提高辽河西部凹陷中深层地震资料信噪比和分辨率技术研究
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摘要
本论文针对研究区的地质特点,确定了以高分辨率三维地震资料为基础,针对低幅度构造、小断层、薄砂层研究采用的相应的技术手段。从以往资料及采集技术难点分析入手,通过对地震地质条件分析、以往施工方法分析、干扰波分析、以往剖面和单炮分析以及采集技术难点分析,详细阐述了研究区深层信噪比和分辨率的影响因素和采集技术难点;通过对大地吸收、激发以及接收方式等采集技术研究,并结合处理方法研究,总结了大地吸收衰减制约着地震分辨率的大幅度提高,进行合理的大地吸收衰减理论计算,可以指导制定合理的采集技术指标;运用运动学和动力学理论进行微测井解释,能够准确地得到表层各项参数,结合表层岩性调查,可以确定最佳激发岩性,保证较好的激发效果,增强中深有效信号能量,并拓展有效频宽;采用多井组合激发,能够增强激发下传能量,较大程度地提高高频信号的信噪比,拓展有效频宽,从而提高中深层的分辨率;采用合适的检波器类型,增强耦合效果,采用合适的串并联连接方式,提高检波器灵敏度,能较好地接收中深层高频弱信号;野外采集时采用宽频档(不加低截)、高前放增益记录,仪器记录弱信号的能力较强(仪器系统动态范围较大),且对弱信号的能量有一定程度的提高等一套适合提高辽河西部凹陷中深层地震资料信噪比和分辨率技术系列。
This paper is mainly aiming at work out a technique series for improving the seismic data signal to noise ratio and resolution of middle and deep layer at Western Sag of Liaohe Basin, Northeast China.
The paper is also aim at confirming corresponding research techniques and methodologies for low range formation, tiny fault and thin sandy layer based on the study of the geological features and the high resolution 3D seismic data of the research target zone.
The paper started from former data and difficulties of acquisition techniques, further to the analysis of seismic geological conditions, former acquisition methodologies, noises, and acquired raw shots and stacks, also expatiate on the factors which affected the signal to noise ratio and resolution of deep layer and difficulties of acquisition techniques. Furthermore, the paper summarize that enhancement of resolution are highly restrained by absorbing of ground via researches on absorbing of ground, methodologies of source and receiver and other acquisition techniques, and along with research on methodologies of processing.
So, suitable acquisition parameters could be selected by calculating with rational ground absorbing attenuation theory, every parameter of weathering layer could be acquired exactly by interpreting up-hole with kinematic and mechanical theories, prime lithology for source could be decided, and along with survey of weathering layer, better source result could be ensured, energy of valid signal could be enhanced, and valid frequency range could be expanded. By using pattern hole the sources energy propagation could be boosted, signal to noise ration of high frequency signal could be enhanced greatly, valid frequency range could be expanded, and consequently the resolution of middle and deep layers. By adopting proper geophone could improve coupling, by utilizing right geophone array could enhance its sensitivity to receive weak high frequency signal of middle and deep layers. Recording with wide frequency band (without low cut), high pre-amplification while filed operation could expand capability of recording system for recording weak signal, and enhance weak signal to a certain range.
This paper is mainly aiming at work out a technique series for improving the seismic data signal to noise ratio and resolution of middle and deep layer at Western Sag of Liaohe Basin, Northeast China.
The paper is also aim at confirming corresponding research techniques and methodologies for low range formation, tiny fault and thin sandy layer based on the study of the geological features and the high resolution 3D seismic data of the research target zone.
The paper started from former data and difficulties of acquisition techniques, further to the analysis of seismic geological conditions, former acquisition methodologies, noises, and acquired raw shots and stacks, also expatiate on the factors which affected the signal to noise ratio and resolution of deep layer and difficulties of acquisition techniques. Furthermore, the paper summarize that enhancement of resolution are highly restrained by absorbing of ground via researches on absorbing of ground, methodologies of source and receiver and other acquisition techniques, and along with research on methodologies of processing.
