厚度,材料组成的阻尼层进行快速分析,这也是文中的一处创新。
探讨了阻尼层材料按照ASTM E756-98标准,对于不同阻尼结构的测试方法,并通过厂家所做的测量数据进行总结和计算得到粘弹性阻尼材料的振动阻尼特性参数,包括：损失因子、杨氏模量和剪切模量。通过这种方法测得的材料阻尼特性可以被广泛应用在数学模型中用来设计阻尼系统并预测它们的工作状态。然后对盘式制动器振动和噪声试验进行了介绍,按照SAEJ2521方法对某产生制动噪声的盘式制动器在Link公司的单头噪声惯性制动器试验台上进行了试验。对制动块底板上增加橡胶阻尼层的制动器进行了试验研究,并和未增加阻尼层的同一制动器进行了噪声对比。结果显示,在添加阻尼层后,制动器噪声不管是在分布的频率、产生噪声的概率还是测得的峰值声压级都有不同程度的降低,试验再次验证了阻尼降噪方法可以降低噪声的产生概率。
With the rapid development of the automotive industry, motor vehicle has entered the ordinary families, which is convenient for people's daily life. But the automobile noise, especially the brake noise, has become a big nuisance which we can not be ignored, and catches extensive attention of consumers. Control and reduction of brake noise has become urgent demand of all the people, thus to reduce automobile brake noise becames an important problem to be resolved both by the automobile manufacturers and researchers.
This topic comes from "Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory Project for Experimental Bases of Automobile Parts", No.2003E10052. After extensive review of the related literature, the approach of adding an insulator at the back of the disc brake back plate has been realized to reduce the structure vibration and noise. Discussion has been done of the performances of several viscoelastic damping materials which showed good results of reduction of noise. The dissertation reveals damping technology in brake antivibration amd noise reduction applications, and provides theoretical basis and test methods for future studies.
First of all, a detailed introduction of engineering background of the noise problem is presented. The dissertation analyzes of the disc brake friction mechanism of noise, explains the relationship between noise and vibration, summarizes the current research of commonly used methods of noise and vibration.
3D models of the disc brake parts are established respectively. The dynamic characteristics of the model for each brake parts are studied. This paper also analyzes the relationship of dynamic characteristics and noise of the each part. The CAD model and finite element model of the brake assembly is established, analysis is taken using the complex modal analysis method, and the dynamic characteristic of assembly is calculated.
Theoretical research of damping noise reduction method of disc brake is stated. Based on the layer of damping mechanism analysis, this paper analyzes the damping layer in the braking system of the vibration damping mechanism and characteristics of its main performance indexes, introduces the structure of the finite element analysis method of damping of viscoelastic materials, the mathematical representation and the solving method of dynamic equations. And an analytic model is used to get relationship of the damping coefficient and squeal characteristics parameters which indicate that increasing system damping can reduce the unstable vibration modes. For damping layer structure modeling, the 8 nodes linear boundary element method is applied and the result shows that the proposed method has better accuracy, and easier to operate, and greatly improvement of the computational efficiency.
According to damping layer materials E756-98 standard ASTM test, different structures of the test methods have been disscussed. the data have been calculated and summed, and then the viscoelastic damping materials vibration damping parameters have been measured, including:the loss factor, young modulus and shear modulus. The method of calculating the damping materials characteristics can be widely used in the mathematical model and forecasting system damping performaces of their working conditions. Then the disc brake vibration and noise tests were introduced, and tests have been done in accordance with J2521 SAE method on the inertia-noise-dynamometer 3900 made by Link company. The increase of rubber damping layer on the brake back plates was investigated, and a comparative study of brake noise with and without the damping layer has been done. Results show that, by adding damping layer, the brake noise in the frequency distribution, noise probability and measured peak values have been reduced at different levels, so the tests verified that damping noise reduction method can reduce the noise generated probability.
本文的课题来源是浙江省重点实验室项目“浙江省汽车零部件试验基地计划”,编号2003E10052。文章在查阅大量国内外文献的基础上,以盘式制动器为研究对象,采用在盘式制动器中制动块的底板上粘贴一层阻尼层的做法实现制动器结构减振降噪的目的,探讨了粘弹性材料的阻尼特性对制动器振动与噪声的影响,并达到预期目标。为阻尼技术在制动器减振降噪方面的应用提供了理论依据和试验研究方法。
本文首先对问题的工程背景做了详细的介绍,分析了盘式制动器摩擦噪声的产生机理,解释了振动与噪声之间的关系,总结了目前常用的研究振动和噪声的方法。通过一个简化的有限元模型,运用模态分析和相关实验数据,分析了三个主要参数：摩擦系数,制动压力和温度对制动噪声的影响,得出相关结论。
建了各零部件的三维几何模型,研究了零部件面向制动噪声的动态特性,得到了它们的各阶实模态,分析探讨了各个部件的动态特性与制动噪声之间的关系。建立制动器总成的CAD装配模型和有限元模型,并对制动器总成进行面向制动噪声的复模态分析,得到总成的动态特性。
选取一对新的制动块,通过静态接触试验,用压力显示器测得制动块上的压力分布特性,然后测定制动块摩擦表面的粗糙度。然后将这些测得的真实值和磨损公式进行计算得到结果进行比较,指出用仿真的方法研究磨损特性的可行性,用复模态方法对不同磨损情况下制动器噪声的产生情况进行预测,最后将预测得到的噪声结果与实际噪声实验得到的结果进行对比,说明磨损预测结果与噪声的联系。文中尝试用仿真的方法预测制动块的磨损情况,这是文中的一处创新。
