陇县—宝鸡断裂带发育特征及活动性分析
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摘要
陇县-宝鸡断裂带地处著名的南北地震带中段与北段的交接区、青藏高原块体东北缘、鄂尔多斯西南缘弧形断裂束的最南段,同时是我国大陆东西向和南北向巨型构造带的交接地带,地质结构十分复杂。继汶川地震之后,此断裂带活动性倍受地震地质工作者关注。
本文利用卫星影像解译、野外调查及探槽揭露等,首次对陇县-宝鸡断裂带发育特征及活动性开展了系统调查研究,并取得了如下新认识：
1、断裂带地貌特征：陇县-宝鸡断裂带由桃园-龟川寺断层、固关-虢镇断层、千阳-彪角断层和陇县-岐山-马召断层四条断层组成,整体呈北西走向,其北部狭窄,向东南方向延伸逐渐撒开,抵渭河盆地西部,并止于秦岭北麓附近。地貌上形成一隆二拗的构造格局。
2、初步查清了断裂带内各断层发育特征及活动性特征
①桃园-龟川寺断层：出露长度65km,断层走向310°～340°,倾向NE,倾角45°～80°,断层平面迹线呈略向北东微凸弧形。下盘为前白垩纪变质岩、火山岩和花岗岩,上盘为六盘山群砂砾岩。断层中更新世以来没有活动。
②固关-虢镇断层：出露长度110kmm,断层走向300°～340°,倾向SW,倾角55°～88°,下盘为前白垩系,上盘为六盘山群。断层地表露头丰富,八渡-高庄段断层崖地貌清晰,也有显示左旋走滑的运动特征,如宋家山等地所见,龙尾-虢镇段被第四系地层覆盖呈隐伏状态。断层晚更新世以来没活动。
③千阳-彪角断层：断层走向130°,倾向NE,南段伸入渭河盆地,地表多为第四系松散堆积所覆盖,断层呈隐伏状态。
④陇县-岐山-马召断层：出露长度138km,断层平面迹线呈略向南西微凸弧形,分为新集川-陇县段、陇县-岐山段及岐山-马召段。新集川-陇县段走向290°～320°,倾向NE,倾角45°～85°；陇县-岐山段走向280°～320°,倾向SW,倾角60°～89°；岐山-马召段走向310°～330°,倾向NE。断层平面展布呈右阶斜列形式,断层为晚更新世断层。
3、陇县-宝鸡断裂带构造演化过程为：断裂带形成于古生代,侏罗纪末以前,处强烈挤压状态；早白垩纪,转变为拉伸环境,并形成“一隆二拗”地貌,且断层具有左旋走滑特征；白垩纪中、晚期,断裂带转化为右旋走滑兼逆冲挤压的运动特征,此后,长期抬升；早更新世中晚期,受六盘山东麓断裂左旋走滑挤压,鄂尔多斯块体逆时针旋转,渭河断陷盆地南北向扩展等影响,断裂带又转化为正倾左旋走滑运动特征。
4、断裂带现代构造应力场特征。该断裂带深部处于挤压环境、浅部处于伸展环境。其中,深部以NE向挤压、SSE向拉张的构造应力场特征为主,浅部与此刚好相反。
Longxian-Baoji fault zone is located in the transition area of the middle and the northern section of the famous north-south seismic zone、northeast of the northern Tibetan Plateau margin block、arc of the southwest margin of the Ordos fault the southern section of the beam, is also the transition zone of huge tectonic belt from East-west and north-south, it is very complicated in geological structure. Following the Wenchuan earthquake, This fault seismic activity has been much more attentioned by the geologists.
In this paper, Using the following methods:satellite image interpretation, field surveys and trenching to expose and so on, for the first time on the Longxian-Baoji development characteristics and fault activity carried out systematic research and new knowledge gained as follows:
1、The Geomorphological features of fault zone:Longxian-Baoji fault zone composed by the four faults:the Taoyuan-Guichuan Temple fault, Guguan-Guo town fault, Qianyang-Biao jiao fault and Longxian-Qishan-Ma zhao fault, the overall NW trend of narrowing the north, extending gradually to the cast of the southeast, arrived in the west of Weihe River basin, and ends near the Qinling Mountains. Ryuji landscape to form a bend of the structural framework.
2、The fault characteristics of the faults and activities of the fault development characteristics:
①Taoyuan-Guichuan Temple faults:outcrop length of 65km, the fault to 310～340°, tend to the North East, angle45～80°, the fault plane trace was slightly convex curved north east. Cretaceous metamorphic rocks under the front plate is, volcanic rocks and granite, gravel on the disk is Liupanshan group. Since there are no active faults since the Middle Pleistocene.
