激光电视信号分析与高速扫描系统的研究
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摘要
激光电视自前苏联科学院物理研究所的学者们研究成功以来，由于受到激光扫描装置精度要求和激光器发光效率低、电功耗大的限制，而难以实用化。进入九十年代后，随着微电子技术、超精加工技术和固体激光技术等相关技术的发展，使激光电视的实现成为了可能。
在激光电视中，对激光扫描系统的稳定性和精确性的要求是激光电视能否实现的一个关键技术环节。激光扫描系统的研制方向大致有两个：一是光机扫描；二是声光扫描。光机扫描是用机械装置带动其反射系统旋转以实现激光光束的扫描，其原理简单，扫描范围大，但机械系统存在机构精度差、稳定性较难控制等问题。声光扫描是利用超声波对光的作用，使光束发生偏转来实现扫描的，具有控制容易、扫描速度快、系统结构简单等特点，其主要缺点是光束扫描角小。目前随着高速微特电机的发展，特别是永磁无刷直流电机的发展，使电机的运行速度和稳定性都得到了很大的提高，同时随着步进电机的细分驱动技术的进一步发展和完善，使步进电机的步距角更加细小和均匀，运行更平稳。这对激光电视高速扫描系统的实现提供了可靠的技术保障。
我所研究项目——激光高速扫描系统就是利用了永磁无刷直流电机和步进电机驱动反射镜实现电视图像的扫描。永磁无刷直流电机驱动等10面体旋转反射镜实现电视图像的行扫描，步进电机驱动单面反射镜实现电视图像的场扫描。它具有扫描速度高、扫描速度可调、运行平稳、精度高等特点，可广泛应用到机械加工、多媒体欣赏、舞台装饰等多项领域，具有广阔的市场前景。
本文从电视信号的分析入手，在简述电视图像信号的基础上，对激光电视高速扫描系统的结构和方案进行了设计，从中确定了行扫描视角和场扫描视角的大小和步进电机的步距角。在此基础上，结合电视图像信号的要求，进一步确定了旋转反射镜的面数和电机的转速。在激光电视行扫描系统中，通过对直流电机机械特性的分析，结合激光电视行扫描的要求，选择了永磁无刷直流电机的调速方案，并在此基础上设计了调速稳速电路。在场扫描系统中，通过对步进电机的运行特性和通电方式的分析，结合激光电视场扫描的要求，对步进电机步距角进行了细分驱动的研究，并优化了细分驱动方案，求得步进电机恒力矩均匀细分驱动的相电流数学公式。在此基础上对步进电机细分驱动电路作了简单的介绍。
Since the learned man of the former Soviet Union academy of sciences physics had researched the institute of laser television to the success, it is difficult to practicability because the laser sweep unit accuracy demand and the laser instrument luminous efficacy and the great limit of electricity work loss. Going into the 90's, with the technique development of the microelectronics and super precision work technique and solid body laser technique, laser television achieves into for the sake of the probability.
In the laser television, it is very important for the achievement of the laser television to the laser scanning system stability and the exact quality. The laser scanning system development orientation approbatory possesses two: one is light engine scanning the other is fame scanning. Light engine scanning is in the way of spurring reflects to circle with the machine unit. The rule is easy, sweep range greatly, yet the problem is that the machine system is the bad accuracy and the stability is harder domination and so on. Fame scanning is the action that utilizes the ultra-audible sound to focus the laser, that causes the light beam happen yawing to achieve scanning, it is controlled easily, the scanning speed quickly, the architecture is simply, yet the defect is that the light beam sweep angle is little. Now, with the development of the high speed tiny generator, Particularly, the permanent magnetism direct current generator without brush, causing electrical machinery operating speed and stability wholly o
btain the very great raise, simultaneous with subdivided drive technique in the wake of the stepper motor develops further and improving, causes that stepper motor step angle is tiny and uniform, and runs more smooth and steadily. It is the dependable technique guarantee of laser television scanning system at a
high speed.