对盘式制动器阻尼降噪方法进行了理论研究。首先进行了阻尼层的机理分析,分析了阻尼层在制动系统中的减振机制及衡量阻尼材料特性的主要性能指标。介绍了阻尼结构的有限元分析方法、粘弹性阻尼材料的数学表征及其在动力学方程的求解方法。然后建立了质量集中的盘式制动器参数模型,得到阻尼系数的变化对啸叫特征参数的影响,得出在系统中增加阻尼可以减小不稳定的内部振动模态的结论。最后对于阻尼层结构进行了建模,采用了8节点线性边界单元方法,比较了四种不同结构阻尼层结构,结果证明该方法有着较好的计算精度,且更易操作,大大的提高了计算效率。提出了对阻尼层结构的建模方法,此方法具有一定的通用性,可以为后续对不同厚度,材料组成的阻尼层进行快速分析,这也是文中的一处创新。
探讨了阻尼层材料按照ASTM E756-98标准,对于不同阻尼结构的测试方法,并通过厂家所做的测量数据进行总结和计算得到粘弹性阻尼材料的振动阻尼特性参数,包括：损失因子、杨氏模量和剪切模量。通过这种方法测得的材料阻尼特性可以被广泛应用在数学模型中用来设计阻尼系统并预测它们的工作状态。然后对盘式制动器振动和噪声试验进行了介绍,按照SAEJ2521方法对某产生制动噪声的盘式制动器在Link公司的单头噪声惯性制动器试验台上进行了试验。对制动块底板上增加橡胶阻尼层的制动器进行了试验研究,并和未增加阻尼层的同一制动器进行了噪声对比。结果显示,在添加阻尼层后,制动器噪声不管是在分布的频率、产生噪声的概率还是测得的峰值声压级都有不同程度的降低,试验再次验证了阻尼降噪方法可以降低噪声的产生概率。
With the rapid development of the automotive industry, motor vehicle has entered the ordinary families, which is convenient for people's daily life. But the automobile noise, especially the brake noise, has become a big nuisance which we can not be ignored, and catches extensive attention of consumers. Control and reduction of brake noise has become urgent demand of all the people, thus to reduce automobile brake noise becames an important problem to be resolved both by the automobile manufacturers and researchers.
This topic comes from "Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory Project for Experimental Bases of Automobile Parts", No.2003E10052. After extensive review of the related literature, the approach of adding an insulator at the back of the disc brake back plate has been realized to reduce the structure vibration and noise. Discussion has been done of the performances of several viscoelastic damping materials which showed good results of reduction of noise. The dissertation reveals damping technology in brake antivibration amd noise reduction applications, and provides theoretical basis and test methods for future studies.
First of all, a detailed introduction of engineering background of the noise problem is presented. The dissertation analyzes of the disc brake friction mechanism of noise, explains the relationship between noise and vibration, summarizes the current research of commonly used methods of noise and vibration.
3D models of the disc brake parts are established respectively. The dynamic characteristics of the model for each brake parts are studied. This paper also analyzes the relationship of dynamic characteristics and noise of the each part. The CAD model and finite element model of the brake assembly is established, analysis is taken using the complex modal analysis method, and the dynamic characteristic of assembly is calculated.
Theoretical research of damping noise reduction method of disc brake is stated. Based on the layer of damping mechanism analysis, this paper analyzes the damping layer in the braking system of the vibration damping mechanism and characteristics of its main performance indexes, introduces the structure of the finite element analysis method of damping of viscoelastic materials, the mathematical representation and the solving method of dynamic equations. And an analytic model is used to get relationship of the damping coefficient and squeal characteristics parameters which indicate that increasing system damping can reduce the unstable vibration modes. For damping layer structure modeling, the 8 nodes linear boundary element method is applied and the result shows that the proposed method has better accuracy, and easier to operate, and greatly improvement of the computational efficiency.
According to damping layer materials E756-98 standard ASTM test, different structures of the test methods have been disscussed. the data have been calculated and summed, and then the viscoelastic damping materials vibration damping parameters have been measured, including:the loss factor, young modulus and shear modulus. The method of calculating the damping materials characteristics can be widely used in the mathematical model and forecasting system damping performaces of their working conditions. Then the disc brake vibration and noise tests were introduced, and tests have been done in accordance with J2521 SAE method on the inertia-noise-dynamometer 3900 made by Link company. The increase of rubber damping layer on the brake back plates was investigated, and a comparative study of brake noise with and without the damping layer has been done. Results show that, by adding damping layer, the brake noise in the frequency distribution, noise probability and measured peak values have been reduced at different levels, so the tests verified that damping noise reduction method can reduce the noise generated probability.
引文
[1]Dave Crolla,喻凡.车辆动力学及其控制.人民交通出版社.2004
[2]李庆扬.数值分析.清华大学出版社.2003
[3]陈家瑞.汽车构造.人民交通出版社.1994
[4]余志生.汽车理论.机械工业出版社.2000.
[5]赵良省.噪声振动与控制技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[6]曹利亚.简明汉英汽车技术问题.人民交通出版社.1998
[7]汽车制动系统结构、性能和实验方法中华人民共和国国家标准GB 12676-1999
[8]庞剑.汽车噪声与振动.北京理工大学出版社.2006
[9]同济大学数学教研室.高等数学.高等教育出版社.1993
[10]邵蕴秋.ANSYS8.0有限元分析实例导航.北京：中国铁道出版社,2004.
[11]嘉木工作室.ANSYS有限元实例分析教程.北京：机械工业出版社,200.2
[12]刘坤.ANSYS有限元方法精解.北京：国防工业出版社,2005.
[13]张森,张正亮.MATLAB仿真技术与实例应用教程.北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[14]The SAE Dynamometer Test Code Standards Committee.Disc Brake Dynamometer Squeal Noise Matrix[S].SAE Standard J2521.
