济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组层序地层格架及典型沉积的储层分布、隐蔽油气藏形成规律
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摘要
论文研究目的是进行区域对比深化济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组三级层序统层方案,并指导重点区块解剖以点带面总结高分辨率层序格架内沉积、特别是滩坝和水下扇沉积的储层分布、隐蔽油气藏形成规律。
应用层序地层学、特别是高分辨率层序地层学,按照旋回转换性质和沉积连续性综合分析和归纳了层序界面的类型,进而将两种性质、不同类别的界面进行了复合分类,依此进行层序对比深化建立了济阳坳陷三级层序统层方案。实践证明这种界面分类适用于济阳坳陷三级层序地层统层,统层结果与所选济阳坳陷各井的分层数据吻合较好、分层的旋回性质全区基本一致,并使用定年资料进行了标定和验证。
济阳坳陷沙河街组发育各种类型陆相储层及隐蔽油气藏,地层油气藏发育于盆缘和层序界面附近,岩性油气藏及复合油气藏在层序及盆地各个位置均可发育,中央背斜带主要发育构造、岩性及复合油气藏。
利用区域统层的地质认识和统层方案,重点解剖了东营凹陷博兴洼陷高89井区,划分了高频层序,研究了滩坝沉积的储层分布和成藏规律。滩坝沉积在区域上,如东营凹陷,主要发育于湖岸向风(盛行风)一侧、水下低隆或孤岛周围以及断阶下降盘,缓坡带;在区块上,如在博兴洼陷,主要发育于岸边洼地、断阶平台、低隆延伸顷没位置、鼻状构造两翼;在局部井区,在水退期发育于局部低洼、鼻状构造顷没位置,水进期发育于水下高地平台、鼻状构造两翼。决定滩坝油气藏分布的最主要因素为储层的富集程度、构造形态、古地理环境,而油源类型和丰富程度以及输导体系的连通效率、圈闭发育位置等则是决定油气藏充满程度的关键因素。高89井区油气藏主要分布于砂体富集区,构造和古地理较高部位,控洼断层与控深洼断层之间的位置。
利用区域统层的地质认识和统层方案,重点解剖了沾化凹陷孤北洼陷中西部地区,建立了三级及高频层序地层格架。主要研究了沙三下水下扇沉积的储层分布、成藏特征,总结了控制因素、分布规律。沙三下层序下部水下扇沉积,其砂体分布受研究区区域和局部物源、古地貌、构造及高频层序、断裂及坡折控制明显,主要分布于沟道、坑洼、断阶、平台、缓坡及高频层序低可容纳空间转换面附近。优势成藏位置靠近深洼陷部位、集中于古地貌局部高地向洼陷一侧、近垂直于断裂走向分布,受水下扇相带控制、均分布于扇中亚相,并以沟谷的扇中储层和断裂作为主要运移通道,以上覆水进泥岩为主要盖层、以扇根及其与扇中的过渡亚相为侧缘封堵。
The main objective of this dissertation is to deepen the sequence correlation scheme ofthe third-order sequence stratigraphy of Shahejie Group, Paleogene, Jiyang depression,Shandong, China and summarize typical depositional, specially beach-bar andunderwater-fan, reservoir distribution and subtle reservoir formation rules withinhigh-resolution sequence framework, studying of typical area and contrasting withregional data.
According to sequence stratigraphy, especially high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, allsequence surfaces have two characteristics: cyclic transformation and sedimentarycontinuity, the former characteristic presents consistent within its controlled area and thelatter changes following sedimentary rules. Consequently, these both characteristics canbe used together for regional correlation among the third-order sequences in some astudying area and it is useful to integrate sequence surfaces of these two kinds forconvenient and consistent statement and study. Sequence surfaces, therefore, can beintegrated and classified into 15 kinds of 3 types. This kind of classification method wasrecognized during this study and used for this work conveniently and effectively. Thepractice proved, this classification method was applicable for the third-order sequencecorrelation, all correlation results accorded with stratification data of chosen wellsgenerally, the corresponding cycle transformation characteristics were generallyconsistent in the whole studying area with varying sedimentary surface characteristics andthe corresponding cycles were isochronous, checked and calibrated withage-determination data.
