表面活性剂降低瓦斯涌出的实验研究
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摘要
基于我国煤矿瓦斯事故频发、威胁巨大、影响严重的严峻形势,阐述了课题研究的重要意义,对我国当前瓦斯治理技术现状和表面活性剂在瓦斯防治方面的应用现状做了全面介绍,确定了实验研究的思路、内容和方法,制定了“理论分析—设备研制—实验测定—比较对照—归纳总结”的研究方案。
论文从煤的孔隙结构和煤层瓦斯赋存规律研究入手,在总结前人研究成果的基础上,重点研究了颗粒煤瓦斯涌出规律,明确提出瓦斯从煤屑中的涌出是一个气体在多孔介质中的扩散过程,煤屑颗粒的扩散规律遵守指数分布的形式。
在系统研究表面活性剂性质、特点及结构性能的基础上,对表面活性剂溶液封堵瓦斯的机理进行了深入研究,第一次系统论述了毛细驱动力和分子吸引力对溶液润湿煤体,从而有效封堵瓦斯、降低瓦斯涌出量的重要作用,研究了活性剂溶液对提高瓦斯吸附能力及温度对降低瓦斯解吸能力的影响。根据实验测定结果,计算了毛细驱动力的变化,指出添加了自配的表面活性剂溶液,毛细驱动力平均提高2.65倍,最大提高4.03倍。
根据表面活性剂的性能和选用原则,筛选出6种适宜的表面活性剂,并做了58种复配组合。按照实验方案,测定了表面活性剂单体溶液和复配溶液的表面张力、接触角和临界胶束浓度等性能参数,通过对测定结果的分析研究,最终确定了最佳药剂和最佳浓度。
封堵瓦斯实验研究部分,根据实验内容和目的要求,制定了周密详实的实验方案,自行设计制作了瓦斯解吸测试系统,对5个高瓦斯矿井的原煤样、水浸湿煤样、表面活性剂溶液作用煤样,在3种压力作用条件下,分别进行了瓦斯解吸强度的测定,考察了活性剂溶液封堵瓦斯的效果。通过比较对照和分析计算,与原煤样比较,瓦斯解吸量递减幅度平均达到64.72%,与纯水作用的煤样比较,瓦斯解吸量递减幅度平均为14.7%。由此得出了本实验研究的结论:适宜的表面活性剂溶液能够改善煤颗粒的表面性能,提高溶液对瓦斯的封堵能力,降低瓦斯涌出强度,为煤矿瓦斯治理提供了崭新的研究思路和技术途径。
Due to the serious situation of frequent coal mine accidents which resulted in a huge threat and a severe impact, this dissertation explained the significance of the research, did a comprehensive analysis on current situation of gas control technologies and surfactant application in the prevention and treatment of gas, determined the ideas, contents and methods of the experimental studies, developed a "theory - equipment development - experimental determination– contrast and comparison- summarization" research program.
In view of the achievements of previous studies, this dissertation starts with the study of the gap structures of coal and coal seam gas hosting law, focuses on the study of gas emission rules of particles of coal, clearly proposes that the emission of gas from the coal dust is a process of gas diffusion in porous media and the diffusion of coal particles follows the exponential distribution. Based on the systematic study of the property,features and structural performance of surfactant, the dissertation has done a deep research on the mechanism of surfactant solution blocking gas. For the first time it discussed that capillary driving forces and molecular attractive forces are significant during the process of wetting coal by solution so as to sealing gas, reducing gas emission. It also studied surfactant solution’s effects on the improvement of the capacity of gas adsorption and temperature’s effect on decreasing gas desorption. According to the experimental measurements, the changes in the capillary driving force were calculated. It was pointed that capillary driving force increased an average of 2.65 times, even 4.03 times at the maximum, after adding surfactant solutions .
According to the performance of surfactants and selection principles, 6 suitable surfactants were selected and 58 kinds of compound combinations were made. In accordance with the experimental program, I determined surface tentions, contact angles and critical micellar concentration of surfactant monomer solution and compound combinations solution. After the analysis of the results of the study, the optimum reagent and its concentration were determined. In the experimental study of gas sealing part, on the basis of the experimental contents, purpose and requirements, a detailed experimental program was made. I designed the testing system of gas desorption. In terms of raw coal samples, water soaked coal samples, and surfactant-treated samples selected from 5 differdent high gas mines, we respectively determined the intensity of gas desorption in three different pressure conditions. The effects that the surfactant solutions have in blocking gas were investigated. Through comparison, analysis and calculation, gas desorption rate decreased an average of 64.72% when compared with raw coal samples, however, gas desorption rate decreased an average of 14.7% when compared with water-treated coal samples. Thus the conclusion was made that appropriate surfactant solution can improve the surface properties of coal particles, improve the solution’s ability of sealing gas, reducing gas emission intensity, which opens up new ideas and technical approaches for coal mine gas control.