[15]管迪华,宿新东.制动振动噪声研究的回顾、发展与评述[J].工程力学,2004,21(4)：150-155.
[16]陈光雄,周仲荣,谢友柏.摩擦噪声研究的现状和进展[J].摩擦学学报,2000,2.(6)：478-481.
[17]陈光雄.金属往复滑动摩擦噪声研究：(博士学位论文).成都：西南交通大学,机械设计及理论,2002.
[18]韩秋实.汽车刹车装置摩擦噪声的实验研究.声学技术,1998,17(3)：117-12.0
[19]韩秋实,许宝杰,雷纪刚.刹车装置摩擦噪声的动力学模型及理论分析[J].北京机械工业学院学报,1999,14(2)：1—5.
[20]郑华,陈光雄,周仲荣.在往复滑动条件下摩擦噪声发生时磨痕形貌的观察[J].润滑与密封,2005,2：9-11.
[21]余卓平,尹东晓,张立军.盘式制动器制动抖动问题概述[J].汽车工程,2005,27(3)：372～376.
[22]宁晓斌,张文明.基于虚拟样机的制动器低频噪声分析[J].矿山机械,2002,(08)：57～59.
[23]管迪华,黄锦春.盘式制动器尖叫的馈入能量分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(8)：97-99.
[24]张芳,管迪华.抑制制动器振动噪声的阻尼方法的探讨[J].汽车工程,2003,25(3)：264～268.
[25]陈世雄.鼓式制动器制动尖叫的研究[D].北京：清华大学,1988.Chen Shixiong.Study of drum brake squeal[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1988.(in Chinese)
[26]陈小悦.鼓式制动器低频振颤的研究[D].北京：清华大学,1988.Chen Xiaoyue. A study of drum brake judder[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1988.(in Chinese)
[27]蒋东鹰,管迪华.盘式制动器制动尖叫计算模型的建立[J].汽车技术,1997,(7)：1-4.
[28]蒋东鹰,管迪华.用闭环祸合模型对盘式制动器制动尖叫的研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1998,38(8)：88-91.
[29]蒋东鹰.盘式制动器制动尖叫的研究[D].北京：清华大学,1998. Jiang Dongying.A study of disc brake squeal[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1998.(in Chinese)
[30]孙振华,曾庆华,蒋东鹰,管迪华.盘式制动器制动尖叫的研究[J].汽车工程,1999,21(6)：326～332.
[31]朱新潮,管迪华.结构参数对鼓式制动器噪声的影响[J].汽车工程,1994,16(1：)12-2.0
[32]赵文清.湿式多盘制动器制动噪声建模及其噪声抑制的研究[J]..兵工学报,2004,25(6)：662-665.
[33]王良模,彭育辉,曾小平.浮钳盘式制动器的有限元分析[J].南京理工大学学报,2003,27(6)：756-758.
[34]宁晓斌,张文明.盘式制动器振动的多体动力学分析[J].有色金属,2004,56(4)：119～121.
[35]陈孟华.基于虚拟样机的轿车盘式制动器噪声的研究.硕士学位论文.武汉理工大学,2006.
[36]贾杨成.虚拟样机技术在汽车制动仿真方面应用研究.硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学,2004.
[37]安颖.制动器多柔体仿真分析.硕士学位论文.长春：吉林大学,2005.
[38]管仁梅.客车鼓式制动器的多柔体ADAMS建模.硕士学位论文.长春：吉林大学,2002.
[39]李莉,尹东晓,张立军.盘式制动器制动抖动现象机理研究[J].汽车工程,2006,28(4)：361-365.
[40]贾宏禹.材料的粘弹性对摩擦片振动与制动噪声的影响研究.硕士学位论文.武汉理工大学,2003.
[41]戴焕云.铁道机车车辆制动颤振现象分析[J]..工程设计学报,2006,13(1)：41-44.
[42]蒋伟康,西择男,高田博.鼓式制动器振动与啸叫的研究.机械强度,1998,20(2)：81-86.
[43]吴立言.机械结构振动噪声的仿真：(硕士学位论文).西安：西北工业大学机械设计及理论专业,2004.
[44]张文明.基于虚拟样机技术的重型汽车制动器研究：(博士学位论文).北京科技大学车辆工程专业,2004.
[45]尹东晓,宁国宝,刘敏.制动抖动问题研究实验报告.同济大学汽车学院,2004
[46]宁国宝,张立军,尹东晓等.制动引起的方向盘抖动现象实验研究[J].中国工程机械学报,2004,3
[47]S Yang, R F Gibson. Brake vibration and noise:reviews, comments, and proposals [J]. Int J of Materials and Product Technology,1997,12 (4/6):496-513.
[48]R A Ibrahmi. Friction-induced vibration, chatter, squeal and chaos, Part 2:dynamics and modeling [J]. Applied MechanicsReview [J].1994,47:227-253.
[49]N M Kinkaid, O M O'Reilly, P Papadopoulos. Review:Automotive disc brakes squeal [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,267:105-166.
[50]Bergman Filip, Eriksson Mikae,I Jacobson Staffan. Influence of disc topography on generation of brake squeal [J]. Wear,1999,225/229:621-628.
[51]Fosberry R A C, Holubecki Z. Third report on squeal of drum brakes [R]. MIRA Report No. 1957/3.
[52]Millner N. A theory ofdrum brake squeals [R]. Institute of Mechanical Engineering,1976, C39:177-185.
[53]NishiwakiM, OkamuraH, HaradaH, eta.l Study on disc brake squeal [R]. SAE Paper, No-890864,1989.
[54]Hulten J. Some drum brake squealmechanism [R]. SAE Paper, No-951280,1995.
[55]Hoffman C T. Damper design and development for use on disc brake shoe and lining assemblies [R]. SAE Paper, No-880254,1988.
