加筋钢管混凝土柱的耐火性能研究
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摘要
加筋钢管混凝土柱是在普通钢管混凝土柱的核心混凝土中配置考虑耐火因素的钢筋,从而不需施以防火保护就可以达到所要求的耐火极限的一种结构形式。它不仅具备普通钢管混凝土柱承载力高、塑性和韧性好、抗震性能好、施工方便以及经济效果好等优越的力学特性,还具有较好的耐火性能,是一种发展前景广阔的结构形式。国外对这种结构形式的钢管混凝土柱的研究较多,国内则鲜有研究。本文采用理论推导和非线性有限元模拟相结合的方法,分析火灾作用下加筋钢管混凝土柱的耐火性能,从而为确定复式钢管混凝土柱的抗火设计方法提供一些理论基础。基于本文所做的理论分析和数值模拟,可以得到以下结论:
首先,依据双剪统一强度理论研究普通钢管混凝土柱的轴心受力问题,充分考虑紧箍力对钢管和核心混凝土的双向影响,从而得到钢管混凝土轴压短柱的承载力计算式,并与试验数据进行了对比分析,结果吻合良好。并对双剪统一强度理论中的参数进行讨论,确定各参数的取值。然后将其推广到加筋钢管混凝土柱,使得方形和圆形加筋钢管混凝土柱的承载力有了统一的表达式。
其次,详细介绍了Rankine公式的由来和表达式的推导过程,并将本文得到的常温下的加筋钢管混凝土柱的承载力公式应用到Rankine公式中,用常温下柱子的塑性破坏能力和弹性屈曲能力来表示柱子的耐火能力,从而推导出钢柱和钢管混凝土柱耐火性能的理论公式。通过一个方形加筋钢管混凝土柱实例进行了验证和各影响因素分析,以及采用文献中的试验数据进行对比分析,结果显示,Rankine法可以提供正确而且安全的解。
最后,采用ANSYS瞬态热应力分析的间接法分析加筋钢管混凝土柱的耐火性能,在确定钢材和混凝土的热工性能参数和本构关系的基础上,建立有限元模型,进行温度场分析和热一结构耦合分析。在热分析时,它的温度场可表示为柱内无热源的第一类边界条件的二维不稳定温度场,从而得到构件截面在不同时刻的温度场分布云图,从图中可以看到:构件截面外边缘等温线与截面形状近似,随着温度的升高,先从四个角开始退化,并逐渐向截面内部延伸,截面内部等温线逐渐趋于圆形。在热分析后,将模型中的热单元转换为相应的结构单元,并设置结构分析中的材料属性,将热分析结果作为体荷载施加到模型上进行热应力计算。
本文通过对加筋钢管混凝土柱耐火性能的理论推导和有限元分析,了解了钢管混凝土柱在火灾下的耐火性能以及温度场变化情况,为钢管混凝土的进一步研究奠定了基础。
Reinforced concrete filled steel columns are concrete filled steel columns which have steels in the core concrete with high fire-resistance, They could reach the fire-resisting limit without any other measure of fireproof. These columns not only have superior performance like the normal concrete filled steel columns, such as higher bearing capacity, better plasticity and ductility, superior earthquake resistant capability etc, but also have better fire-resisting performance. Therefore the reinforced concrete filled steel columns are widely used overseas. In this paper, the performance of reinforced concrete filled steel columns when exposed to fire was analyzed using the combination of theoretical analysis and nonlinear finite element simulation. The obtained results can be used as basis for the fire-resistance design process of reinforced concrete filled steel columns. Several conclusions can be obtained from the results of this paper:
At first, the bearing capability of concrete filled steel tube columns subjected to axial compressive loading was studied based on the Twin Shear Unified Strength Theory. The calculation formula was derived and the effect of the intermediate principal stress, the confinement effect between the strain-constrained concrete cylinders and the steel tube, was considered sufficiently. Good agreement can be observed from the comparison between the theoretical results and the experimental data in the literature. The values of the factors for the lateral pressure and for strength of material were discussed and verified. This formula was generalized to reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns. It is applicable for both the square and the circular reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns.
Second, the formula of Rankine was introduced, and the formula of the bearing capacity of the reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns at normal temperature was used in the formula of Rankine. Then, the calculation formula of fire resistance of steel columns and reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns was derived. In this formula, the fire resistance was expressed by the capacity of plastic failure and elastic buckling of columns at normal temperature. An example of a square reinforced concrete filled steel tube column was illustrated. Comparison between the theoretical results and the experimental data in the literature was conducted and it can be concluded that the formula of Rankine could provide a true and safe answer.
Third, the fire performance of reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns were analyzed in term of instantaneous thermal analysis of ANSYS 8.0. On the base of the thermal performance parameters and the constitutive relationship of the material, the finite-element models were set up using 3D thermal conduction element. Then, the temperature field and the thermal-structure coupling analysis were simulated. The temperature field could express that planar precarious temperature field which has the first boundary condition and does not have heat fountainhead in the columns. The distributing of the temperature field at different time was derived. It shows that the equal thermal line of section fringe is close to the figure, the isotherm of the section inside is approximately circular along with the temperature. Finally, the thermal stress was calculated using the finite element model. In this process, the thermal elements are turned to be structure elements accordingly. The proper material attributes were selected and the result of thermal analysis was loaded as body load on the model.
