地面超高移动性下快速切换机制研究
摘要
高速铁路运输以其能源消耗低、环境污染小、运输能力大和安全快捷舒适等特点在交通运输领域一直占据着不可替代的重要地位。大规模的高速铁路建设和投入运营,在给人们的生活带来快速便捷的同时,也对高速铁路信息化服务提出了更高的需求。与此同时,高速列车速度的提升也对车地通信带来了新的挑战：由于高速列车的快速移动,多普勒频偏和移动性管理(特别是快速切换控制)是两大最主要难题,由高速带来的无线信道快速变化及频繁切换,对移动通信接入技术提出了更高的要求。因此,针对高铁通信网络的覆盖特点,和下一代宽带无线通信技术LTE技术高数据速率、低延时、多天线及协作等特点,设计能够适应300km/h及以上超高速移动性场景的快速切换机制,具有较大的理论意义和现实意义。
本文主要针对高速铁路场景下的切换问题提出了两种优化方案,并对其进行了仿真分析,主要的研究内容和贡献如下：
首先,本文对目前针对高速铁路场景的接入技术及主要解决方案进行了分析总结,并针对铁路移动通信网络向LTE演进的趋势,对基于LTE的高速车地无线通信系统所面临的主要问题进行了分析并介绍了现有解决方法。同时,对LTE的系统架构和切换机制进行了分析介绍,详细分析了LTE的切换流程。
其次,针对目前高速车地间切换失败率较高的问题,本文提出了一种基于基站协同的无缝切换方案。基站协同技术是LTE及其演进技术的主要发展趋势之一,LTE扁平化的网络架构也使得基站间协同更为便利。本文提出了一种干扰避免的铁路场景LTE同频组网方式,在此基础上,利用CoMP联合处理技术使得相邻基站之间通过X2接口实现协同传输,共同为驶经重叠区的列车进行通信服务,来自相邻多个基站的信号在列车车载台处进行分集合并,可以在提升切换成功率和降低中断率的同时获得功率增益和分集增益。
最后,本文通过从高层协议入手,提出一种基于传输层SCTP协议的无缝切换方案。SCTP协议的多宿主性和动态地址重配置特性能够很好地提供端到端之间的可靠性传输服务,实现多路径传输,保障传输的可靠性。同时,方案中通过车载双天线的引入,充分地利用了高速列车车体较长的特点,变相地扩大了重叠区,增加了列车在重叠区的驻留时间,保障了切换的顺利完成。
Due to the lower energy consumption, less environmental pollution, larger transmission capacity and higher safety, high-speed railway has been playing an important role in mass transportation. The development of high-speed railway makes people's lives more and more convenient; meanwhile, it puts forward much higher requirements on high-speed railway communication services. Moreover, new challenges of train-to-ground communication have emerged caused by high mobility: Doppler frequency shift and mobility management (especially the fast handover control) are two of the most important problems. Rapid changing of radio channel and over-frequent handovers make mobile communication access much more difficult. Therefore, it has practical significance to desigh fast handover mechanisms which have high speed adaptivity.
In order to provide reliable communication service in high-speed train, two optimized handover schemes are introduced and analyzed in this thesis. The author's main research work and contributions are shown as follows:
Firstly, the main train-ground communication solutions are summarized in this thesis. As LTE having been chosen as the next generation's evolution of railway communication system, challenges of railway communication system based on LTE are analyzed. Moreover, the architecture and handover mechanism of LTE system are introduced.
Secondly, in order to improve handover success probability under high-speed scenario, a seamless handover scheme based on base station collaboration is putforward in this thesis. A co-channel LTE network approach for railway is proposed, then, the optimized scheme is designed, which enables the two adjacent base stations to serve the high-speed train by Co MP cooperative transmit technology. The comparisons of handover outage probability and handover success probability between LTE traditional handover mechanism and the proposed one show that the latter scheme has better performance.
Finally, the author attempts to achieve reliable train-ground communicaiton by higher layer protocol. A seamless handover scheme which takes advantage of muti-homing and dynamic address reconfiguration features in SCTP. Meanwhile, on-vehicle dual-anntena approach has been introduced in the optimized scheme to enlarge the overlapping area. The proposed scheme achieves multi-path transmission by SCTP which improves the reliability of train-ground communication.