[56]Lewis TM, Shah P. Analysis and control of brake noise [R]. SAE Paper, No.872240,1987.
[57]Rajendra Singh, SheikhAyazA, MitchellMichaelJ. Visco-elastic dampings to controldisc brake squeal [J]. Sound and Vibration,1998,32 (10):18-22.
[58]FlintJ. Instabilities in brake system [R]. SAE Paper, No.920432,1992.
[59]NossierTA, SaidMAR, EINahasN S, eta.l Significance of squeal in disc brake design [J]. IntJ ofVehicleDesign,1998,19(1):124-133.
[60]PC Brooks, DA Crolla, and AM Lang, eta.l Eigenvalue sensitivity analysis applied to disc brake squeal in:braking of road vehicles [R]. Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1993: 135-143.
[61]H Baba, TWada, T Takag.i Study on reduction of brake squeal caused by in-plane vibration on rotor [R]. SAE TechnicalRepor.t No.2001-01-3158,2001
[62]Researchers at Hudderfield. Putting the brakes on brake noise [J]. Machine Design.1993.65 (19):26.
[63]Chikamori S. Study on brake noise [J]. Journal of Japan Society ofAutomotive Engineer. 1969,23:125-130.
[64]KA Cunefare, A JGra.f Disc brake rotor squeal suppression using dither control [R], SAE Technical Repor,t No.2001-01-1605,2001.
[65]Rank Chen, Hua jiangouyang, Wayne Nack. On Automotive Disc Brake Squeal Part2: Simulation and Analysis [J]. SAEPaper2003-01-0684.2003.
[66]Singh R, Sheikh A, et al.Viscoelastic damping to control disc brake squeal [J]. Sound and Vibration,1998.18-22.
[67]N.M.Kinkaid,0.M.O'Reilly, P.Papadopoulos. Review Automotive disc brake Squeal [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003, (267):105-166.
[68]F.Chen, R.L.Quaglia. Automotive Disc Brake Squeal Part 1:Meehanisms and Causes [J]. SAEPaper2003-01-0683,2003.
[69]Papinniemi A, Lai J C S, etc. Brake Squeal:a literature review[J]. Applied Acoustics,2002, 63:391-400.
[70]J-J.Sinou, F.Thouverez, L.Jezequel. Analysis of friction and instability by the centre manifold theory for a non-linear sprag-slip model [J]. Journa lof Sound and Vibration,2003, (265):527-559.
[71]Felske A, Hcppe G, Matthai H. A study on drum brake noise by holographic vibration analysis[C]. SAE800221,1980.
[72]Kreitlow W, et al. Vibration and"Hum"of disc brakes under load [C], SAE850079,1985.
[73]Abdelhamid M K. Brake judder analysis:case study[C]. SAE972027,1997.
[74]Kao T K, et al. Brake disk hot spotting and thermal judder:an experimental and finite element study[J]. Int.J.of Vehicle Design,2000,23(3/4):276-296.
[75]Nishiwaki M.Generalized theory of brake noise [J]. Proc Instn Mech Engrs,1993, 207:195-202.
[76]Rhee S K, et al.Friction induced noise and vibration of disk brake [J]. Wear,1989, 133:39-45.
[77]Kido 1 and Kurahachi T, etc. A study on low-frequency brake squeal noise [C]. SAE960993, 1996.
[78]Ibrahim R A and Madhavan S, etc. Experimental investigation of friction-induced noise in disc brake systems [J]. Int.J.of Vehicle Design,2000,23(3/4):218-240.
[79]KoPuz, N.Lalor. Analysis of Interior Aeoustic Fields Using the Finite Element Method and the Boundary Element Method [J].1995,45:193-210.
[80]Kusano M, et al.Experimental study on the reduction of drum brake noise [C]. SAE851465, 1985.
[81]Chen Xiaoyue, Guan Dihua, Wang Xiaodong.A study of drum brake judder[C]. Shanghai:SAE, IPC-5 Paper891329,1989.
[82]Basford P.Properties of friction materials I:experiments on variables affecting noise [J]. Transactions of ASME,1958,80:402-406.
[83]Sinclair D, Manville N J.Frictional vibration [J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics,1955, 22:207-214.
[84]Chikaromis S. Study of brake noise [J]. Mitsubishi Tech. Review,1968,5(1):23-28.
[85]Spurr R T.Brake squeal [J]. I Mech E,1971,95/71:13-15.
[86]Millner N.A theory of drum brake squeal [J]. I Mech E,1976, c39/76:170-185.
[87]Millner N.An analyses of disc brake squeal[C]. SAE780332,1978.
[88]Rhee S K, et al.The role of friction film in friction, wear and noise of automotive brakes[J]. Wear,1991,146:89-97.
[89]Spurr R T.A theory of brake squeal [J].Proc.Auto.Div. I Mech E,1961,62:33-40.
[90]BASFORD P R and TWISS S B. Properties of friction materials II-theory of vibrations in brakes [J]. Transactions of the ASME,1958,80:407-410.
[91]FOSBERRY R A C and HOLUBECKI Z. An investigation of the cause and nature of brake squeal[R]. DetreitMotor Industry Research Associatio (MIRA),1955/2.
[92]FOSBERRY R A C and HOLUBECKI Z.Third report on squeal of drum brakes[R]. Detreit:Motor Industry Research Association (MIRA),1957/3.
[93]Matsui H, Murakami H, etc. Analysis of disk brake squeal[C].SAE920553,1992.
[94]Ishihara N and Nishiwaki M, etc. Experimental analysis of low-frequency brake squeal noise[C]. SAE962128,1996.
[95]Liles G D. Analysis of disc brake squeal using finite element methods[C]. SAE891150,1989.
