天然防暴剂与土霉素废液中回收草酸的研究
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摘要
论文介绍天然防暴剂的生产工艺、表面活性剂在天然防暴剂中的应用以及土霉素发酵废液中草酸的回收。全文分为三章。
第一章：文献综述。详细评述了天然防暴剂研制的目的意义、国内外研究现况以及表面活性剂在相关研究中的应用；介绍了硫酸铅回收土霉素发酵废液中草酸。
第二章：对以辣椒碱为有效成分的天然防暴剂进行研究。利用反相液相色谱测定辣椒碱的含量。研究了表面活性剂在天然防暴剂中的应用。考察了不同无机酸和碱、反应时间核反应温度、有机溶剂、溶液pH值、防腐剂浓度等实验条件对防暴剂有效成分浓度、稳定性的影响，考察了动物对不同浓度防暴剂的刺激性反应，确定天然防暴剂有效成分安全范围内的含量。在最佳工艺条件下，天然防暴剂的有效浓度完全可以达到防暴要求，稳定时间超过一年。研究结果表明，本实验生产工艺合理可行，且具有良好的操作稳定性。
第三章：对重复利用硫酸铅回收土霉素发酵废液中草酸进行了研究，并采用高锰酸钾滴定法测定回收率。考察了反应时间、硫酸铅颗粒度、不同无机酸及其不同酸的浓度等实验条件对方法回收率的影响，优选出了回收草酸以及处理回收的硫酸铅的最佳实验条件。草酸回收率达92％以上。硫酸铅的回收率为94％-97％，回收硫酸铅的使用效果相当于硫酸铅首次使用的效果。该法设备简单，操作方便，适合药厂大规模回收草酸。
The paper introduces the production process of the natural antiriot solution, the application of sulfactants in the natural antiriot solution and Oxalic caid reclaimed with lead sulfate in waste waterfrom oxytertracycline. The paper consists of three chapters.
In chapter one, the development of the natural antiriot and the interrelated application of sulfactants are reviewed; Oxalic acid reclaimed with lead sulfate in waste water from oxytertracycline was studied.
In chapter two, the natural antiriot solution using capsaicin as the effective ingrident was investigated with RP-HPLC to determine the concentration of capsaicin. The application of sulfactants in the natural antiriot solution and the conditions that affects the concentration of effective ingrident and the stability of the natural antiriot solution, such as different inorganic caid and alkali, reaction time, temperature, organic modifiers and the concentration of antiseptic was investigated. In addition, the animals'reaction to the thrill of the different concentration of the natural antiriot was also investigated and the concentration in the safe range was determined by animal's experiment. The results show that under the optimum conditions ,the concentration of the effective ingrident comply to the requirement and the stability was more than a year. The production process was feasible ,and its stability was excellent.
In charter three, Oxalic acid reclaimed with lead sulfate in waste water from oxytertracycline was investigated and its recoveries were determined by permaganate titration In addition, different approaches recovering the used lead sulfate were also investigated. The results show that under the optimum conditions the recovery of oxalic acid is over 92% and that the method is easy to operate and is fit for the reclamation of oxalic acid in factory.
第一章：文献综述。详细评述了天然防暴剂研制的目的意义、国内外研究现况以及表面活性剂在相关研究中的应用；介绍了硫酸铅回收土霉素发酵废液中草酸。
第二章：对以辣椒碱为有效成分的天然防暴剂进行研究。利用反相液相色谱测定辣椒碱的含量。研究了表面活性剂在天然防暴剂中的应用。考察了不同无机酸和碱、反应时间核反应温度、有机溶剂、溶液pH值、防腐剂浓度等实验条件对防暴剂有效成分浓度、稳定性的影响，考察了动物对不同浓度防暴剂的刺激性反应，确定天然防暴剂有效成分安全范围内的含量。在最佳工艺条件下，天然防暴剂的有效浓度完全可以达到防暴要求，稳定时间超过一年。研究结果表明，本实验生产工艺合理可行，且具有良好的操作稳定性。
第三章：对重复利用硫酸铅回收土霉素发酵废液中草酸进行了研究，并采用高锰酸钾滴定法测定回收率。考察了反应时间、硫酸铅颗粒度、不同无机酸及其不同酸的浓度等实验条件对方法回收率的影响，优选出了回收草酸以及处理回收的硫酸铅的最佳实验条件。草酸回收率达92％以上。硫酸铅的回收率为94％-97％，回收硫酸铅的使用效果相当于硫酸铅首次使用的效果。该法设备简单，操作方便，适合药厂大规模回收草酸。
The paper introduces the production process of the natural antiriot solution, the application of sulfactants in the natural antiriot solution and Oxalic caid reclaimed with lead sulfate in waste waterfrom oxytertracycline. The paper consists of three chapters.