My research item - the laser scanning system at a high speed utilizes permanent magnetism direct current generator without brush and the stepper motor to drive reflector achieving television video scanning. Permanent magnetism direct current generator without brush drives the reflector with ten surfaces to line scanning, and the stepper motor drives single reflector to achieve television video field scanning. It is tall in the scanning speed, and the scanning speed is shifted, and ruing smooth and steadily, the high accuracy and so on, it can extensively use in the machining, the multi-medium enjoying, arena ornament and so on, it has the wide marketplace
foreground.
Firstly, the thesis is begun with the analysis of the TV signal, on the base of the television video signal compendium, designing the laser television scanning system at a high speed composition and scheme, designing the visual angle of the line scanning and field scanning, and the step angle of the stepper motor. On the base, with the demand of the TV video signal, designing the speed of the motor and revolving reflector figure. In the laser television line scanning system, by means of the machine property of the direct current generator, and the
demand of the laser television line scanning, choosing the rapid scheme of permanent magnetism the direct current without brush and on this base designing the firm velocity electric circuit. In the field scanning system, by the running property and the mode of energize of the stepper motor, and the demand of the laser television field scanning, researching the subdivided drive of the stepper motor, and optimizes the subdivided drive scheme, and obtain the pole current formula of the uniform subdivided drive in the stepper motor. On this base, introducing the stepper motor subdivided drive circuit simply.
在激光电视中，对激光扫描系统的稳定性和精确性的要求是激光电视能否实现的一个关键技术环节。激光扫描系统的研制方向大致有两个：一是光机扫描；二是声光扫描。光机扫描是用机械装置带动其反射系统旋转以实现激光光束的扫描，其原理简单，扫描范围大，但机械系统存在机构精度差、稳定性较难控制等问题。声光扫描是利用超声波对光的作用，使光束发生偏转来实现扫描的，具有控制容易、扫描速度快、系统结构简单等特点，其主要缺点是光束扫描角小。目前随着高速微特电机的发展，特别是永磁无刷直流电机的发展，使电机的运行速度和稳定性都得到了很大的提高，同时随着步进电机的细分驱动技术的进一步发展和完善，使步进电机的步距角更加细小和均匀，运行更平稳。这对激光电视高速扫描系统的实现提供了可靠的技术保障。
我所研究项目——激光高速扫描系统就是利用了永磁无刷直流电机和步进电机驱动反射镜实现电视图像的扫描。永磁无刷直流电机驱动等10面体旋转反射镜实现电视图像的行扫描，步进电机驱动单面反射镜实现电视图像的场扫描。它具有扫描速度高、扫描速度可调、运行平稳、精度高等特点，可广泛应用到机械加工、多媒体欣赏、舞台装饰等多项领域，具有广阔的市场前景。
本文从电视信号的分析入手，在简述电视图像信号的基础上，对激光电视高速扫描系统的结构和方案进行了设计，从中确定了行扫描视角和场扫描视角的大小和步进电机的步距角。在此基础上，结合电视图像信号的要求，进一步确定了旋转反射镜的面数和电机的转速。在激光电视行扫描系统中，通过对直流电机机械特性的分析，结合激光电视行扫描的要求，选择了永磁无刷直流电机的调速方案，并在此基础上设计了调速稳速电路。在场扫描系统中，通过对步进电机的运行特性和通电方式的分析，结合激光电视场扫描的要求，对步进电机步距角进行了细分驱动的研究，并优化了细分驱动方案，求得步进电机恒力矩均匀细分驱动的相电流数学公式。在此基础上对步进电机细分驱动电路作了简单的介绍。
Since the learned man of the former Soviet Union academy of sciences physics had researched the institute of laser television to the success, it is difficult to practicability because the laser sweep unit accuracy demand and the laser instrument luminous efficacy and the great limit of electricity work loss. Going into the 90's, with the technique development of the microelectronics and super precision work technique and solid body laser technique, laser television achieves into for the sake of the probability.
