浅层瞬变电磁信号采集与处理技术研究
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摘要
随着社会经济和城市建设的发展,人们对工程与环境地质问题的关注,需要对近地表进行高分辨率探测与评价。但是由于发射电流的下降沿的畸变和接收线圈的暂态过程,致使瞬变电磁法在浅层地质勘探中存在0-20m的盲区。仪器方面,国内研究单位大多借用了国外技术,关键技术并未能达到领先水平,因此,开发出适合于我国市场需求的浅层瞬变电磁测量系统极为紧迫。
本文立足于国家自然科学基金项目“基于标准场源的浅层瞬变电磁法研究”,分析均匀半空间中瞬变电磁场的传播规律,研究矿体内的感应电流及相对应的二次感应场随时间的变化率与矿体的电导率、尺寸之间的关系。对比分析不同TEM发射波形的频域表达式和频谱及发射波形参数对瞬变电磁响应的影响。
以WTEM-1型发射机的发射电流波形为例,分析瞬变电磁一次感应场与二次感应场的关系。分析接收线圈的暂态过程产生原因,建立相应的等效模型及微分方程和积分方程,提出“变参数线圈接收法”的基本思想,推导相应的参数估计方程,提出了瞬变信号的逼近拟合算法,在matlab中完成仿真分析,并分析“变参数线圈接收法”存在的问题及解决办法。
基于VHS-ADC高速数字信号处理平台,构建瞬变电磁接收原型系统。提高信号的采样率,解决高速数据实时存储的问题,适应浅层高分辨率探测的需求。设计瞬变电磁接收原型系统结构,完成VHS-ADC系统建模、接口设计、仿真及FPGA代码生成,开展与发射机的联合调试。分析接收系统与发射机的接口关系,制定同步控制方案,完成硬件电路设计。分析接收线圈材料对其性能的影响,设计瞬变信号接收线圈。
为测试瞬变电磁原型机系统,进行了室外测量。从区域背景噪声与埋入金属物件时的瞬变电磁响应的对比分析看出,瞬变电磁接收原型系统的工作已经基本正常,具备了瞬变电磁测量的基本功能,该系统的高采样率为高分辨率的浅层反演提供了基础数据。
With the rapid development of economic and city construction, issues of egnineering and environmental geology have attracted great attention recently. The improvement of current TEM method for the area from the surface to 20 meter down is desirable, This is mainly due to the abnormal falling edge of the transmitter current pulse and the transient state of the receiver loop. Most domestic TEM are designed based on foreign technology, key technique has not reached the international leading level. Hence, the development of subsurface TEM measurement that meets domentic demand is very important to the TEM research.
Based on NSFC General Project:"Study on TEM based on standard source", study on electricmagnetic wave transmission in homogeneous half-space , the induced current in orebody and the change rate of second induction field. Comparing and annlysing TEM transimiter waves’frequency-domain expression and frequency spectrum, and the effect of transmitter waves with TEM signal.
Taking WTEM-1 transmitter as an example, the thesis analyse TEM primary field and secondary field, receiver loops’transient state, construct loops’equivalent model, differential equation and integral equation, put forward“variable structure receiver loop method”, derivation element estimating equation and TEM approaching arithmetic. Simulations have been completed to verify that the“variable structure receiver loop method”is feasible. And study this method’s disadvantages and countermeasure.
This thesis has designed a prototype TEM receiving system using a VHS-ADC high-speed signal processing module. For shallow subsurface exploration, system sampling rate is high, so it is need to solve the problem of data real-time storage. The thesis design the system structure, and complete system modeling, interface, simulation and FPGA code generating and debugging with transmitter, And design the synchronous control module based on the relation between receiver and transmitter. A receive loop has been designed and its material’s effection has been discussed.
Experiments have been conducted in a outdoor field, including background measurement and metal object measurement embedded in shallow subsurface. Results verify that the developed prototype is capable of performing the TEM measurement, and can provide data for high resolution shallow subsurface imaging.