论文从煤的孔隙结构和煤层瓦斯赋存规律研究入手,在总结前人研究成果的基础上,重点研究了颗粒煤瓦斯涌出规律,明确提出瓦斯从煤屑中的涌出是一个气体在多孔介质中的扩散过程,煤屑颗粒的扩散规律遵守指数分布的形式。
在系统研究表面活性剂性质、特点及结构性能的基础上,对表面活性剂溶液封堵瓦斯的机理进行了深入研究,第一次系统论述了毛细驱动力和分子吸引力对溶液润湿煤体,从而有效封堵瓦斯、降低瓦斯涌出量的重要作用,研究了活性剂溶液对提高瓦斯吸附能力及温度对降低瓦斯解吸能力的影响。根据实验测定结果,计算了毛细驱动力的变化,指出添加了自配的表面活性剂溶液,毛细驱动力平均提高2.65倍,最大提高4.03倍。
根据表面活性剂的性能和选用原则,筛选出6种适宜的表面活性剂,并做了58种复配组合。按照实验方案,测定了表面活性剂单体溶液和复配溶液的表面张力、接触角和临界胶束浓度等性能参数,通过对测定结果的分析研究,最终确定了最佳药剂和最佳浓度。
封堵瓦斯实验研究部分,根据实验内容和目的要求,制定了周密详实的实验方案,自行设计制作了瓦斯解吸测试系统,对5个高瓦斯矿井的原煤样、水浸湿煤样、表面活性剂溶液作用煤样,在3种压力作用条件下,分别进行了瓦斯解吸强度的测定,考察了活性剂溶液封堵瓦斯的效果。通过比较对照和分析计算,与原煤样比较,瓦斯解吸量递减幅度平均达到64.72%,与纯水作用的煤样比较,瓦斯解吸量递减幅度平均为14.7%。由此得出了本实验研究的结论:适宜的表面活性剂溶液能够改善煤颗粒的表面性能,提高溶液对瓦斯的封堵能力,降低瓦斯涌出强度,为煤矿瓦斯治理提供了崭新的研究思路和技术途径。
Due to the serious situation of frequent coal mine accidents which resulted in a huge threat and a severe impact, this dissertation explained the significance of the research, did a comprehensive analysis on current situation of gas control technologies and surfactant application in the prevention and treatment of gas, determined the ideas, contents and methods of the experimental studies, developed a "theory - equipment development - experimental determination– contrast and comparison- summarization" research program.
In view of the achievements of previous studies, this dissertation starts with the study of the gap structures of coal and coal seam gas hosting law, focuses on the study of gas emission rules of particles of coal, clearly proposes that the emission of gas from the coal dust is a process of gas diffusion in porous media and the diffusion of coal particles follows the exponential distribution. Based on the systematic study of the property,features and structural performance of surfactant, the dissertation has done a deep research on the mechanism of surfactant solution blocking gas. For the first time it discussed that capillary driving forces and molecular attractive forces are significant during the process of wetting coal by solution so as to sealing gas, reducing gas emission. It also studied surfactant solution’s effects on the improvement of the capacity of gas adsorption and temperature’s effect on decreasing gas desorption. According to the experimental measurements, the changes in the capillary driving force were calculated. It was pointed that capillary driving force increased an average of 2.65 times, even 4.03 times at the maximum, after adding surfactant solutions .
According to the performance of surfactants and selection principles, 6 suitable surfactants were selected and 58 kinds of compound combinations were made. In accordance with the experimental program, I determined surface tentions, contact angles and critical micellar concentration of surfactant monomer solution and compound combinations solution. After the analysis of the results of the study, the optimum reagent and its concentration were determined. In the experimental study of gas sealing part, on the basis of the experimental contents, purpose and requirements, a detailed experimental program was made. I designed the testing system of gas desorption. In terms of raw coal samples, water soaked coal samples, and surfactant-treated samples selected from 5 differdent high gas mines, we respectively determined the intensity of gas desorption in three different pressure conditions. The effects that the surfactant solutions have in blocking gas were investigated. Through comparison, analysis and calculation, gas desorption rate decreased an average of 64.72% when compared with raw coal samples, however, gas desorption rate decreased an average of 14.7% when compared with water-treated coal samples. Thus the conclusion was made that appropriate surfactant solution can improve the surface properties of coal particles, improve the solution’s ability of sealing gas, reducing gas emission intensity, which opens up new ideas and technical approaches for coal mine gas control.
引文
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