In the laser television, it is very important for the achievement of the laser television to the laser scanning system stability and the exact quality. The laser scanning system development orientation approbatory possesses two: one is light engine scanning the other is fame scanning. Light engine scanning is in the way of spurring reflects to circle with the machine unit. The rule is easy, sweep range greatly, yet the problem is that the machine system is the bad accuracy and the stability is harder domination and so on. Fame scanning is the action that utilizes the ultra-audible sound to focus the laser, that causes the light beam happen yawing to achieve scanning, it is controlled easily, the scanning speed quickly, the architecture is simply, yet the defect is that the light beam sweep angle is little. Now, with the development of the high speed tiny generator, Particularly, the permanent magnetism direct current generator without brush, causing electrical machinery operating speed and stability wholly o
btain the very great raise, simultaneous with subdivided drive technique in the wake of the stepper motor develops further and improving, causes that stepper motor step angle is tiny and uniform, and runs more smooth and steadily. It is the dependable technique guarantee of laser television scanning system at a
high speed.
My research item - the laser scanning system at a high speed utilizes permanent magnetism direct current generator without brush and the stepper motor to drive reflector achieving television video scanning. Permanent magnetism direct current generator without brush drives the reflector with ten surfaces to line scanning, and the stepper motor drives single reflector to achieve television video field scanning. It is tall in the scanning speed, and the scanning speed is shifted, and ruing smooth and steadily, the high accuracy and so on, it can extensively use in the machining, the multi-medium enjoying, arena ornament and so on, it has the wide marketplace
foreground.
Firstly, the thesis is begun with the analysis of the TV signal, on the base of the television video signal compendium, designing the laser television scanning system at a high speed composition and scheme, designing the visual angle of the line scanning and field scanning, and the step angle of the stepper motor. On the base, with the demand of the TV video signal, designing the speed of the motor and revolving reflector figure. In the laser television line scanning system, by means of the machine property of the direct current generator, and the
demand of the laser television line scanning, choosing the rapid scheme of permanent magnetism the direct current without brush and on this base designing the firm velocity electric circuit. In the field scanning system, by the running property and the mode of energize of the stepper motor, and the demand of the laser television field scanning, researching the subdivided drive of the stepper motor, and optimizes the subdivided drive scheme, and obtain the pole current formula of the uniform subdivided drive in the stepper motor. On this base, introducing the stepper motor subdivided drive circuit simply.
引文
【1】 高上品．激光加工的现状．机电一体化，1998，(11)：23～27
【2】 俞斯乐，郭福云．电视原理．北京：国防工业出版社，1988，42～205
【3】 Feng. Yung, liu. Yixin. Analysis of digitizing errors of a laser scanning system. Precision Engineering, 2001, 25 (3): 127～132
【4】 Shadrin, P.M. Huebener, R.P. Comparative study of electron and laser beam scanning for local electrical characterization of high-T//c thin films and junctions. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 1996, 18 (3): 23～28