本文立足于国家自然科学基金项目“基于标准场源的浅层瞬变电磁法研究”,分析均匀半空间中瞬变电磁场的传播规律,研究矿体内的感应电流及相对应的二次感应场随时间的变化率与矿体的电导率、尺寸之间的关系。对比分析不同TEM发射波形的频域表达式和频谱及发射波形参数对瞬变电磁响应的影响。
以WTEM-1型发射机的发射电流波形为例,分析瞬变电磁一次感应场与二次感应场的关系。分析接收线圈的暂态过程产生原因,建立相应的等效模型及微分方程和积分方程,提出“变参数线圈接收法”的基本思想,推导相应的参数估计方程,提出了瞬变信号的逼近拟合算法,在matlab中完成仿真分析,并分析“变参数线圈接收法”存在的问题及解决办法。
基于VHS-ADC高速数字信号处理平台,构建瞬变电磁接收原型系统。提高信号的采样率,解决高速数据实时存储的问题,适应浅层高分辨率探测的需求。设计瞬变电磁接收原型系统结构,完成VHS-ADC系统建模、接口设计、仿真及FPGA代码生成,开展与发射机的联合调试。分析接收系统与发射机的接口关系,制定同步控制方案,完成硬件电路设计。分析接收线圈材料对其性能的影响,设计瞬变信号接收线圈。
为测试瞬变电磁原型机系统,进行了室外测量。从区域背景噪声与埋入金属物件时的瞬变电磁响应的对比分析看出,瞬变电磁接收原型系统的工作已经基本正常,具备了瞬变电磁测量的基本功能,该系统的高采样率为高分辨率的浅层反演提供了基础数据。
With the rapid development of economic and city construction, issues of egnineering and environmental geology have attracted great attention recently. The improvement of current TEM method for the area from the surface to 20 meter down is desirable, This is mainly due to the abnormal falling edge of the transmitter current pulse and the transient state of the receiver loop. Most domestic TEM are designed based on foreign technology, key technique has not reached the international leading level. Hence, the development of subsurface TEM measurement that meets domentic demand is very important to the TEM research.
Based on NSFC General Project:"Study on TEM based on standard source", study on electricmagnetic wave transmission in homogeneous half-space , the induced current in orebody and the change rate of second induction field. Comparing and annlysing TEM transimiter waves’frequency-domain expression and frequency spectrum, and the effect of transmitter waves with TEM signal.
Taking WTEM-1 transmitter as an example, the thesis analyse TEM primary field and secondary field, receiver loops’transient state, construct loops’equivalent model, differential equation and integral equation, put forward“variable structure receiver loop method”, derivation element estimating equation and TEM approaching arithmetic. Simulations have been completed to verify that the“variable structure receiver loop method”is feasible. And study this method’s disadvantages and countermeasure.
This thesis has designed a prototype TEM receiving system using a VHS-ADC high-speed signal processing module. For shallow subsurface exploration, system sampling rate is high, so it is need to solve the problem of data real-time storage. The thesis design the system structure, and complete system modeling, interface, simulation and FPGA code generating and debugging with transmitter, And design the synchronous control module based on the relation between receiver and transmitter. A receive loop has been designed and its material’s effection has been discussed.
Experiments have been conducted in a outdoor field, including background measurement and metal object measurement embedded in shallow subsurface. Results verify that the developed prototype is capable of performing the TEM measurement, and can provide data for high resolution shallow subsurface imaging.
引文
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[2]张赛珍,王庆乙,罗延钟.中国电法勘探发展概况[J].地球物理学, 1994, 37(A01): 408-424.
[3]齐文秀.地面瞬变电磁法在有色金属矿产勘查中的应用[J].有色金属矿产与勘察, 1995, (5): 1-4.
[4] T. H. Bell, B. J. Barrow, and J. T. Miller. Subsurface discrimination using electromagnetic induction sensors[C]. IEEE Trans. Geo-science and Remote Sensing, 2001.6, 39 : 1286-1293.
[5] S. C. Orange, A. S. Hoversten, M. G, Morrison, H. F. Marine magnetotellurics for petroleum exploration part1: A sea-floor system[J]. Geophysics, 1998, 63 : 816-825.