②Guguan-Guozhen faults:outcrop length of 110km, the fault to 300～340°, inclination Nancy,angle 55～88°, the lower plate of the former Cretaceous, on the plate for the Liupanshan group. Fault outcrop rich Badu-Gaozhuang fault scarp geomorphology clear village section, but also shows the movement of left-lateral strike-slip features, such as the Song Mountains and other places can see, the Longwei-Guozhen section covered by Quaternary is buried state. No activity since the late Pleistocene.
③Qianyang-Biaojiao fault:fault strikes 130°, inclination NE, stretching from the southern section of the Weihe River basin, the surface mostly covered by Quaternary loose deposits, the fault was concealed state.
④Long xian-Qishan-Mazhao fault:the exposed length of 138km, the fault plane trace was slightly convex arc to the southwest, into a new set of Sichuan-Longxian section, Longxian-Qishan section and Qishan-Mazhao segments. New set of Sichuan-Longxian segment to 290-300°, inclination NE, angle 45～85°; Longxian-Qishan section to 280～320°, inclination SW, angle 55～85°; Qishan-Mazhao segment to 310～330°, inclination NE. Plane distribution of the fault was the right order echelon form, in large DU ditch, Yao field squeezing rock bridge area such as the formation, in wangjiawan, Yanjiawan to form the extension rocks area. Rich fault outcrop, the fault is Late Pleistocene fault.
3、The Fault tectonic evolution:fault zone formed in early Paleozoic, before the late Jurassic, by the strong compression. Early Cretaceous, the formation of a strong left-lateral strike-slip tension environment, the formation of "one Ryuji bend" landscape. Cretaceous, the late performance of right-lateral strike-slip fault zone and the movement of the thrust characteristics of extrusion, after long-term uplift. In the late Pleistocene by Eastern Liupanshan sinistral strike-slip extrusion, Ordos block counterclockwise rotation, to the north and south of Weihe fault basin expansion and other effects,fault zone is characterized by a positive dip slip.
4、Fault construction stress features:The deep fault zone is in the extrusion environment, characterized by NE extensional tectonic stress field; Shallow in the extensional environment, characterized by SSE extensional tectonic stress field. Among them, the main features of deep are tectonic stress field which NE to the extrusion, SSE to the extensional,and this is just the opposite of shallow.
本文利用卫星影像解译、野外调查及探槽揭露等,首次对陇县-宝鸡断裂带发育特征及活动性开展了系统调查研究,并取得了如下新认识：
1、断裂带地貌特征：陇县-宝鸡断裂带由桃园-龟川寺断层、固关-虢镇断层、千阳-彪角断层和陇县-岐山-马召断层四条断层组成,整体呈北西走向,其北部狭窄,向东南方向延伸逐渐撒开,抵渭河盆地西部,并止于秦岭北麓附近。地貌上形成一隆二拗的构造格局。
2、初步查清了断裂带内各断层发育特征及活动性特征
①桃园-龟川寺断层：出露长度65km,断层走向310°～340°,倾向NE,倾角45°～80°,断层平面迹线呈略向北东微凸弧形。下盘为前白垩纪变质岩、火山岩和花岗岩,上盘为六盘山群砂砾岩。断层中更新世以来没有活动。
②固关-虢镇断层：出露长度110kmm,断层走向300°～340°,倾向SW,倾角55°～88°,下盘为前白垩系,上盘为六盘山群。断层地表露头丰富,八渡-高庄段断层崖地貌清晰,也有显示左旋走滑的运动特征,如宋家山等地所见,龙尾-虢镇段被第四系地层覆盖呈隐伏状态。断层晚更新世以来没活动。
③千阳-彪角断层：断层走向130°,倾向NE,南段伸入渭河盆地,地表多为第四系松散堆积所覆盖,断层呈隐伏状态。
④陇县-岐山-马召断层：出露长度138km,断层平面迹线呈略向南西微凸弧形,分为新集川-陇县段、陇县-岐山段及岐山-马召段。新集川-陇县段走向290°～320°,倾向NE,倾角45°～85°；陇县-岐山段走向280°～320°,倾向SW,倾角60°～89°；岐山-马召段走向310°～330°,倾向NE。断层平面展布呈右阶斜列形式,断层为晚更新世断层。
3、陇县-宝鸡断裂带构造演化过程为：断裂带形成于古生代,侏罗纪末以前,处强烈挤压状态；早白垩纪,转变为拉伸环境,并形成“一隆二拗”地貌,且断层具有左旋走滑特征；白垩纪中、晚期,断裂带转化为右旋走滑兼逆冲挤压的运动特征,此后,长期抬升；早更新世中晚期,受六盘山东麓断裂左旋走滑挤压,鄂尔多斯块体逆时针旋转,渭河断陷盆地南北向扩展等影响,断裂带又转化为正倾左旋走滑运动特征。
4、断裂带现代构造应力场特征。该断裂带深部处于挤压环境、浅部处于伸展环境。其中,深部以NE向挤压、SSE向拉张的构造应力场特征为主,浅部与此刚好相反。
Longxian-Baoji fault zone is located in the transition area of the middle and the northern section of the famous north-south seismic zone、northeast of the northern Tibetan Plateau margin block、arc of the southwest margin of the Ordos fault the southern section of the beam, is also the transition zone of huge tectonic belt from East-west and north-south, it is very complicated in geological structure. Following the Wenchuan earthquake, This fault seismic activity has been much more attentioned by the geologists.
