Fe-基非晶软磁性能的研究
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摘要
随着对非晶领域不断的探索,非晶以其独特的性能取得了广大的关注与研究。其中得到充分利用的是具有优异磁性能的Fe-基非晶材料。如今,非晶磁性材料已经投入到实际生产中去,但相同成分的条带实际生产中与在实验室制备的条带在性能方面都有一定的差距,究其原因,一方面,是因为原料的取材：实际生产中用的原材料的取材远不如实验室纯度高。更为重要的是,在实际生产中对非晶条带进行退火时,往往是大批量的,因此较实验室退火来讲,有着严重的退火不均匀现象。严重形象非晶产品的性能。针对于此,本文选取有较的玻璃形成能力的成分Fe36Co36Si4B20Nb4,其具有较宽的过冷液相区(△Tx),研究不同工艺对条带性能的影响,试通过对制备工艺进行调整,得到一种无需退火就可使条带达到高的综合软磁性能制备工艺。为达到该目的本实验主要包括以下几个方面：
①用传统方法制备出该成分的非晶条带,进行XRD检测,根据结果确定其为非晶。再对该条带进行DSC检测,得出其过冷液相区宽度为43℃,并根据其结果分析设定其最佳退火工艺；
②在距铜轮15cm左右的位置设置挡板,通过调整铜轮转速、是否通冷却水等工艺,得出产生不同程度折皱的条带。去除挡板,并根据实验需要制备出相对于折皱带的直条带；
③要制备出符合要求的条带,需要其在制备过程中就得到充分的应力释放。因此其关键就是控制使条带在离开铜轮时的温度处在过冷液相区内的相应位置。温度过低,其在成形过程中产生的内应力得不到充分的释放,需经退火方能达到最佳性能。温度过高,原子或原子团的自由度就越高,条带就可能发生晶化,导致磁性下降。
④对各组条带用相同的工艺进行退火处理,并测量其软磁性能,分析差生差异的原理,从而得出制备该条带的方法和机理。
在该实验中,目的是制备出一种不需退火就有良好性能的条带,因此我们将其命名为无退火条带。无退火条带的研究可从根本上解决工业生产中退火不均匀的问题,从而可以提高产品的总体性能。由于其不需要退火,所以可以完全节省到退火的人力、耗时、设备投入以及保护气体的消耗。因此对生产具有巨大的经济效益和广阔的应用前景。针对实际生产,本文对已投入生产的Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3进行成分改性处理,用价格较为便宜的Mo逐步替代其中价格较高的Nb,以期望在不明显降低其综合磁性能的前提下降低其生产成本。该实验在本文中包括以下几个方面：
①设定成分,分步替代原成分中的Nb,除原成分外,设定出两个成分,Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb1.5Mo1.5和Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Mo3进行比对；
②对不同成分的条带进行退火处理,并对处理后的条带尽行XRD分析,证明退火后的条带仍然处于非晶态；
③对退火处理后的条带分别进行矫顽力(Hc)和初始磁导率(μ0)的检测。根据结果对比分析Mo和Nb在该成分的非晶条带中所起的作用。从而确定107条带的最佳成分。
With the studying in the area of the metallic glass, amorphous materials have made a lot of attention and research because of their unique performances. And the Fe-based metallic glass with good magnetic performance is the one which be widely used in factory. Today, many amorphous materials have been produced in factories. But the performances of metallic glass are worse than the one be prepared in laboratory. The reasons include the following two sides:first, the materials. The materials used in factories were not as clean as in laboratory. And more important, in the annealing step, they always anneal a lot of metallic glass by one time. For this, it wasn't symmetrical in this step, which reduced the magnetic performance. To solve this problem, in this paper we chose the composition of Fe36Co36Si4B20Nb4, which has a large ΔTx. We study the effects of the different crafts on the soft magnetic performance. We tried to find a craft by which we can prepare the amorphous strips with good soft magnetic performance but without annealing. The study in this paper included the following aspects:
1. Prepare the glass strips of the composition by the usual way, test it by XRD. From its result, we made sure that the strips were metallic glasses. And we got the ATx is43℃and the best annealing craft.