本文主要针对高速铁路场景下的切换问题提出了两种优化方案,并对其进行了仿真分析,主要的研究内容和贡献如下：
首先,本文对目前针对高速铁路场景的接入技术及主要解决方案进行了分析总结,并针对铁路移动通信网络向LTE演进的趋势,对基于LTE的高速车地无线通信系统所面临的主要问题进行了分析并介绍了现有解决方法。同时,对LTE的系统架构和切换机制进行了分析介绍,详细分析了LTE的切换流程。
其次,针对目前高速车地间切换失败率较高的问题,本文提出了一种基于基站协同的无缝切换方案。基站协同技术是LTE及其演进技术的主要发展趋势之一,LTE扁平化的网络架构也使得基站间协同更为便利。本文提出了一种干扰避免的铁路场景LTE同频组网方式,在此基础上,利用CoMP联合处理技术使得相邻基站之间通过X2接口实现协同传输,共同为驶经重叠区的列车进行通信服务,来自相邻多个基站的信号在列车车载台处进行分集合并,可以在提升切换成功率和降低中断率的同时获得功率增益和分集增益。
最后,本文通过从高层协议入手,提出一种基于传输层SCTP协议的无缝切换方案。SCTP协议的多宿主性和动态地址重配置特性能够很好地提供端到端之间的可靠性传输服务,实现多路径传输,保障传输的可靠性。同时,方案中通过车载双天线的引入,充分地利用了高速列车车体较长的特点,变相地扩大了重叠区,增加了列车在重叠区的驻留时间,保障了切换的顺利完成。
Due to the lower energy consumption, less environmental pollution, larger transmission capacity and higher safety, high-speed railway has been playing an important role in mass transportation. The development of high-speed railway makes people's lives more and more convenient; meanwhile, it puts forward much higher requirements on high-speed railway communication services. Moreover, new challenges of train-to-ground communication have emerged caused by high mobility: Doppler frequency shift and mobility management (especially the fast handover control) are two of the most important problems. Rapid changing of radio channel and over-frequent handovers make mobile communication access much more difficult. Therefore, it has practical significance to desigh fast handover mechanisms which have high speed adaptivity.
In order to provide reliable communication service in high-speed train, two optimized handover schemes are introduced and analyzed in this thesis. The author's main research work and contributions are shown as follows:
Firstly, the main train-ground communication solutions are summarized in this thesis. As LTE having been chosen as the next generation's evolution of railway communication system, challenges of railway communication system based on LTE are analyzed. Moreover, the architecture and handover mechanism of LTE system are introduced.
Secondly, in order to improve handover success probability under high-speed scenario, a seamless handover scheme based on base station collaboration is putforward in this thesis. A co-channel LTE network approach for railway is proposed, then, the optimized scheme is designed, which enables the two adjacent base stations to serve the high-speed train by Co MP cooperative transmit technology. The comparisons of handover outage probability and handover success probability between LTE traditional handover mechanism and the proposed one show that the latter scheme has better performance.
Finally, the author attempts to achieve reliable train-ground communicaiton by higher layer protocol. A seamless handover scheme which takes advantage of muti-homing and dynamic address reconfiguration features in SCTP. Meanwhile, on-vehicle dual-anntena approach has been introduced in the optimized scheme to enlarge the overlapping area. The proposed scheme achieves multi-path transmission by SCTP which improves the reliability of train-ground communication.
引文
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[31]徐晓东,陈鑫,李静雅,“协作多点通信系统中的切换机制”.中兴通讯技术.2010.01.
[32]Linghui Lu, Xuming Fang, Meng Cheng, Chongzhe Yang, Wantuan Luo, Cheng Di. "Positioning and Relay Assisted Robust Handover Scheme for High Speed Railway", IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2011-Spring. May.2011. pp 1-5.
[33]Chongzhe Yang, Linghui Lu, Cheng Di, Xuming Fang, "An On-vehicle Dual-antenna Handover Scheme for High-Speed Railway Distributed Antenna System", Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing Conference,2010. WiCOM 2010. Sept.2010. pp 1-5.
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[2]钟章队,李旭,蒋文怡等,铁路综合数字移动通信系统[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2003：159～172.
[3]宁滨,中国铁路综合数字移动通信网络与GSM-R的应用[J].中国铁路,2003(3)：39.
[4]曾少华,LTE基础原理与关键技术.西安电子科技大学出版社,2010：12～15.
[5][IEC61375] Electric Railway Equipment-Train Bus-Part 1:Train Communication Network, IEC Std 61375,1999.
[6][IEEE1473] IEEE Standard for Communications Protocol Aboard Trains, IEEE Std 1473,1999.
[7]苏立行,方旭明,“高速列车无线接入技术的现状与发展”,中国铁路,2009.10.
[8]B.Ning, "Advanced Train Control Systems", WIT Press, Jun.2010, P29-33.
