深圳福田河流域降雨初期径流截流研究
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摘要
随着点源污染逐步得到控制,降雨径流污染在城市水环境恶化中所占的比重日益升高。截流、处理初期径流是目前我国城市径流污染控制的重要手段。
按截流倍数经验值计算小片区分流制截流系统的规模可能导致规模偏小的问题。实则n0是针对合流制系统而言,对分流制小片区径流截流规模的确定不适用。
为研究深圳分流排水体制小片区初期径流截流的参数,对深圳市福田河流域选定研究区的雨水排河总口17场降雨COD、SS、BOD、TN、TP五项指标及现场实时流量进行了跟踪监测。
径流中污染物浓度与降雨历时的关系以及运用无量纲累积曲线、MFFn曲线、b参数三种方法对初始冲刷的分析结果为:
初期径流污染物浓度较高,后期浓度下降渐趋平缓。污染指标前期平均浓度为后期的1.8倍以上。
在研究区的土地利用类型下,径流中COD、SS、BOD、TN四项指标多数情况下存在初期效应现象,TP初期冲刷效应不明显。17场降雨径流的COD、SS、BOD、TN、TP指标出现初期冲刷效应频率分别为86%、59%、80%、52%、42%。
初始冲刷现象存在的事实说明了实施初期径流截流此种做法是可行的。通过分析研究区降雨径流体积截留率与各污染指标质量截留率、降雨历时、降雨量之间的关系,确定合理的径流截留率,得出以下结论:
(1)MFFn曲线分析表明:径流截流率小于0.3-0.4时,增大截流率对污染物的去除有显著效果。径流截流率大于0.4时,增加截流率对于改善河道的水质不灵敏.
(2)通过对降雨无量纲曲线拟合,结果表明:占径流总量30%-40%的初期径流携带了分别占总污染负荷47.6%-60.2%、49.3%-61.7%、41.8%-53.5%的COD、SS、BOD污染负荷。径流体积截流率取前30%-40%为宜
(3)为达到30%-40%的径流截流率,研究区初期径流截流时间可取降雨的前35-45分钟(根据降雨资料统计所得)。研究区一定降雨历时1年重现期下雨量时程分配(5分钟步长)前35-45分钟累计雨量、最大雨强即为初期径流截流总量、最大截流流量。
As point source pollution was controlled step by step, the proportion of rainfall-runoff pollution in the deterioration of urban water environment is increasing.Interception and treatment are the main means of controlling the pollution caused by urban rainfall-runoff。The scale of system which based on the proposed experience value(Shenzhen Planning Bureau) of n0 is insufficient to achieve effective effect on the interception of the initial runoff of small-scale patches under separate system area,and its value is too small. In fact, n0 is suitable for Combined system.we can not get a reasonable scale of small-scale patches under separate system.
Rainfall-runoff from the stormwater outfalls of a small area in Futian watershed of Shenzhen was studied for one year . COD, SS, BOD, TN, TP and Dynamic Flow of 17 rainfall was Monitored to determine the intercrption parameters of rainfall runoff.
The relationship between Pollutant concentration and the rainfall duration and the first flush effect were analyzed. Three methods were used to identify the the first flush effect.The The results are as follows. The concentration of pollutants in initial runoff is high in most cases. However, its latter concentration decreases and tends to smooth.The-average pollution concentration in the former rainfall-runoff is more than 1.8 times of the latter.
In most cases, COD、SS、BOD、TN exist first flush effect in the initial rainfall-runoff of study area. The first flush effect of TP is not obvious .The frequencies of COD, SS, BOD, TN, TP existening first flush effect is 86%、59%、80%、52%、42%.
The fact of existence of the first flush effect illustrates that such an approach of intercepting the initial rainfall-runoff is feasible.By analyzing the relations among interception ratio of runoff volume and the quality of each pollutant and rainfall runoff and rainfall duration , We can determine the reasonable interception rate of Runoff volume.From the study we can draw the following conclusions:
(1)The analysis of MFFn curve shows,the effect of Increasing interception rate is Significant on the removal of pollutants when the interception ratio is less than 0.3-0.4. Increasing interception rate is insensitive for improving the water quality of rivers.
(2) non-dimensional fitting curve of Rainfall-runoff shows : The fractions of pollution load transported by the first 30%-40% of runoff volume were 49.3% -61.7% for SS, 47.6% -60.2% for COD, 41.8% -53.5 for BOD, respectively. The interception rate of previous 30%-40% runoff volume is appropriate .
(3) In order to achieve 30%-40% interception rate, the interception time of the initial rainfall can be set to former 30-40 minutes .Themaximum design flow rate and storage capacity of interception facilities can be obtained from calculating the time distribution (5 minutes Step length, Specific rainfall duration and return period )of rainfall based on the interception time(35-45minutes).