In chapter one, the development of the natural antiriot and the interrelated application of sulfactants are reviewed; Oxalic acid reclaimed with lead sulfate in waste water from oxytertracycline was studied.
In chapter two, the natural antiriot solution using capsaicin as the effective ingrident was investigated with RP-HPLC to determine the concentration of capsaicin. The application of sulfactants in the natural antiriot solution and the conditions that affects the concentration of effective ingrident and the stability of the natural antiriot solution, such as different inorganic caid and alkali, reaction time, temperature, organic modifiers and the concentration of antiseptic was investigated. In addition, the animals'reaction to the thrill of the different concentration of the natural antiriot was also investigated and the concentration in the safe range was determined by animal's experiment. The results show that under the optimum conditions ,the concentration of the effective ingrident comply to the requirement and the stability was more than a year. The production process was feasible ,and its stability was excellent.
In charter three, Oxalic acid reclaimed with lead sulfate in waste water from oxytertracycline was investigated and its recoveries were determined by permaganate titration In addition, different approaches recovering the used lead sulfate were also investigated. The results show that under the optimum conditions the recovery of oxalic acid is over 92% and that the method is easy to operate and is fit for the reclamation of oxalic acid in factory.
引文
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[36] 杨久义，赵风青，张士莹，从制药厂废水中提取草酸的工艺研究[J]，现代化工，2000(7)：40-42．
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[40] 许小青，张志琪，以重铬酸钾—结晶紫指示反映流动注射催化光度法测定草酸[J]，福州大学学报(自然科学版)，1999增刊：220-221．
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[2] 王剑平，张建国，王爱军，食品工业科技[J]，辣椒碱及其工业生产方法，1996，6：65-67．
[3] 杨光，晃阳，安纯前，新型防护装备---单兵喷射自卫器的研制与技术分析，中国安防产品信息[J]，2000，3：12-14．
[4] 沈钟，王果庭，胶体与表面化学[M]，北京：化学工业出版社，1991：316．
[5] 朱文涛，刘芸，孙贤达，物理化学(下册)[M]，北京，清华大学化学系物化教研组，1988，11-1-11-75．
[6] 钱旭红，徐玉芳，徐小勇，精细化工概论[M]，北京，化学工业出版社2000：8-11．
[7] 宋照斌，宋启煌，高分子表面活性剂在水处理中的应用[J]，精细化工，2000，12：700-703．
[8] Garti N, Aserin A. Double emulsions stabilized by macromolecular surfactants[J], Advances in Colloind and Interface. Sci, 1996, 65:37-69.
[9] 刘锦，聚环氧乙烷为支链的两亲共聚物的表征及性能[J]，高分子学报，1996，(2)：136．
[10] Charles L, McCormick, Luis C, etal. Ampholytic copolymers of sodium with[2-(acrylamindo)-2-methylpropyl]trimethylammonium chloride [J], 1992, Macromolecules, 1992, 25(7):1896.
[11] Yihuang Chang, Charles 1, McCormick, Effect of the distribution of the hydrophobic cationic monmerdimethyldodecyl(2-acrylamidoethyl) ammonium bromide on the solution behavior of associating acrylamide copolymers[J], Macromolecues, 1993, 26(22):6121.
[12] Kemppi A, Studies on the adhesion between paper and lowdensity Dolythylene(5. the influence of polyacrylamide)[J], Paperi ja puu, 1998.80(3):172.
[13] Gould F J, Options of reffluent treatment in the paper industry[J], Pepper Technology, 1997, 38(4):33.