【5】 Sami, M.Yilbas, B.S. Three-dimensional electron-kinetic theory approach for laser heating: Moving heat source consideration. Physica, 1994, 23 (5): 61～65
【6】 WADW.N, Kitayama. K. A 10Gb/s optical code division multiplexing using 8-chip optical bipolar code and coherent detection. Lightwave Technol, 1999, 17 (10): 1758～1765
【7】 MARHIC, M.E. Coherent optical CDAM network. Lightwave Technol, 1993, 11 (5/6): 854～863
【8】 GEIGER.H, FU.A, Demonstration of a simple CDMA transmitter and receive using sampled fiber gratings. Tech. Proc. ECOC, 1998, 1: 337～338
【9】 林波，李兴根．混合式步进电机SPWM微步驱动技术的研究．微电机，2000，30(3)：45～49
【10】 Lee. Kwan. H, Park. Hyun-Pung. Automated inspection planning of free-form shape parts by laser scanning. Robitics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2000, 16 (4): 159～165
【11】 徐杜，蒋永平，等．全数字式步进电机连续细分方法与实现．微特电机，1997，15(2)：12～15
【12】 陈静，李清泉，李必军．激光扫描测量系统的应用研究．测绘工程，2001，10(1)：30～34
【13】 Kamioka. H, Honjo. T.A three-dimensional distribution of osteocyte processes revealed by the combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy and the differential interference contrast microscopy. Bone, 2001, 28 (2): 146～152
【14】 张忠萍，杨福民．卫星激光测距的新进展．天文学进展，2001，19(2)：32～37
【15】 肖本贤，陈荣宝，李斌，等．步进电机微步驱动技术研究．自动化与仪表，1997，12(5)：19～21
【16】 Bond, Linda M. Tumquest, Karen. Using laser surface scanning and bare wafer review to diagnose photolithography track developer process induced defect issues. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1999, 34 (11): 73～77
【17】 Landi, Sandra M. Martinez, Oscar E.Avoiding photothermal noise in laser assisted scanning tunneling microscopy. Ultramicroscopy, 1998, 20 (3-4): 45～52
【18】 Ngoi.B.K.A, Tan.B.Two-axis-scanning laser Doppler vibrometer for microstructure. Optics Communications, 2000, 182 (1-3): 325～331
【19】 马西庚，周巧娣．步进电机细分控制量的优化．石油大学学报，1998，22(6)：21～25
【20】 张瑞明．线性步进电机超精控制方法研究．航空精密制造技术，1997，33(2)：31～36
【21】 智爱娟．步距角细分的微机控制法．洛阳大学学报，1999，14(2)：15～17
【22】 Fano, V. Ma, W.Y. Study of dental materials by laser beam scanning. Biomaterials, 2001, 24(15): 31～38
【23】 王富东．进电机的动态升降速控制．苏州丝绸工业学院院报，1998，18(5)：16～18
【24】 鞠静，熊健．步进电机在红外系统扫描机构中的应用．光电工程，1997，24(2)：87～91
【25】 M. R. Phillips, Optical fiber nonlinearities in 1550 nm analog transmission system. ECOC, 1999,34 (13): 54～60
【26】 郑灼，李兴根．单片机控制的步进电机升降频规律及实现．微电机，1999，32(4)：56～59
【27】 冯志华，李胜利．步进电机的导引控制及一种高速导引电路．微特电机，1997，(2)：19～22
【28】 叶树林．步进电机均匀细分控制的研究．微特电机，1998，(1)：14～16
【29】 Golnabi.h. Design and operation of a laser scanning system. Optics and Laser Technology, 2000, 32 (4): 73～79
【30】 Rossi.G.L, Santolini.C. The application of a laser scanning vibrometer for dynamic characterization of large impellers. Measurement. Volume, 1998, 24 (1): 67～73
【31】 Bernard, Alain. Michel.Analysis and Validation of 3D Laser Sensor Scanning Process. CIRP annals, 1999, 25 (9): 213～217
【32】 杨晖东，丁瑞欣．激光Z扫描测量技术．激光技术，2000，24(4)：34～37
【33】 徐逢亮，李树楷．机载激光影象制图系统中的三维定位技术．测绘学报，2000，29(5)：12～15
【34】 Baltsavias. E.P. Airborne laser scanning: exiting system and firms and others resources. ISPRS Jourmal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 1999, 54 (2-3): 376～381
【35】 Osugi. Keiji, Miyachi. Kunihiro. Development of scanning laser radar for ACC system. JSAE Review, 1999, 20 (4): 67～71
【36】 Menuier. Pierre, Tack. David. Helmet accomodation analysis using 3D laser scanning. Applied Ergonomics, 2000, 31 (4): 25～30
【37】 虞孝舜．双振镜扫描几何畸变的校正．激光与红外，1998，28(1)：45～47
【38】 杨少辰．对构成闭环振镜式光学扫描系统的研究．激光与红外，1997，(5)：294～300