[96]Guan Dihua Jiang Dongying. A study on disc brake squeals using finite element methods[C]. SAEPaper980579,1998.
[97]Nishiwaki M, Harada Hiroshi, et al. Study on disc brake squeal[C].SAE890864,1989.
[98]Chen Shixiong, Guan Dihua. Theoretical and experimental studies on drum brake squeal[C]. SAE Paper912497,1991.
[99]Zhu Xinchao, Guan Dihua.The experimental and simulational analysis of drum brake squeal by structurally close-loop coupling model[C]. SAE Paper931879,1993.
[100]Zhu Xinchao, Guan Dihua. Simulations of structurally close-loop coupling and experimental study on drum brake squeal of commercial vehicles[C]. SAE Paper945049, 1994.
[101]GouyaM, Nishiwaki M. Study on disc brake groan[C]. SAE900007,1990.
[102]Nack W V. Brake squeal analysis by finite element [J]. Int.J.of Vehicle Design,2000, 23(3/4):263-275.
[103]Nack W V. Brake squeal analysis by finite elements[C]. SAE1999-01-1736,1999.
[104]Lee J M, etc. A study on the squeal noise of drum brakes[C]. The 16th IMAC, 1998.1369-1375.
[105]Kung Shih-Wei, etc.Complex eigenvalue analysis for reducing low frequency brake squeal[C].SAE2000-01-0444,2000.
[106]Matsuzaki M, Izumihara T. Brake noise caused by longitudinal vabration of the disc rotor[C]. SAE930804,1993.
[107]Baba H, Okade M, et al. Study on reducing low frequency brake squeal from modal analysis of mounting bracket[C]. SAE952697,1995.
[108]Du S, et al. Finite element analysis of frictionally excited thermoelastic instability [J]. Journal of Thermal Stresses,1997,20:185-201.
[109]Du S, et al. Finite element analysis of frictionally excited thermoelastic instability in a 3D annular disk[J].Journal of Vehicle Design,2000,23(3/4):203-217.
[110]Lee K, et al. Conditions of frictional contact in disk brakes and their effects on brake judder[C].SAE980598,1998.
[111]Guan Dihua and Huang Jinchun.Study on brake squeal by feed-in energy analysis[C]. SAE PAPER 2001-01-0950,2001.
[112]Fieldhouse J D. The application of holographic interferometry to the study of disc brake noise[C]. SAE930805,1993.
[113]Felske A.Oscillations in squealing disk brakes-analysis of vibration mode by holographic interferometry[C]. SAE Paper 780333,1978.
[114]Nishizawa Y.Saka H. Electronic control canceling system for a disc brake noise[C]. SAE971037,1997.
[115]Cunefare K A and Graf A J. Experimental active control of automotive disc brake rotor squeal using dither [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2002,250(4):579-590.
[116]Anti Papinniemi, et al. Brake Squeal:a Literature Review. Applied acoustics,2002,63
[117]Guan Dihua, Jiang Dongying. A Study on Disc Brake Squeal Using Finite Element Methods. SAE Paper 980597
[118]Shih-Wei Kung Brent Dunlap K, Ballinger Robert S. Complex Eigen-value Analysis for Reducing Low Frequency Brake Squeal. SAE Pa-per 2000-01-0444
[119]Guan Dihua, Huang Jinchun. Study on Brake Squeal by Feel-in Energy Analysis. SAE Paper 2001-01-0950
[120]Felsa A. A Study on Drum Brake Noise by Holographic Analysis. SAE Paper 80022
[121]Baba H. Study on Reducing Low Frequency Brake Squeal From Modal Analysis of Mounting Bracket. SAE Paper 952697
[122]Hoffman Charles T. Damper Design and Development for Use on Disc Brake Shoe and Lining Assemblies. SAE Paper 880254
[123]Rajendra Singh. Viscoelastic Damping to Control Disc Brake Squeal. Sound and Vibration,1998(10)
[124]Brent Dunlap K, et al.An Investigation Overview of Automotive Disc Brake Noise. SAE Paper 1999-01-0142
[125]Bui Q V, Ponthot J P. Estimation of Rubber Sliding Friction From Asperity Interaction Modeling. Wear 2002,252
[126]Persson B N J. On the Theory of Rubber Friction. Surface Science,1998:401
[127]A.R. AbuBakar, H. Ouyang. Wear prediction of friction material and brake squeal using the finite element method. Wear,2008:264(1069)
[128]S.K.Rhee, Wear equation for polymers sliding againstmetal surfaces, Wear 16 (1970) 431-445.
[129]H. Jang, K. Ko, S.J. Kim, R. Basch, J.W. Fash, The effect of metal fibers on the friction performance of automotive brake friction materials, Wear 256 (2004) 406-414.
[130]T.L.Ho, M.B. Peterson, Wear formulation for aircraft brakematerial sliding against steel, Wear 43 (1977) 199-210.
[131]A.R. AbuBakar, H. Ouyang, L. Li, J.E. Siegel, Brake pad surface topography part Ⅱ: squeal generation and prevention, SAE Technical Paper No.2005-01-3935,2005.
[132]S. James, An experimental study of disc brake squeal. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool, UK,2003.
[2]李庆扬.数值分析.清华大学出版社.2003
[3]陈家瑞.汽车构造.人民交通出版社.1994
[4]余志生.汽车理论.机械工业出版社.2000.
[5]赵良省.噪声振动与控制技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[6]曹利亚.简明汉英汽车技术问题.人民交通出版社.1998
[7]汽车制动系统结构、性能和实验方法中华人民共和国国家标准GB 12676-1999
[8]庞剑.汽车噪声与振动.北京理工大学出版社.2006
[9]同济大学数学教研室.高等数学.高等教育出版社.1993
[10]邵蕴秋.ANSYS8.0有限元分析实例导航.北京：中国铁道出版社,2004.