Almost all kinds of reservoir beds of continental facies and subtle hydrocarbon reservoirsdeveloped in Shahejie Group, Jiyang depression. Most stratigraphic reservoir distributednear basin margin or (and) third-order sequence surface but lithologic and compoundedreservoirs yielded in the whole basin. At or along central anticline belts, structural,lithologic and compound reservoirs coexisted and prevailed.
According to the regional sequence correlation scheme and geological cognition, highfrequency sequence framework was established for Well Gao89 zone, Boxingsub-depression, Dongying, Jiyang and the reservoir bed distribution and subtle reservoirformation rules of beach bar was summarized. Beach bar sedimentation was mainly onthe side of windward lake bank, around the low underwater uplift or isolated island, onthe downthrown side of fault and on the ramp belt regionally, for example in Dongyingsag;in the area like Boxing sub-depression, mainly in the depression along bank, on thefaulted platform, along the sunk side of low uplift and beside two flanks of nose structure;in a well zone like Well Gao89 zone, mainly in the local low depression and along thesunk side of nose structure at regressive stage or mainly on the underwater highland
platform and beside two flanks of nose structure at transgressive stage. For beach-barhydrocarbon reservoir, the most important control elements are reservoir bed scale,structural shape and paleogeographic situation and some other key elements are the typeand abundance of hydrocarbon resource, the connectivity of transport system, the locationof trap and so on. The beach-bar reservoir mainly developed at the enrichment zone ofsands, higher location of structure and paleogeography and the location between faultsthat control sub-depression and deep sub-depression.High frequency sequence framework was established for the central west zone, Gubeisub-depression, Zhanhua, Jiyang and the reservoir bed distribution and subtle reservoirformation rules of underwater fan was summarized. Underwater fan sediments distributedmainly in the channel, pit, faulted terrace, platform and ramp and near the lowaccommodation transformation surface of high frequency sequence, controlled obviouslyby regional and local sedimentary resource, paleotopography, structure, high frequencysequence, fracture and slope break belt. The dominance reservoir formation zones wereclose to deep depression, centralized and near to local highland of paleotopographyinclined to deep depression and approximately perpendicular to fault strike, controlled bythe facies of underwater fan for instance that all advantageous reservoirs developed inmiddle fan. For these reservoirs, reservoir beds in valley belonging to middle fan andfractures are main transport channels, the overlaid transgressive mud is main seal and thefan root including the transition belt between root fan and middle fan are main lateralplugs.
应用层序地层学、特别是高分辨率层序地层学,按照旋回转换性质和沉积连续性综合分析和归纳了层序界面的类型,进而将两种性质、不同类别的界面进行了复合分类,依此进行层序对比深化建立了济阳坳陷三级层序统层方案。实践证明这种界面分类适用于济阳坳陷三级层序地层统层,统层结果与所选济阳坳陷各井的分层数据吻合较好、分层的旋回性质全区基本一致,并使用定年资料进行了标定和验证。
济阳坳陷沙河街组发育各种类型陆相储层及隐蔽油气藏,地层油气藏发育于盆缘和层序界面附近,岩性油气藏及复合油气藏在层序及盆地各个位置均可发育,中央背斜带主要发育构造、岩性及复合油气藏。
利用区域统层的地质认识和统层方案,重点解剖了东营凹陷博兴洼陷高89井区,划分了高频层序,研究了滩坝沉积的储层分布和成藏规律。滩坝沉积在区域上,如东营凹陷,主要发育于湖岸向风(盛行风)一侧、水下低隆或孤岛周围以及断阶下降盘,缓坡带;在区块上,如在博兴洼陷,主要发育于岸边洼地、断阶平台、低隆延伸顷没位置、鼻状构造两翼;在局部井区,在水退期发育于局部低洼、鼻状构造顷没位置,水进期发育于水下高地平台、鼻状构造两翼。决定滩坝油气藏分布的最主要因素为储层的富集程度、构造形态、古地理环境,而油源类型和丰富程度以及输导体系的连通效率、圈闭发育位置等则是决定油气藏充满程度的关键因素。高89井区油气藏主要分布于砂体富集区,构造和古地理较高部位,控洼断层与控深洼断层之间的位置。
利用区域统层的地质认识和统层方案,重点解剖了沾化凹陷孤北洼陷中西部地区,建立了三级及高频层序地层格架。主要研究了沙三下水下扇沉积的储层分布、成藏特征,总结了控制因素、分布规律。沙三下层序下部水下扇沉积,其砂体分布受研究区区域和局部物源、古地貌、构造及高频层序、断裂及坡折控制明显,主要分布于沟道、坑洼、断阶、平台、缓坡及高频层序低可容纳空间转换面附近。优势成藏位置靠近深洼陷部位、集中于古地貌局部高地向洼陷一侧、近垂直于断裂走向分布,受水下扇相带控制、均分布于扇中亚相,并以沟谷的扇中储层和断裂作为主要运移通道,以上覆水进泥岩为主要盖层、以扇根及其与扇中的过渡亚相为侧缘封堵。
The main objective of this dissertation is to deepen the sequence correlation scheme ofthe third-order sequence stratigraphy of Shahejie Group, Paleogene, Jiyang depression,Shandong, China and summarize typical depositional, specially beach-bar andunderwater-fan, reservoir distribution and subtle reservoir formation rules withinhigh-resolution sequence framework, studying of typical area and contrasting withregional data.