【39】 M.Jaworski, M.Marciniak. Analysis of very long distance analog CATV link with distortions self-compensation due to fiber dispersion and nonlinearity. ICTON, 1999, 142 (30): 45～50
【40】 WADA.N, Kitayama. K. Demonstration of reconfigurable all-optical code conversin for photonic code-division multiplexing and networking. Electron Lett, 2000, 36 (5): 445～447
【2】 俞斯乐，郭福云．电视原理．北京：国防工业出版社，1988，42～205
【3】 Feng. Yung, liu. Yixin. Analysis of digitizing errors of a laser scanning system. Precision Engineering, 2001, 25 (3): 127～132
【4】 Shadrin, P.M. Huebener, R.P. Comparative study of electron and laser beam scanning for local electrical characterization of high-T//c thin films and junctions. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 1996, 18 (3): 23～28
【5】 Sami, M.Yilbas, B.S. Three-dimensional electron-kinetic theory approach for laser heating: Moving heat source consideration. Physica, 1994, 23 (5): 61～65
【6】 WADW.N, Kitayama. K. A 10Gb/s optical code division multiplexing using 8-chip optical bipolar code and coherent detection. Lightwave Technol, 1999, 17 (10): 1758～1765
【7】 MARHIC, M.E. Coherent optical CDAM network. Lightwave Technol, 1993, 11 (5/6): 854～863
【8】 GEIGER.H, FU.A, Demonstration of a simple CDMA transmitter and receive using sampled fiber gratings. Tech. Proc. ECOC, 1998, 1: 337～338
【9】 林波，李兴根．混合式步进电机SPWM微步驱动技术的研究．微电机，2000，30(3)：45～49
【10】 Lee. Kwan. H, Park. Hyun-Pung. Automated inspection planning of free-form shape parts by laser scanning. Robitics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2000, 16 (4): 159～165
【11】 徐杜，蒋永平，等．全数字式步进电机连续细分方法与实现．微特电机，1997，15(2)：12～15
【12】 陈静，李清泉，李必军．激光扫描测量系统的应用研究．测绘工程，2001，10(1)：30～34
【13】 Kamioka. H, Honjo. T.A three-dimensional distribution of osteocyte processes revealed by the combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy and the differential interference contrast microscopy. Bone, 2001, 28 (2): 146～152
【14】 张忠萍，杨福民．卫星激光测距的新进展．天文学进展，2001，19(2)：32～37
【15】 肖本贤，陈荣宝，李斌，等．步进电机微步驱动技术研究．自动化与仪表，1997，12(5)：19～21
【16】 Bond, Linda M. Tumquest, Karen. Using laser surface scanning and bare wafer review to diagnose photolithography track developer process induced defect issues. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1999, 34 (11): 73～77
【17】 Landi, Sandra M. Martinez, Oscar E.Avoiding photothermal noise in laser assisted scanning tunneling microscopy. Ultramicroscopy, 1998, 20 (3-4): 45～52
【18】 Ngoi.B.K.A, Tan.B.Two-axis-scanning laser Doppler vibrometer for microstructure. Optics Communications, 2000, 182 (1-3): 325～331
【19】 马西庚，周巧娣．步进电机细分控制量的优化．石油大学学报，1998，22(6)：21～25
【20】 张瑞明．线性步进电机超精控制方法研究．航空精密制造技术，1997，33(2)：31～36
【21】 智爱娟．步距角细分的微机控制法．洛阳大学学报，1999，14(2)：15～17
【22】 Fano, V. Ma, W.Y. Study of dental materials by laser beam scanning. Biomaterials, 2001, 24(15): 31～38
【23】 王富东．进电机的动态升降速控制．苏州丝绸工业学院院报，1998，18(5)：16～18
【24】 鞠静，熊健．步进电机在红外系统扫描机构中的应用．光电工程，1997，24(2)：87～91
【25】 M. R. Phillips, Optical fiber nonlinearities in 1550 nm analog transmission system. ECOC, 1999,34 (13): 54～60
【26】 郑灼，李兴根．单片机控制的步进电机升降频规律及实现．微电机，1999，32(4)：56～59
【27】 冯志华，李胜利．步进电机的导引控制及一种高速导引电路．微特电机，1997，(2)：19～22
【28】 叶树林．步进电机均匀细分控制的研究．微特电机，1998，(1)：14～16
【29】 Golnabi.h. Design and operation of a laser scanning system. Optics and Laser Technology, 2000, 32 (4): 73～79
【30】 Rossi.G.L, Santolini.C. The application of a laser scanning vibrometer for dynamic characterization of large impellers. Measurement. Volume, 1998, 24 (1): 67～73
【31】 Bernard, Alain. Michel.Analysis and Validation of 3D Laser Sensor Scanning Process. CIRP annals, 1999, 25 (9): 213～217
【32】 杨晖东，丁瑞欣．激光Z扫描测量技术．激光技术，2000，24(4)：34～37
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