[11]嘉木工作室.ANSYS有限元实例分析教程.北京：机械工业出版社,200.2
[12]刘坤.ANSYS有限元方法精解.北京：国防工业出版社,2005.
[13]张森,张正亮.MATLAB仿真技术与实例应用教程.北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[14]The SAE Dynamometer Test Code Standards Committee.Disc Brake Dynamometer Squeal Noise Matrix[S].SAE Standard J2521.
[15]管迪华,宿新东.制动振动噪声研究的回顾、发展与评述[J].工程力学,2004,21(4)：150-155.
[16]陈光雄,周仲荣,谢友柏.摩擦噪声研究的现状和进展[J].摩擦学学报,2000,2.(6)：478-481.
[17]陈光雄.金属往复滑动摩擦噪声研究：(博士学位论文).成都：西南交通大学,机械设计及理论,2002.
[18]韩秋实.汽车刹车装置摩擦噪声的实验研究.声学技术,1998,17(3)：117-12.0
[19]韩秋实,许宝杰,雷纪刚.刹车装置摩擦噪声的动力学模型及理论分析[J].北京机械工业学院学报,1999,14(2)：1—5.
[20]郑华,陈光雄,周仲荣.在往复滑动条件下摩擦噪声发生时磨痕形貌的观察[J].润滑与密封,2005,2：9-11.
[21]余卓平,尹东晓,张立军.盘式制动器制动抖动问题概述[J].汽车工程,2005,27(3)：372～376.
[22]宁晓斌,张文明.基于虚拟样机的制动器低频噪声分析[J].矿山机械,2002,(08)：57～59.
[23]管迪华,黄锦春.盘式制动器尖叫的馈入能量分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(8)：97-99.
[24]张芳,管迪华.抑制制动器振动噪声的阻尼方法的探讨[J].汽车工程,2003,25(3)：264～268.
[25]陈世雄.鼓式制动器制动尖叫的研究[D].北京：清华大学,1988.Chen Shixiong.Study of drum brake squeal[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1988.(in Chinese)
[26]陈小悦.鼓式制动器低频振颤的研究[D].北京：清华大学,1988.Chen Xiaoyue. A study of drum brake judder[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1988.(in Chinese)
[27]蒋东鹰,管迪华.盘式制动器制动尖叫计算模型的建立[J].汽车技术,1997,(7)：1-4.
[28]蒋东鹰,管迪华.用闭环祸合模型对盘式制动器制动尖叫的研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1998,38(8)：88-91.
[29]蒋东鹰.盘式制动器制动尖叫的研究[D].北京：清华大学,1998. Jiang Dongying.A study of disc brake squeal[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1998.(in Chinese)
[30]孙振华,曾庆华,蒋东鹰,管迪华.盘式制动器制动尖叫的研究[J].汽车工程,1999,21(6)：326～332.
[31]朱新潮,管迪华.结构参数对鼓式制动器噪声的影响[J].汽车工程,1994,16(1：)12-2.0
[32]赵文清.湿式多盘制动器制动噪声建模及其噪声抑制的研究[J]..兵工学报,2004,25(6)：662-665.
[33]王良模,彭育辉,曾小平.浮钳盘式制动器的有限元分析[J].南京理工大学学报,2003,27(6)：756-758.
[34]宁晓斌,张文明.盘式制动器振动的多体动力学分析[J].有色金属,2004,56(4)：119～121.
[35]陈孟华.基于虚拟样机的轿车盘式制动器噪声的研究.硕士学位论文.武汉理工大学,2006.
[36]贾杨成.虚拟样机技术在汽车制动仿真方面应用研究.硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学,2004.
[37]安颖.制动器多柔体仿真分析.硕士学位论文.长春：吉林大学,2005.
[38]管仁梅.客车鼓式制动器的多柔体ADAMS建模.硕士学位论文.长春：吉林大学,2002.
[39]李莉,尹东晓,张立军.盘式制动器制动抖动现象机理研究[J].汽车工程,2006,28(4)：361-365.
[40]贾宏禹.材料的粘弹性对摩擦片振动与制动噪声的影响研究.硕士学位论文.武汉理工大学,2003.
[41]戴焕云.铁道机车车辆制动颤振现象分析[J]..工程设计学报,2006,13(1)：41-44.
[42]蒋伟康,西择男,高田博.鼓式制动器振动与啸叫的研究.机械强度,1998,20(2)：81-86.
[43]吴立言.机械结构振动噪声的仿真：(硕士学位论文).西安：西北工业大学机械设计及理论专业,2004.
[44]张文明.基于虚拟样机技术的重型汽车制动器研究：(博士学位论文).北京科技大学车辆工程专业,2004.
[45]尹东晓,宁国宝,刘敏.制动抖动问题研究实验报告.同济大学汽车学院,2004
[46]宁国宝,张立军,尹东晓等.制动引起的方向盘抖动现象实验研究[J].中国工程机械学报,2004,3
[47]S Yang, R F Gibson. Brake vibration and noise:reviews, comments, and proposals [J]. Int J of Materials and Product Technology,1997,12 (4/6):496-513.
[48]R A Ibrahmi. Friction-induced vibration, chatter, squeal and chaos, Part 2:dynamics and modeling [J]. Applied MechanicsReview [J].1994,47:227-253.
[49]N M Kinkaid, O M O'Reilly, P Papadopoulos. Review:Automotive disc brakes squeal [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,267:105-166.
[50]Bergman Filip, Eriksson Mikae,I Jacobson Staffan. Influence of disc topography on generation of brake squeal [J]. Wear,1999,225/229:621-628.