According to sequence stratigraphy, especially high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, allsequence surfaces have two characteristics: cyclic transformation and sedimentarycontinuity, the former characteristic presents consistent within its controlled area and thelatter changes following sedimentary rules. Consequently, these both characteristics canbe used together for regional correlation among the third-order sequences in some astudying area and it is useful to integrate sequence surfaces of these two kinds forconvenient and consistent statement and study. Sequence surfaces, therefore, can beintegrated and classified into 15 kinds of 3 types. This kind of classification method wasrecognized during this study and used for this work conveniently and effectively. Thepractice proved, this classification method was applicable for the third-order sequencecorrelation, all correlation results accorded with stratification data of chosen wellsgenerally, the corresponding cycle transformation characteristics were generallyconsistent in the whole studying area with varying sedimentary surface characteristics andthe corresponding cycles were isochronous, checked and calibrated withage-determination data.
Almost all kinds of reservoir beds of continental facies and subtle hydrocarbon reservoirsdeveloped in Shahejie Group, Jiyang depression. Most stratigraphic reservoir distributednear basin margin or (and) third-order sequence surface but lithologic and compoundedreservoirs yielded in the whole basin. At or along central anticline belts, structural,lithologic and compound reservoirs coexisted and prevailed.
According to the regional sequence correlation scheme and geological cognition, highfrequency sequence framework was established for Well Gao89 zone, Boxingsub-depression, Dongying, Jiyang and the reservoir bed distribution and subtle reservoirformation rules of beach bar was summarized. Beach bar sedimentation was mainly onthe side of windward lake bank, around the low underwater uplift or isolated island, onthe downthrown side of fault and on the ramp belt regionally, for example in Dongyingsag;in the area like Boxing sub-depression, mainly in the depression along bank, on thefaulted platform, along the sunk side of low uplift and beside two flanks of nose structure;in a well zone like Well Gao89 zone, mainly in the local low depression and along thesunk side of nose structure at regressive stage or mainly on the underwater highland
platform and beside two flanks of nose structure at transgressive stage. For beach-barhydrocarbon reservoir, the most important control elements are reservoir bed scale,structural shape and paleogeographic situation and some other key elements are the typeand abundance of hydrocarbon resource, the connectivity of transport system, the locationof trap and so on. The beach-bar reservoir mainly developed at the enrichment zone ofsands, higher location of structure and paleogeography and the location between faultsthat control sub-depression and deep sub-depression.High frequency sequence framework was established for the central west zone, Gubeisub-depression, Zhanhua, Jiyang and the reservoir bed distribution and subtle reservoirformation rules of underwater fan was summarized. Underwater fan sediments distributedmainly in the channel, pit, faulted terrace, platform and ramp and near the lowaccommodation transformation surface of high frequency sequence, controlled obviouslyby regional and local sedimentary resource, paleotopography, structure, high frequencysequence, fracture and slope break belt. The dominance reservoir formation zones wereclose to deep depression, centralized and near to local highland of paleotopographyinclined to deep depression and approximately perpendicular to fault strike, controlled bythe facies of underwater fan for instance that all advantageous reservoirs developed inmiddle fan. For these reservoirs, reservoir beds in valley belonging to middle fan andfractures are main transport channels, the overlaid transgressive mud is main seal and thefan root including the transition belt between root fan and middle fan are main lateralplugs.
引文
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