[14] Alfano J.C, Coagulant mediation of interfacial forces between anioic surfaces[J], Nord Pulp Pap Res J, 1999, 14(1):30.
[15] Gibbs A, Flocculants for precipitated calcium carbonnate in Newsprint Pulps[J], Tappi J, 1997, 80(4):163
[16] 董玉莲，肖锦，两性高分子水处理剂的研究现状与发展[J]，化工进展，1999，18(6)：16。
[17] 鲍其鼐，冷却水中的水溶性聚合物[J]，化工进展，1999，18(5)：56．
[18] 张万忠，李锦贵，季铵盐阳离子聚电解质P(DM-AM)用于造纸废水处理的研究[J]，水处理技术，1999，25(5)：293．
[19] 张龙，刘雪雁，李长海等．丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸乙酯基氯化铵共聚物的合成及絮凝作用[J]，高分子材料科学与工程，1999，15(6)：59．
[20] 彭晓宏，沈家瑞，两性聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝脱水性能研究[J]，石油化工，1998，27(6)：267．
[21] 张健，张黎明，李卓美，疏水化水溶性聚电解质的增黏作用[J]，功能高分子学报，1999，12(1)：88．
[22] 赵华章，高宝玉，岳钦艳，二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)聚合物的研究进展[J]，工业水处理，1999，19(6)：1．
[23] 赵勇，李维云，哈润华等，(AM/AA/DADMAC)共聚物堵水剂的反相乳液法制备研究[J]，精细化工，1997，14(6)：35-37．
[24] 罗儒显，双功能改性丙烯酸树脂皮革涂饰剂的研制[J]，精细化工，1997，14(4)：17。
[25] 许国强，黄雪红，疏水改性聚乙烯醇的黏度行为[J]，精细化工，1999，6(6)：1-4．
[26] 曾希，陈观文，聚电解质复合物[J]，高分子通报，1997，(1)：29．
[27] Shirahama K, Tsujii K, Takagi T. Free-boundary electrophoresis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-protein polypeptide complexes with special refernce to sds-polyarcylamide gel electrophoriesis[J], J Biochem, 1974, 75:309-319.
[28] Kwak J C TEd, Polymer-Surfactant System[M], New York:Marcel Dekkere, 1998.
[29] Anthony O, Zana R, Interactions between water-solublepolymers and surfactants:effect of the polymer hydrophobicity, 1. Hydrophilic poly-electrolytes[J], Langmuir, 1996, 12:1967-1975.
[230] Li Y J, Dubin P L, Navel P A, etal. Electrophoretic light scattering, dynamic light scattering, and tubidimetry studies of the effect of polymer concentration on complex for marion between polyelectrolyte and oppositely charged mixed micelles[J], Macromolecules, 1995, 28:3098-3102.
[31] Xia J L, Zhang H W, Rigsbee D R, etal. Structural elucidation of solule polyelctrolyte-mecell complexes:intra-vsinter polymer association[J], Macromolecules, 1993, 11:2579-2766.
[32] Wallin T, Linse P, Monte Carlo simulations of polyelectrolytesat charged micelles. 1. Effects of chain flexibility[J],Langmuir, 1996,12:305-314.
[33] Wallin T, Linese P, Monte carlo simulations of polyelectrolytes at charged micelles. 2. Effects of linear charged ensity[J], J Phys Chem, 1996, 100:17873-17880.
[34] Wallin T, Linse P, Monte Carlo simulations of polyelectrolytes at charged micelles. 3. Effects of linear charged ensity[J], J Phys Chem, 1997, 101:5506-5513.
[35] 彭存尧，李平安，党捧仙，从土霉素废母液中回收草酸[J]，河南化工，2001(5)：31-32．
[36] 杨久义，赵风青，张士莹，从制药厂废水中提取草酸的工艺研究[J]，现代化工，2000(7)：40-42．
[37] 林燕春，用离子色谱法测定环境样品中甲酸、乙酸、草酸[J]，分析测试学报，2000(2)：83-85．
[38] 秦炜，张英，罗学辉等，草酸与乙醛酸的萃取分离[J]，化工学报，2001(2)：135-140．
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