[51]Fosberry R A C, Holubecki Z. Third report on squeal of drum brakes [R]. MIRA Report No. 1957/3.
[52]Millner N. A theory ofdrum brake squeals [R]. Institute of Mechanical Engineering,1976, C39:177-185.
[53]NishiwakiM, OkamuraH, HaradaH, eta.l Study on disc brake squeal [R]. SAE Paper, No-890864,1989.
[54]Hulten J. Some drum brake squealmechanism [R]. SAE Paper, No-951280,1995.
[55]Hoffman C T. Damper design and development for use on disc brake shoe and lining assemblies [R]. SAE Paper, No-880254,1988.
[56]Lewis TM, Shah P. Analysis and control of brake noise [R]. SAE Paper, No.872240,1987.
[57]Rajendra Singh, SheikhAyazA, MitchellMichaelJ. Visco-elastic dampings to controldisc brake squeal [J]. Sound and Vibration,1998,32 (10):18-22.
[58]FlintJ. Instabilities in brake system [R]. SAE Paper, No.920432,1992.
[59]NossierTA, SaidMAR, EINahasN S, eta.l Significance of squeal in disc brake design [J]. IntJ ofVehicleDesign,1998,19(1):124-133.
[60]PC Brooks, DA Crolla, and AM Lang, eta.l Eigenvalue sensitivity analysis applied to disc brake squeal in:braking of road vehicles [R]. Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1993: 135-143.
[61]H Baba, TWada, T Takag.i Study on reduction of brake squeal caused by in-plane vibration on rotor [R]. SAE TechnicalRepor.t No.2001-01-3158,2001
[62]Researchers at Hudderfield. Putting the brakes on brake noise [J]. Machine Design.1993.65 (19):26.
[63]Chikamori S. Study on brake noise [J]. Journal of Japan Society ofAutomotive Engineer. 1969,23:125-130.
[64]KA Cunefare, A JGra.f Disc brake rotor squeal suppression using dither control [R], SAE Technical Repor,t No.2001-01-1605,2001.
[65]Rank Chen, Hua jiangouyang, Wayne Nack. On Automotive Disc Brake Squeal Part2: Simulation and Analysis [J]. SAEPaper2003-01-0684.2003.
[66]Singh R, Sheikh A, et al.Viscoelastic damping to control disc brake squeal [J]. Sound and Vibration,1998.18-22.
[67]N.M.Kinkaid,0.M.O'Reilly, P.Papadopoulos. Review Automotive disc brake Squeal [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003, (267):105-166.
[68]F.Chen, R.L.Quaglia. Automotive Disc Brake Squeal Part 1:Meehanisms and Causes [J]. SAEPaper2003-01-0683,2003.
[69]Papinniemi A, Lai J C S, etc. Brake Squeal:a literature review[J]. Applied Acoustics,2002, 63:391-400.
[70]J-J.Sinou, F.Thouverez, L.Jezequel. Analysis of friction and instability by the centre manifold theory for a non-linear sprag-slip model [J]. Journa lof Sound and Vibration,2003, (265):527-559.
[71]Felske A, Hcppe G, Matthai H. A study on drum brake noise by holographic vibration analysis[C]. SAE800221,1980.
[72]Kreitlow W, et al. Vibration and"Hum"of disc brakes under load [C], SAE850079,1985.
[73]Abdelhamid M K. Brake judder analysis:case study[C]. SAE972027,1997.
[74]Kao T K, et al. Brake disk hot spotting and thermal judder:an experimental and finite element study[J]. Int.J.of Vehicle Design,2000,23(3/4):276-296.
[75]Nishiwaki M.Generalized theory of brake noise [J]. Proc Instn Mech Engrs,1993, 207:195-202.
[76]Rhee S K, et al.Friction induced noise and vibration of disk brake [J]. Wear,1989, 133:39-45.
[77]Kido 1 and Kurahachi T, etc. A study on low-frequency brake squeal noise [C]. SAE960993, 1996.
[78]Ibrahim R A and Madhavan S, etc. Experimental investigation of friction-induced noise in disc brake systems [J]. Int.J.of Vehicle Design,2000,23(3/4):218-240.
[79]KoPuz, N.Lalor. Analysis of Interior Aeoustic Fields Using the Finite Element Method and the Boundary Element Method [J].1995,45:193-210.
[80]Kusano M, et al.Experimental study on the reduction of drum brake noise [C]. SAE851465, 1985.
[81]Chen Xiaoyue, Guan Dihua, Wang Xiaodong.A study of drum brake judder[C]. Shanghai:SAE, IPC-5 Paper891329,1989.
[82]Basford P.Properties of friction materials I:experiments on variables affecting noise [J]. Transactions of ASME,1958,80:402-406.
[83]Sinclair D, Manville N J.Frictional vibration [J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics,1955, 22:207-214.
[84]Chikaromis S. Study of brake noise [J]. Mitsubishi Tech. Review,1968,5(1):23-28.
[85]Spurr R T.Brake squeal [J]. I Mech E,1971,95/71:13-15.
[86]Millner N.A theory of drum brake squeal [J]. I Mech E,1976, c39/76:170-185.
[87]Millner N.An analyses of disc brake squeal[C]. SAE780332,1978.
[88]Rhee S K, et al.The role of friction film in friction, wear and noise of automotive brakes[J]. Wear,1991,146:89-97.
[89]Spurr R T.A theory of brake squeal [J].Proc.Auto.Div. I Mech E,1961,62:33-40.
[90]BASFORD P R and TWISS S B. Properties of friction materials II-theory of vibrations in brakes [J]. Transactions of the ASME,1958,80:407-410.
[91]FOSBERRY R A C and HOLUBECKI Z. An investigation of the cause and nature of brake squeal[R]. DetreitMotor Industry Research Associatio (MIRA),1955/2.
