荔波野生梅环境适应性及其资源发展研究
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摘要
为阐明荔波野生梅对喀斯特生境的适应机制,本文选取不同小生境条件下的荔波野生梅为研究对象。测定了荔波野生梅叶片的δ~(13)C值、植株(叶片和果实)的主要营养元素含量及其生长土壤的理化性质。同时,为了便于荔波野生梅进行开发利用和扩大生产提供依据,还测定了荔波野生梅果实的主要营养成分。研究结果如下:
1.荔波野生梅叶片δ~(13)C值范围为-29.43‰～-26.50‰,平均值为-27.9990‰±0.709‰。从世界范围来看,其值除比温带地区和荒漠地区低外,比典型的亚热带植物要高,δ~(13)C值变化范围也较亚热带地区更大;同我国其它地区相比较,其平均值除了比我国热带雨林植物的偏高外,比其它地区的低,δ~(13)C值变化范围也较其他地区小;但同贵州喀斯特山区的其它植物相比,其值大致相同,说明植物叶片δ~(13)C值除了与植物本身的遗传特性有关外,还和其生长环境密切相关。
2.荔波野生梅叶片δ~(13)C值随其小生境的不同而有显著差异,存在以下关系:δ~(13)C(土面)>δ~(13)C(石面)≈δ~(13)C(石缝)。研究表明,植物叶片δ~(13)C值可作为植物长期水分利用效率(WUE)的表征值。因此,我们可以推测在茂兰喀斯特森林,不同生境的荔波野生梅的水分利用效率存在以下顺序:WUE(土面)>WUE(石面)≈WUE(石缝)。
3.由于成土基岩和成土机制的原因,荔波野生梅不同生境土壤的有机质含量和元素含量无显著差异,与其它喀斯特地区的同类土壤相比也近似。但由于森林的作用,不同生境土壤的含水量有显著差异,其值对荔波野生梅叶片δ~(13)C值的高低有较大的影响,它们之间呈显著的负相关,R值为-0.723。土壤中的Ca元素含量由于能增加植物叶片的叶绿素含量及其光合强度,增强根系的吸水能力,使叶片水分散失减少,从而能显著的增大荔波野生梅叶片δ~(13)C值。
4.荔波野生梅果实的Ca含量是其它非喀产区的4-6倍,荔波野生梅富钙的特性有助于喀斯特森林树种在频繁发生的水分逆境中增强其抗逆能力。荔波野生梅果实K含量是其它非喀产区的10倍以上,其对K元素有富集作用。对荔波野生梅叶片营养元素N、S、C的含量和其叶片δ~(13)C值进行相关分析表明,它们之间的相关性均不显著。
5.对荔波野生梅果实营养成分的研究表明,相对于国内主要栽培品种,其果实的单果重、蛋白质含量、Na元素含量和水分含量较低,Ca、K含量较高。荔波野生梅含有丰富的营养成分,有着优良的加工性状。
For knowing the adaptation mechanism of Libo wide plum to karst Environment,Libo wide plum under the different nichs have been sleceted to study. The paper has determined the foliar carbon isotope ratios(δ~(13)C)of Libo wide plum, the plant (leaf and fruit) main nutrient element contents and the physical and chemical properties of soil. The main nutritional ingredients of its fruit also have been determined for developing the industry of Libo wide plum. The results are as following:
1. The foliarδ~(13)C values of Libo wide plum ranged from -29.43‰to -26.50‰, averaging -27.9990‰±0.709‰. The mean value ofδ~(13)C is lower than that from temperate zone area and desert area, but higher than that from the typical subtropical plants, and the change extent is larger than that area. Compare with other area of China, the mean value ofδ~(13)C is higher than the tropical rain forest plant, but lower than areas, and the change extent is narrow than that area, but similar with other karst mountainous plants .The result show that the plant foliarδ~(13)C value besides with plant's hereditary property related, but is also closely related with its habitat.
2. There were significant differences in the average foliarδ~(13)C values in the different niches:δ~(13)C(soil)>δ~(13)C(rock)≈δ~(13)C(Crevice). The research indicated that, the plant foliarδ~(13)C values could take plant long-term water use efficiency (WUE). Therefore, we can speculate in Maolan karst forest, the water use efficiency of Libo wide plum in different nichs have following order: WUE(soil)>WUE(rock)≈WUE(Crevice).
3. Because of soil bedrock and soil-forming mechanism, the organic matter content and elemental content of soil in different nichs are not significantly different, and similar with other karst soil. The soil water content is significantly different ,it has pronounced effect on foliarδ~(13)C. There were significantly negative correlation between them, R=-0.723. Ca content in the soil can significantly increase the foliarδ~(13)C values of Libo wide plum.
4.Ca element content in Libo wide plum fruit is 4-6 times to other areas, this characteristic is helpful in strengthening its resistance ability. K element content in Libo wide plum fruit is more than 10 times to other areas, Libo wide plum can accumulate K element. Correlation analysis between the foliar nutrient element content(C, S, N) and its foliarδ~(13)C values indicate that there are not significantly correlations.