[6] Christopherson K. R. Applications of magnetotellurics to petroleum exploration in Papua new Guinea: A model for frontier areas[J]. Geophysics, 1991.3, 56: 21-27.
[7]薛云峰,孙晓暾,孙雅芳.瞬变电磁电阻率成像法探测岩体渗漏通道的研究及应用[J].水文地质工程地质[J], 2004, 31(3): 96-98.
[8]豆会平,魏启.脉冲瞬变电磁仪的发展状况及对策[J].石油仪器, 2000, 14(4): 26-28.
[9]曾向林.瞬变电磁法在工程地球物理勘探中的应用[J].西部探矿工程, 2001, (3): 44-45.
[10]敬荣中,鲍光淑,周屹. TEM和纵向四极测深探测管网研究[J].矿产与地质. 2003, (1): 46-50.
[11] J. T. Smith, H. F. Morrison. Estimating equivalent dipole polar for the inductive response of isolated conductive bodies[C]. IEEE Trans. Geo-science and Remote Sensing, 2004.6, 42(6): 1028-1214.
[12]黄力军,陆桂福,刘瑞德.电性源瞬变电磁法在煤田水文地质调查中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报, 2004.4, 1(2): 174-177.
[13]戴定璇,丁进,马昌今,陈道海.瞬变电磁法在工程地质勘查中的应用[J].物探与化探, 1995, 19(5): 385-390.
[14]张保祥,刘春华.瞬变电磁法在地下水勘查中的应用综述[J].地球物理学进展, 2004, 26(2): 129-133.
[15] David. V. Fitterman, Maria. Deszcz.Pan. Geophysical Mapping of Saltwater Intrusion in Everglades Nation Park[Z], U.S. Geological Survey.
[16] Brian Barrett, Graham Heinson, Michael Hatch, Andrew Telfer. River sediment salt-load detection using a water-borne transient electromagnetic system[J], Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2006, 58(01): 29-44.
[17]王庆乙. TEMS-3瞬变电磁测深系统的研制[J].有色金属矿产与勘察, 1996, 5(3): 169-175.
[18] David Allen. A Review of Geophysical Equipment applied to Groundwater and Soil Investigation[R]. ANCID/Sustainable Irrigation Travel Fellowship, 2005.
[19]渠继明,周德存.瞬变电磁测深技术在构造含水体探测中的应用[J].太原科技, 2007, (9): 79-81.
[20]刘金虎.阀控铅酸蓄电池放电特性研究[J].电源世界, 2005, (6): 41-44.
[21]张林.瞬变电磁测深在铝土矿勘查中的应用[J].地质与勘探, 2007, 43(2): 68-71.
[22] Alaeddin A. Aydner, Wen Chochew, Tie Jun Cui, David L. Wright, David V. Smith, Jared D. Abraham. 3-D Imaging of Large Scale Buried Structure by 1-D Inversion of Very Early Time Electromagnetic(VETEM) Data[C]. IEEE Trans. Geo-science and Remote Sensing, 2001, 39(6): 1307-1315.
[23] Tie Jun Cui, Weng Cho Chew, Alaeddin A. Aydiner, D. L. Wright, D. V. Smith. Detection of Buried Targets Using a New Enhanced Very Early Time Electromagnetic (VETEM) Prototype System[C]. IEEE Trans. Geo-science and Remote Sensing, 2001, 39(12): 2702-2712.
[24] C. E. Baum. Low frequency near-field magnetic scattering from highly conducting, but not perfectly conducting bodies[J]. Detection and Identification of Visually Obscured Targets, 1999: 163-217.
[25] J. Torquil Smith, H. Frank Morrison, Alex Becker. Resolution Depths for Some Transmitter-Receiver Configurations[C]. IEEE Trans. Geo-science and Remote Sensing. 2004, 42(6): 1215-1221.
[26] L. R. Pasion and D. W. Oldenburg. Locating And Determining Dimensionality Of Uxo Using Time Domain Electromagnetic Induction[J]. Environ. En, 2001.6, 6(2): 91-102.
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