[92]FOSBERRY R A C and HOLUBECKI Z.Third report on squeal of drum brakes[R]. Detreit:Motor Industry Research Association (MIRA),1957/3.
[93]Matsui H, Murakami H, etc. Analysis of disk brake squeal[C].SAE920553,1992.
[94]Ishihara N and Nishiwaki M, etc. Experimental analysis of low-frequency brake squeal noise[C]. SAE962128,1996.
[95]Liles G D. Analysis of disc brake squeal using finite element methods[C]. SAE891150,1989.
[96]Guan Dihua Jiang Dongying. A study on disc brake squeals using finite element methods[C]. SAEPaper980579,1998.
[97]Nishiwaki M, Harada Hiroshi, et al. Study on disc brake squeal[C].SAE890864,1989.
[98]Chen Shixiong, Guan Dihua. Theoretical and experimental studies on drum brake squeal[C]. SAE Paper912497,1991.
[99]Zhu Xinchao, Guan Dihua.The experimental and simulational analysis of drum brake squeal by structurally close-loop coupling model[C]. SAE Paper931879,1993.
[100]Zhu Xinchao, Guan Dihua. Simulations of structurally close-loop coupling and experimental study on drum brake squeal of commercial vehicles[C]. SAE Paper945049, 1994.
[101]GouyaM, Nishiwaki M. Study on disc brake groan[C]. SAE900007,1990.
[102]Nack W V. Brake squeal analysis by finite element [J]. Int.J.of Vehicle Design,2000, 23(3/4):263-275.
[103]Nack W V. Brake squeal analysis by finite elements[C]. SAE1999-01-1736,1999.
[104]Lee J M, etc. A study on the squeal noise of drum brakes[C]. The 16th IMAC, 1998.1369-1375.
[105]Kung Shih-Wei, etc.Complex eigenvalue analysis for reducing low frequency brake squeal[C].SAE2000-01-0444,2000.
[106]Matsuzaki M, Izumihara T. Brake noise caused by longitudinal vabration of the disc rotor[C]. SAE930804,1993.
[107]Baba H, Okade M, et al. Study on reducing low frequency brake squeal from modal analysis of mounting bracket[C]. SAE952697,1995.
[108]Du S, et al. Finite element analysis of frictionally excited thermoelastic instability [J]. Journal of Thermal Stresses,1997,20:185-201.
[109]Du S, et al. Finite element analysis of frictionally excited thermoelastic instability in a 3D annular disk[J].Journal of Vehicle Design,2000,23(3/4):203-217.
[110]Lee K, et al. Conditions of frictional contact in disk brakes and their effects on brake judder[C].SAE980598,1998.
[111]Guan Dihua and Huang Jinchun.Study on brake squeal by feed-in energy analysis[C]. SAE PAPER 2001-01-0950,2001.
[112]Fieldhouse J D. The application of holographic interferometry to the study of disc brake noise[C]. SAE930805,1993.
[113]Felske A.Oscillations in squealing disk brakes-analysis of vibration mode by holographic interferometry[C]. SAE Paper 780333,1978.
[114]Nishizawa Y.Saka H. Electronic control canceling system for a disc brake noise[C]. SAE971037,1997.
[115]Cunefare K A and Graf A J. Experimental active control of automotive disc brake rotor squeal using dither [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2002,250(4):579-590.
[116]Anti Papinniemi, et al. Brake Squeal:a Literature Review. Applied acoustics,2002,63
[117]Guan Dihua, Jiang Dongying. A Study on Disc Brake Squeal Using Finite Element Methods. SAE Paper 980597
[118]Shih-Wei Kung Brent Dunlap K, Ballinger Robert S. Complex Eigen-value Analysis for Reducing Low Frequency Brake Squeal. SAE Pa-per 2000-01-0444
[119]Guan Dihua, Huang Jinchun. Study on Brake Squeal by Feel-in Energy Analysis. SAE Paper 2001-01-0950
[120]Felsa A. A Study on Drum Brake Noise by Holographic Analysis. SAE Paper 80022
[121]Baba H. Study on Reducing Low Frequency Brake Squeal From Modal Analysis of Mounting Bracket. SAE Paper 952697
[122]Hoffman Charles T. Damper Design and Development for Use on Disc Brake Shoe and Lining Assemblies. SAE Paper 880254
[123]Rajendra Singh. Viscoelastic Damping to Control Disc Brake Squeal. Sound and Vibration,1998(10)
[124]Brent Dunlap K, et al.An Investigation Overview of Automotive Disc Brake Noise. SAE Paper 1999-01-0142
[125]Bui Q V, Ponthot J P. Estimation of Rubber Sliding Friction From Asperity Interaction Modeling. Wear 2002,252
[126]Persson B N J. On the Theory of Rubber Friction. Surface Science,1998:401
[127]A.R. AbuBakar, H. Ouyang. Wear prediction of friction material and brake squeal using the finite element method. Wear,2008:264(1069)
[128]S.K.Rhee, Wear equation for polymers sliding againstmetal surfaces, Wear 16 (1970) 431-445.
[129]H. Jang, K. Ko, S.J. Kim, R. Basch, J.W. Fash, The effect of metal fibers on the friction performance of automotive brake friction materials, Wear 256 (2004) 406-414.
[130]T.L.Ho, M.B. Peterson, Wear formulation for aircraft brakematerial sliding against steel, Wear 43 (1977) 199-210.
[131]A.R. AbuBakar, H. Ouyang, L. Li, J.E. Siegel, Brake pad surface topography part Ⅱ: squeal generation and prevention, SAE Technical Paper No.2005-01-3935,2005.
[132]S. James, An experimental study of disc brake squeal. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool, UK,2003.