[9]J. Thornton, "Tracking Multi-Beam Lens Antenna—the Gain of a Dish in Half the Height," To be presented at the IET Seminar on Broadband on Trains, London, UK, Apr 2009.
[10]邹复民,旅客列车宽带Internet应用的若干关键技术研究,中南大学博士论文,2009.
[11]Y. F. Ko, M. L. Sim, and M. Nekovee, "Wi-Fi based broadband wireless access for users on the road [J]". BT Technology Journal, July 2006.
[12]Imaizumi Y, Harada S, Nagase F, et al. "Network performance evaluations for Ku band mobile satellite communications system based on Shinkansen railroad's propagation conditions", IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2005-Fall), Sept.2005, pp. 890-894.
[13]Yamada,K.,Sakai,Y.,Suzuki,T.,et al. "A communication System with a Fast Handover under a High Speed Mobile Enviroment", IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2010 Fall, Sept.2010, pp.1-5.
[14]UIC, "E-Train-Broadband Communication with moving trains Technical Report-Technology state of the art", June 2010.
[15]G. I. Ohta, F. Kamada, N. Teramura, et al., "5 GHz W-LAN verification for public mobile applications—Internet newspaper on train and advanced ambulance car [C]," 1st IEEE Consumer Commu-nications and Networking Conference, pp.569-574,2004.
[16]Bart Jooris, Piet Verhoeve, Frederik Vermeulen, et al.,"Mobile communication & service continuity in a train scenario",12th Annual Symposium of the IEEE/CVT, Nov.3,2005,
[17]THALYS, Nokia Siemens Networks. "Thalys high speed train passengers enjoy broadband Internet access", http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/sites/default/files/.
[18]X. H. Jiang, F. M. Zou, Z. X. Lin, and T. S. Wang, "A Survey on the Internet Application on Passenger Train [J]," Journal of the China Railway Society,2007, Vol.29, No.5, pp. 103-110.
[19]G. Jeney et al., "Communications Challenges in the Celtic-BOSS Project," in 7th Int'l Conf. Next Generation Teletraffic and Wired/Wireless Advanced Networking, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Y. Koucheryavy et al., Eds., vol.4712. Springer, 2007, pp.431-42.
[20]S. Savary and A. De Cort, "WiFi services in fast speed trains:The thalys user experience ", Train Communications 2008, London, England, June 2008.
[21]Chow, B.; Ming-Li Yee; Sauer, M.; Ng'Oma, A.; Ming-Chien Tseng; Chien-Hung Yeh, "Radio-over-Fiber Distributed Antenna System for WiMAX Bullet Train Field Trial", IEEE Mobile WiMAX Symposium, (MWS'09). July 2009, P98-101.
[22]Broadband Internet Access over THSR, ITRI, http://www.itri.org.tw/eng/ec ontent/research/research 0202. aspx?sid=2.
[23]F. Ceprani and V. Schena, "FIFTH Project Solutions Demonstrating New Satellite Broadband Communication System for High Speed Train," 2004 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Spring, vol.5, Milan, Italy, May 2004, pp.2831-2835.
[24]Andreas Roos, Nico Bayer, Dmitry Sivchenko,Peyman Behbahanni, Michael Flegl, Sabine Wieland, et al., "Broadband Wireless Internet Access in Public Transportation", VDE-Kongress 2006-Inovations for Europe,2006.10, pp.1-6.
[25]朱延武、常德远,高速铁路宽带无线接入的几种技术方案分析,铁道通信信号,2008.03.
[26]陈霞,姚冬苹,基于OFDM的铁路移动通信系统及越区切换方法,铁路通信信号,2008,44(9),pp.30-34.
[27]Tun-Chou Chen, Jr-Hu Chiou, Shyue-Win Wei, Tsui-Tsai Lin, "A Handover Algorithm for Broadbad Wireless Access System on Railway",2010 2nd International Conference on Mechanical and Electronics Engineering, ICMEE 2010. Aug.2010.pp V1-98-V1-102.
[28]蒋占军,赵新胜,尤肖虎,一种分布式无线移动通信系统中远端天线但愿动态选择模型,电子与信息学报,2007.02.
[29]S. Jeon, S. Lee, "A Relay-Assisted Handover Technique with Network Coding over Multihop Cellular Networks", IEEE Comm. Letters, March 2007,11(3), pp.252-254.
[30]Lianhai Shan, Fuqiang Liu, et al.,"Predictive Group Handover Scheme with Channel Borrowing for Mobile Relay System", International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference,2008.IWCMC'08..6-8 Aug.2008, PP 153-158.
[31]徐晓东,陈鑫,李静雅,“协作多点通信系统中的切换机制”.中兴通讯技术.2010.01.
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