按截流倍数经验值计算小片区分流制截流系统的规模可能导致规模偏小的问题。实则n0是针对合流制系统而言,对分流制小片区径流截流规模的确定不适用。
为研究深圳分流排水体制小片区初期径流截流的参数,对深圳市福田河流域选定研究区的雨水排河总口17场降雨COD、SS、BOD、TN、TP五项指标及现场实时流量进行了跟踪监测。
径流中污染物浓度与降雨历时的关系以及运用无量纲累积曲线、MFFn曲线、b参数三种方法对初始冲刷的分析结果为:
初期径流污染物浓度较高,后期浓度下降渐趋平缓。污染指标前期平均浓度为后期的1.8倍以上。
在研究区的土地利用类型下,径流中COD、SS、BOD、TN四项指标多数情况下存在初期效应现象,TP初期冲刷效应不明显。17场降雨径流的COD、SS、BOD、TN、TP指标出现初期冲刷效应频率分别为86%、59%、80%、52%、42%。
初始冲刷现象存在的事实说明了实施初期径流截流此种做法是可行的。通过分析研究区降雨径流体积截留率与各污染指标质量截留率、降雨历时、降雨量之间的关系,确定合理的径流截留率,得出以下结论:
(1)MFFn曲线分析表明:径流截流率小于0.3-0.4时,增大截流率对污染物的去除有显著效果。径流截流率大于0.4时,增加截流率对于改善河道的水质不灵敏.
(2)通过对降雨无量纲曲线拟合,结果表明:占径流总量30%-40%的初期径流携带了分别占总污染负荷47.6%-60.2%、49.3%-61.7%、41.8%-53.5%的COD、SS、BOD污染负荷。径流体积截流率取前30%-40%为宜
(3)为达到30%-40%的径流截流率,研究区初期径流截流时间可取降雨的前35-45分钟(根据降雨资料统计所得)。研究区一定降雨历时1年重现期下雨量时程分配(5分钟步长)前35-45分钟累计雨量、最大雨强即为初期径流截流总量、最大截流流量。
As point source pollution was controlled step by step, the proportion of rainfall-runoff pollution in the deterioration of urban water environment is increasing.Interception and treatment are the main means of controlling the pollution caused by urban rainfall-runoff。The scale of system which based on the proposed experience value(Shenzhen Planning Bureau) of n0 is insufficient to achieve effective effect on the interception of the initial runoff of small-scale patches under separate system area,and its value is too small. In fact, n0 is suitable for Combined system.we can not get a reasonable scale of small-scale patches under separate system.
Rainfall-runoff from the stormwater outfalls of a small area in Futian watershed of Shenzhen was studied for one year . COD, SS, BOD, TN, TP and Dynamic Flow of 17 rainfall was Monitored to determine the intercrption parameters of rainfall runoff.
The relationship between Pollutant concentration and the rainfall duration and the first flush effect were analyzed. Three methods were used to identify the the first flush effect.The The results are as follows. The concentration of pollutants in initial runoff is high in most cases. However, its latter concentration decreases and tends to smooth.The-average pollution concentration in the former rainfall-runoff is more than 1.8 times of the latter.
In most cases, COD、SS、BOD、TN exist first flush effect in the initial rainfall-runoff of study area. The first flush effect of TP is not obvious .The frequencies of COD, SS, BOD, TN, TP existening first flush effect is 86%、59%、80%、52%、42%.
The fact of existence of the first flush effect illustrates that such an approach of intercepting the initial rainfall-runoff is feasible.By analyzing the relations among interception ratio of runoff volume and the quality of each pollutant and rainfall runoff and rainfall duration , We can determine the reasonable interception rate of Runoff volume.From the study we can draw the following conclusions:
(1)The analysis of MFFn curve shows,the effect of Increasing interception rate is Significant on the removal of pollutants when the interception ratio is less than 0.3-0.4. Increasing interception rate is insensitive for improving the water quality of rivers.
(2) non-dimensional fitting curve of Rainfall-runoff shows : The fractions of pollution load transported by the first 30%-40% of runoff volume were 49.3% -61.7% for SS, 47.6% -60.2% for COD, 41.8% -53.5 for BOD, respectively. The interception rate of previous 30%-40% runoff volume is appropriate .
(3) In order to achieve 30%-40% interception rate, the interception time of the initial rainfall can be set to former 30-40 minutes .Themaximum design flow rate and storage capacity of interception facilities can be obtained from calculating the time distribution (5 minutes Step length, Specific rainfall duration and return period )of rainfall based on the interception time(35-45minutes).
引文
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