The fire resistance and the temperature field of the reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns when exposed to fire were investigated based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results are useful for the further development of the concrete filled steel tube columns.
首先,依据双剪统一强度理论研究普通钢管混凝土柱的轴心受力问题,充分考虑紧箍力对钢管和核心混凝土的双向影响,从而得到钢管混凝土轴压短柱的承载力计算式,并与试验数据进行了对比分析,结果吻合良好。并对双剪统一强度理论中的参数进行讨论,确定各参数的取值。然后将其推广到加筋钢管混凝土柱,使得方形和圆形加筋钢管混凝土柱的承载力有了统一的表达式。
其次,详细介绍了Rankine公式的由来和表达式的推导过程,并将本文得到的常温下的加筋钢管混凝土柱的承载力公式应用到Rankine公式中,用常温下柱子的塑性破坏能力和弹性屈曲能力来表示柱子的耐火能力,从而推导出钢柱和钢管混凝土柱耐火性能的理论公式。通过一个方形加筋钢管混凝土柱实例进行了验证和各影响因素分析,以及采用文献中的试验数据进行对比分析,结果显示,Rankine法可以提供正确而且安全的解。
最后,采用ANSYS瞬态热应力分析的间接法分析加筋钢管混凝土柱的耐火性能,在确定钢材和混凝土的热工性能参数和本构关系的基础上,建立有限元模型,进行温度场分析和热一结构耦合分析。在热分析时,它的温度场可表示为柱内无热源的第一类边界条件的二维不稳定温度场,从而得到构件截面在不同时刻的温度场分布云图,从图中可以看到:构件截面外边缘等温线与截面形状近似,随着温度的升高,先从四个角开始退化,并逐渐向截面内部延伸,截面内部等温线逐渐趋于圆形。在热分析后,将模型中的热单元转换为相应的结构单元,并设置结构分析中的材料属性,将热分析结果作为体荷载施加到模型上进行热应力计算。
本文通过对加筋钢管混凝土柱耐火性能的理论推导和有限元分析,了解了钢管混凝土柱在火灾下的耐火性能以及温度场变化情况,为钢管混凝土的进一步研究奠定了基础。
Reinforced concrete filled steel columns are concrete filled steel columns which have steels in the core concrete with high fire-resistance, They could reach the fire-resisting limit without any other measure of fireproof. These columns not only have superior performance like the normal concrete filled steel columns, such as higher bearing capacity, better plasticity and ductility, superior earthquake resistant capability etc, but also have better fire-resisting performance. Therefore the reinforced concrete filled steel columns are widely used overseas. In this paper, the performance of reinforced concrete filled steel columns when exposed to fire was analyzed using the combination of theoretical analysis and nonlinear finite element simulation. The obtained results can be used as basis for the fire-resistance design process of reinforced concrete filled steel columns. Several conclusions can be obtained from the results of this paper:
At first, the bearing capability of concrete filled steel tube columns subjected to axial compressive loading was studied based on the Twin Shear Unified Strength Theory. The calculation formula was derived and the effect of the intermediate principal stress, the confinement effect between the strain-constrained concrete cylinders and the steel tube, was considered sufficiently. Good agreement can be observed from the comparison between the theoretical results and the experimental data in the literature. The values of the factors for the lateral pressure and for strength of material were discussed and verified. This formula was generalized to reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns. It is applicable for both the square and the circular reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns.
Second, the formula of Rankine was introduced, and the formula of the bearing capacity of the reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns at normal temperature was used in the formula of Rankine. Then, the calculation formula of fire resistance of steel columns and reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns was derived. In this formula, the fire resistance was expressed by the capacity of plastic failure and elastic buckling of columns at normal temperature. An example of a square reinforced concrete filled steel tube column was illustrated. Comparison between the theoretical results and the experimental data in the literature was conducted and it can be concluded that the formula of Rankine could provide a true and safe answer.
Third, the fire performance of reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns were analyzed in term of instantaneous thermal analysis of ANSYS 8.0. On the base of the thermal performance parameters and the constitutive relationship of the material, the finite-element models were set up using 3D thermal conduction element. Then, the temperature field and the thermal-structure coupling analysis were simulated. The temperature field could express that planar precarious temperature field which has the first boundary condition and does not have heat fountainhead in the columns. The distributing of the temperature field at different time was derived. It shows that the equal thermal line of section fringe is close to the figure, the isotherm of the section inside is approximately circular along with the temperature. Finally, the thermal stress was calculated using the finite element model. In this process, the thermal elements are turned to be structure elements accordingly. The proper material attributes were selected and the result of thermal analysis was loaded as body load on the model.
The fire resistance and the temperature field of the reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns when exposed to fire were investigated based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results are useful for the further development of the concrete filled steel tube columns.
引文
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