So, suitable acquisition parameters could be selected by calculating with rational ground absorbing attenuation theory, every parameter of weathering layer could be acquired exactly by interpreting up-hole with kinematic and mechanical theories, prime lithology for source could be decided, and along with survey of weathering layer, better source result could be ensured, energy of valid signal could be enhanced, and valid frequency range could be expanded. By using pattern hole the sources energy propagation could be boosted, signal to noise ration of high frequency signal could be enhanced greatly, valid frequency range could be expanded, and consequently the resolution of middle and deep layers. By adopting proper geophone could improve coupling, by utilizing right geophone array could enhance its sensitivity to receive weak high frequency signal of middle and deep layers. Recording with wide frequency band (without low cut), high pre-amplification while filed operation could expand capability of recording system for recording weak signal, and enhance weak signal to a certain range.
引文
[1]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路.石油工业出版社,1993
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[10]凌云.地震分辨率极限问题的研究,石油地球物理勘探第39卷第4期
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[21]朱筱敏,王贵文等.开鲁盆地陆西凹陷下白垩统层序地层学和油气评价[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):531～536
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[26]许慧华.王志高,地震属性分析及其在胜利探区的应用[J].石油仪器,2002,16(5):21～24
[27]L.B.Magoon,Wallace G.Dow.含油气系统—从源岩到圈闭[M].张刚,蔡希源等译,北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[28]Liangqing Xue and William E. Galloway. Genetic Sequence Stratigraphic Framework, Depositional Style, and Hydrocarbon Occurrence of the Upper Cretaceous QYN Formations in the Songliao Lacustrine Basin, Northeastern China[J]:AAPG,1993,77(10):1792～1808
[29]罗群.圈闭成藏的可靠性评价方法研究[J].石油实验地质,1999,21(3):58～63
[30]魏魁生,徐怀大等.松辽盆地白垩系高分辨率层序地层格架[J].石油与天然气地质, 1997
[2]李庆忠.地震高分辨率勘探中的误区与对策.石油地球物理勘探第32卷第6期
[3]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探.石油工业出版社,1993
[4]李忠.高分辨率地震勘探技术.中国大地出版社,1997
[5]潘文峰.高分辨率地震勘探中最佳药量及耦合条件的选取.石油地球物理勘探第35卷第4期
[6]大港油田科技丛书编委会.地震勘探资料采集技术.石油工业出版社,1999
[7]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.石油大学出版社,1993
[8]贾丽华.地震资料高分辨率处理技术.石油物探第41卷第4期
[9]杨汝超.如何制定高分辨率地震勘探中的技术指标.石油物探第40卷第1期
[10]凌云.地震分辨率极限问题的研究,石油地球物理勘探第39卷第4期
[11]唐建人等.高分辨率地震勘探理论与实践,石油工业出版社,2001
[12]张昌义等.数字地震仪,石油工业出版社,1978
[13]秦德成.地震勘探仪器,石油工业出版社,1994
[14]孙传友等.地震勘探仪器原理,石油大学出版社,1996
[15]周锦明等.地震数据精细处理,石油工业出版社,2003
[16]裘亦楠,薛叔浩等.油气储层评价技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[17]裘亦楠,薛叔浩等.中国陆相油气储集层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[18]薛叔浩,刘雯林等.湖盆沉积地质与油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[19]姜在兴,李华启等.层序地层学原理及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995
[20]郭巍,刘招君等.断陷湖盆层序地层格架中的油气聚集规律——以松辽盆地为例[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2002,32(3):45～52
[21]朱筱敏,王贵文等.开鲁盆地陆西凹陷下白垩统层序地层学和油气评价[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):531～536
[22]周庆凡.塔里木盆地库车坳陷勘探远景评价[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):203～207
[23]池秋鄂.层序地层学成就及面临的挑战[J].世界石油工业,1996,3(4):5～6
[24]孟万斌.从层序地层学到高分辨率层序地层学[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,29(4):381～389
[25]徐大怀.陆相层序地层学研究中的某些问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,18(2):83～89
[26]许慧华.王志高,地震属性分析及其在胜利探区的应用[J].石油仪器,2002,16(5):21～24
[27]L.B.Magoon,Wallace G.Dow.含油气系统—从源岩到圈闭[M].张刚,蔡希源等译,北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[28]Liangqing Xue and William E. Galloway. Genetic Sequence Stratigraphic Framework, Depositional Style, and Hydrocarbon Occurrence of the Upper Cretaceous QYN Formations in the Songliao Lacustrine Basin, Northeastern China[J]:AAPG,1993,77(10):1792～1808
[29]罗群.圈闭成藏的可靠性评价方法研究[J].石油实验地质,1999,21(3):58～63
[30]魏魁生,徐怀大等.松辽盆地白垩系高分辨率层序地层格架[J].石油与天然气地质, 1997