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成都市普通高校大学生课余体育锻炼的研究
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摘要
高校体育教育承担着培养身心和谐发展的大学生的重任。通过体育教育能够培养大学生“健康第一”的意识,增进其健康水平,进一步提高大学生的运动技能,最终达到终身体育的行为和习惯。课余体育锻炼是指在学校的课余时间里,学生运用各种身体练习和方法进行的体育健身、教育育心、文化娱乐、德育和个性培养的体育教育活动。
     课余体育锻炼开展的好坏直接影响高校体育工作的效果。首先,体育课教授的内容必须通过体育活动和锻炼才能得到巩固与提高;其次,课余体育锻炼是提高学生身体素质、释放心里压力、增进身心健康的最佳途径;最后,课余体育锻炼是培养终身体育能力和习惯的最重要途径。因此,研究高校大学生课余体育锻炼具有及其重要的现实意义。
     本文以成都市普通高校大学生为调查对象,通过对普通高校大学生的问卷和现场调查,对学校体育的专家和体育教师的访谈,对数据和资料进行数理统计和社会学分析,掌握了成都地区普通高校大学生课余体锻炼的大量相关信息。
     研究发现,成都地区普通高校为大学生参与课余体育锻炼提供了较好的硬件环境,但也存在一些问题:第一,成都市普通高校大学生参与课余体育锻炼的积极性普遍不高:第二,大学生参与课余体育锻炼认知与行相冲突,即学生主观认为必要的课余体育锻炼是维持身心健康的基础,但参与行为却不理想;第三,制约大学生参与课余体育锻炼积极性的主观性因素主要是专项运动知识和技能水平不高;第四,高校对校园体育文化建设的力度不够以及对课余体育疏于管理是影响大学生参与课余体育锻炼积极性的主要存在因素。
     改善成都地区普通高校大学生课余锻炼的主要思路和对策有:第一,加强学校课余体育锻炼的组织管理;第二,积极引导学生参与课余体育锻炼;第三,重视体育教育过程的衔接;第四,实施“课内外一体化”策略,建立课余体育锻炼评价体系;第五,进一步规范高校体育硬件设施;第六,加强体育社团管理以及代表队的培养。
Physical education is an important part of the university curriculum. The premise of physical education is that the addition of students' conceptual understanding of fitness principles will enhance the probability of lifelong health and physical activity habits. Involving students with vigorous activity during working and classes, teaching them motor skills and knowledge for use out of school, and providing experiences conductive to forming positive attitudes toward physical activity are some of the important contributions that physical education can make to the health of the nation. Colleges and Universities provide a unique environment in which physical activity information and intervention programs can be delivered to a large number of young adults. This setting may be the last opportunity in which young adult are exposed to health information in a formal educational setting.
     After-class physical exercise is an integral component of the total physical education in college. As the content of physical education, students can keep fit by after-class physical exercise; at the same time, self-education, recreation, moral culture education and the habit of taking part in physical exercise can be nurtured.
     In addition, after-class physical exercise impacts the overall goal of education a lot as well. First of all, by after-class exercise, the content that studied in class can be enhanced or improved. Secondly, it is the best way for students to adopt after-class exercise to improve physical fitness, relax, and improve the fitness related health. Finally, there is a closely relationship between after-class exercises and habits and abilities training of students.
     Additionally, after-school physical exercise makes a unique contribution to the education of students; it is the subject area in the school devoted to the study of human movement, the acquisition of motor skills and the promotion of fitness. It is concerned with the total development of the individual, encompassing development of the individual, encompassing development in the psychomotor, cognitive, and affective domains. The development of motor skills, fitness, knowledge, and attitudes conductive to a lifetime of participation is a commonly acknowledged goal of university's school physical education program.
     The authors examined the relationship between physical activity, exercise, and influence in 885 college students who had completed questionnaires at the beginning of the course, or in their place of residence. And take the suggestion with experts and teachers of physical education, deal data with sociology and statistics method, obtain some messages of colleges' and universities' students enjoying after-school activity and exercise.
     The data indicated that the facilities of colleges and universities were good for students' activity, but there were also some questions: (a) The positivity of students participating in exercise and activity needed improving. (b) The cognitive of students wasn't agree with the behavior of them participate in exercise and activity. (c) Students' knowledge and skill of physical exercise was not enough. (d) The cultural circulation and organization of school needed improved greatly.
     The suggestions improving the rate of students participate in exercise and activity on after-school activity included: (a) Reinforce school's managing and organization of after-school exercise and activity. (b) Guide student to participate in after-school exercise and activity. (c) Take systematic physical education linking up seriously. (d) Put "class inside and outside integration" tactics into practice; build after-school exercise and activity appraising system. (e) Further standard colleges and universities sports facilities. (f) Reinforce the organization of Sports Corporation and administration of sports representative team.
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