5.The study on the main nutritional ingredient of the fruit of Libo wide plum show that, compared to the major domestic cultivars of plun, the fruit weight, protein content, Na element content and water content of Libo wide plum is low, but Ca, K element content is high. The libo wild plum has the rich nutrition ingredient.
1.荔波野生梅叶片δ~(13)C值范围为-29.43‰～-26.50‰,平均值为-27.9990‰±0.709‰。从世界范围来看,其值除比温带地区和荒漠地区低外,比典型的亚热带植物要高,δ~(13)C值变化范围也较亚热带地区更大;同我国其它地区相比较,其平均值除了比我国热带雨林植物的偏高外,比其它地区的低,δ~(13)C值变化范围也较其他地区小;但同贵州喀斯特山区的其它植物相比,其值大致相同,说明植物叶片δ~(13)C值除了与植物本身的遗传特性有关外,还和其生长环境密切相关。
2.荔波野生梅叶片δ~(13)C值随其小生境的不同而有显著差异,存在以下关系:δ~(13)C(土面)>δ~(13)C(石面)≈δ~(13)C(石缝)。研究表明,植物叶片δ~(13)C值可作为植物长期水分利用效率(WUE)的表征值。因此,我们可以推测在茂兰喀斯特森林,不同生境的荔波野生梅的水分利用效率存在以下顺序:WUE(土面)>WUE(石面)≈WUE(石缝)。
3.由于成土基岩和成土机制的原因,荔波野生梅不同生境土壤的有机质含量和元素含量无显著差异,与其它喀斯特地区的同类土壤相比也近似。但由于森林的作用,不同生境土壤的含水量有显著差异,其值对荔波野生梅叶片δ~(13)C值的高低有较大的影响,它们之间呈显著的负相关,R值为-0.723。土壤中的Ca元素含量由于能增加植物叶片的叶绿素含量及其光合强度,增强根系的吸水能力,使叶片水分散失减少,从而能显著的增大荔波野生梅叶片δ~(13)C值。
4.荔波野生梅果实的Ca含量是其它非喀产区的4-6倍,荔波野生梅富钙的特性有助于喀斯特森林树种在频繁发生的水分逆境中增强其抗逆能力。荔波野生梅果实K含量是其它非喀产区的10倍以上,其对K元素有富集作用。对荔波野生梅叶片营养元素N、S、C的含量和其叶片δ~(13)C值进行相关分析表明,它们之间的相关性均不显著。
5.对荔波野生梅果实营养成分的研究表明,相对于国内主要栽培品种,其果实的单果重、蛋白质含量、Na元素含量和水分含量较低,Ca、K含量较高。荔波野生梅含有丰富的营养成分,有着优良的加工性状。
For knowing the adaptation mechanism of Libo wide plum to karst Environment,Libo wide plum under the different nichs have been sleceted to study. The paper has determined the foliar carbon isotope ratios(δ~(13)C)of Libo wide plum, the plant (leaf and fruit) main nutrient element contents and the physical and chemical properties of soil. The main nutritional ingredients of its fruit also have been determined for developing the industry of Libo wide plum. The results are as following:
1. The foliarδ~(13)C values of Libo wide plum ranged from -29.43‰to -26.50‰, averaging -27.9990‰±0.709‰. The mean value ofδ~(13)C is lower than that from temperate zone area and desert area, but higher than that from the typical subtropical plants, and the change extent is larger than that area. Compare with other area of China, the mean value ofδ~(13)C is higher than the tropical rain forest plant, but lower than areas, and the change extent is narrow than that area, but similar with other karst mountainous plants .The result show that the plant foliarδ~(13)C value besides with plant's hereditary property related, but is also closely related with its habitat.
2. There were significant differences in the average foliarδ~(13)C values in the different niches:δ~(13)C(soil)>δ~(13)C(rock)≈δ~(13)C(Crevice). The research indicated that, the plant foliarδ~(13)C values could take plant long-term water use efficiency (WUE). Therefore, we can speculate in Maolan karst forest, the water use efficiency of Libo wide plum in different nichs have following order: WUE(soil)>WUE(rock)≈WUE(Crevice).
3. Because of soil bedrock and soil-forming mechanism, the organic matter content and elemental content of soil in different nichs are not significantly different, and similar with other karst soil. The soil water content is significantly different ,it has pronounced effect on foliarδ~(13)C. There were significantly negative correlation between them, R=-0.723. Ca content in the soil can significantly increase the foliarδ~(13)C values of Libo wide plum.
4.Ca element content in Libo wide plum fruit is 4-6 times to other areas, this characteristic is helpful in strengthening its resistance ability. K element content in Libo wide plum fruit is more than 10 times to other areas, Libo wide plum can accumulate K element. Correlation analysis between the foliar nutrient element content(C, S, N) and its foliarδ~(13)C values indicate that there are not significantly correlations.
5.The study on the main nutritional ingredient of the fruit of Libo wide plum show that, compared to the major domestic cultivars of plun, the fruit weight, protein content, Na element content and water content of Libo wide plum is low, but Ca, K element content is high. The libo wild plum has the rich nutrition ingredient.
引文
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