In this paper, Using the following methods:satellite image interpretation, field surveys and trenching to expose and so on, for the first time on the Longxian-Baoji development characteristics and fault activity carried out systematic research and new knowledge gained as follows:
1、The Geomorphological features of fault zone:Longxian-Baoji fault zone composed by the four faults:the Taoyuan-Guichuan Temple fault, Guguan-Guo town fault, Qianyang-Biao jiao fault and Longxian-Qishan-Ma zhao fault, the overall NW trend of narrowing the north, extending gradually to the cast of the southeast, arrived in the west of Weihe River basin, and ends near the Qinling Mountains. Ryuji landscape to form a bend of the structural framework.
2、The fault characteristics of the faults and activities of the fault development characteristics:
①Taoyuan-Guichuan Temple faults:outcrop length of 65km, the fault to 310～340°, tend to the North East, angle45～80°, the fault plane trace was slightly convex curved north east. Cretaceous metamorphic rocks under the front plate is, volcanic rocks and granite, gravel on the disk is Liupanshan group. Since there are no active faults since the Middle Pleistocene.
②Guguan-Guozhen faults:outcrop length of 110km, the fault to 300～340°, inclination Nancy,angle 55～88°, the lower plate of the former Cretaceous, on the plate for the Liupanshan group. Fault outcrop rich Badu-Gaozhuang fault scarp geomorphology clear village section, but also shows the movement of left-lateral strike-slip features, such as the Song Mountains and other places can see, the Longwei-Guozhen section covered by Quaternary is buried state. No activity since the late Pleistocene.
③Qianyang-Biaojiao fault:fault strikes 130°, inclination NE, stretching from the southern section of the Weihe River basin, the surface mostly covered by Quaternary loose deposits, the fault was concealed state.
④Long xian-Qishan-Mazhao fault:the exposed length of 138km, the fault plane trace was slightly convex arc to the southwest, into a new set of Sichuan-Longxian section, Longxian-Qishan section and Qishan-Mazhao segments. New set of Sichuan-Longxian segment to 290-300°, inclination NE, angle 45～85°; Longxian-Qishan section to 280～320°, inclination SW, angle 55～85°; Qishan-Mazhao segment to 310～330°, inclination NE. Plane distribution of the fault was the right order echelon form, in large DU ditch, Yao field squeezing rock bridge area such as the formation, in wangjiawan, Yanjiawan to form the extension rocks area. Rich fault outcrop, the fault is Late Pleistocene fault.
3、The Fault tectonic evolution:fault zone formed in early Paleozoic, before the late Jurassic, by the strong compression. Early Cretaceous, the formation of a strong left-lateral strike-slip tension environment, the formation of "one Ryuji bend" landscape. Cretaceous, the late performance of right-lateral strike-slip fault zone and the movement of the thrust characteristics of extrusion, after long-term uplift. In the late Pleistocene by Eastern Liupanshan sinistral strike-slip extrusion, Ordos block counterclockwise rotation, to the north and south of Weihe fault basin expansion and other effects,fault zone is characterized by a positive dip slip.
4、Fault construction stress features:The deep fault zone is in the extrusion environment, characterized by NE extensional tectonic stress field; Shallow in the extensional environment, characterized by SSE extensional tectonic stress field. Among them, the main features of deep are tectonic stress field which NE to the extrusion, SSE to the extensional,and this is just the opposite of shallow.
引文
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