2. We set a baffle be apart from the wheel by15cm. We prepared the amorphous strips with different levels of fold with different crafts, such as different speed of the wheel, whether open the cooling water and so on. Then we removed the baffle and prepared the straight ribbons if it was needed;
3. To get the purpose, it needs to get its stress released in the preparing process. So the key of preparing the purpose ribbons was to control the ribbons'temperature at the time when they leave the wheel. If the temperature was too low, they would not release enough internal stress. So they would have the good soft magnetic performance, unless they got annealed. If the temperature is too high, they would
crystallize. So they wouldn't have good magnetic performance.
4. After annealing the ribbons prepared with different crafts in the same way, test their soft magnetic properties. Then analyze the reason why they got the different properties to get how to get the purpose ribbons.
The study of annealing needless ribbons can fully solve the problem of uneven annealing. So in this way, the performance of the production can be improved. Because the annealing needless ribbons didn't need be annealed, the cost of this process can be saved completely. So there are great economic benefits and great application prospect.
In this paper, we studied the composition changing of the metallic glass whose composition is Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3which be produced in factories. For this, we made the expensive Nb be replaced by the cheap Mo. The purpose is to reduce the cost of the metallic glass producing without much dropped in its magnetic performance. This paper included the following aspects about this study:
1. The composition design. We changed the composition by steps. So we got another two compositions, Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb1.5Mo1.5&Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Mo3;
2. After annealing the strips with the different composition, we test them with XRD. From the result we found that they were also metallic glass;
3. From the result of the coercive force and the magnetic conductivity test, we found that when the all Nb was replaced by Mo, the coercive force nearly didn't change while the magnetic conductivity reduced. The soft magnetic performance reduced in general. But when the Nb was replaced partly, the coercive force and the magnetic were all reduced. But the soft magnetic performance increased;
①用传统方法制备出该成分的非晶条带,进行XRD检测,根据结果确定其为非晶。再对该条带进行DSC检测,得出其过冷液相区宽度为43℃,并根据其结果分析设定其最佳退火工艺；
②在距铜轮15cm左右的位置设置挡板,通过调整铜轮转速、是否通冷却水等工艺,得出产生不同程度折皱的条带。去除挡板,并根据实验需要制备出相对于折皱带的直条带；
③要制备出符合要求的条带,需要其在制备过程中就得到充分的应力释放。因此其关键就是控制使条带在离开铜轮时的温度处在过冷液相区内的相应位置。温度过低,其在成形过程中产生的内应力得不到充分的释放,需经退火方能达到最佳性能。温度过高,原子或原子团的自由度就越高,条带就可能发生晶化,导致磁性下降。
④对各组条带用相同的工艺进行退火处理,并测量其软磁性能,分析差生差异的原理,从而得出制备该条带的方法和机理。
在该实验中,目的是制备出一种不需退火就有良好性能的条带,因此我们将其命名为无退火条带。无退火条带的研究可从根本上解决工业生产中退火不均匀的问题,从而可以提高产品的总体性能。由于其不需要退火,所以可以完全节省到退火的人力、耗时、设备投入以及保护气体的消耗。因此对生产具有巨大的经济效益和广阔的应用前景。针对实际生产,本文对已投入生产的Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3进行成分改性处理,用价格较为便宜的Mo逐步替代其中价格较高的Nb,以期望在不明显降低其综合磁性能的前提下降低其生产成本。该实验在本文中包括以下几个方面：
①设定成分,分步替代原成分中的Nb,除原成分外,设定出两个成分,Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb1.5Mo1.5和Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Mo3进行比对；
②对不同成分的条带进行退火处理,并对处理后的条带尽行XRD分析,证明退火后的条带仍然处于非晶态；
③对退火处理后的条带分别进行矫顽力(Hc)和初始磁导率(μ0)的检测。根据结果对比分析Mo和Nb在该成分的非晶条带中所起的作用。从而确定107条带的最佳成分。
With the studying in the area of the metallic glass, amorphous materials have made a lot of attention and research because of their unique performances. And the Fe-based metallic glass with good magnetic performance is the one which be widely used in factory. Today, many amorphous materials have been produced in factories. But the performances of metallic glass are worse than the one be prepared in laboratory. The reasons include the following two sides:first, the materials. The materials used in factories were not as clean as in laboratory. And more important, in the annealing step, they always anneal a lot of metallic glass by one time. For this, it wasn't symmetrical in this step, which reduced the magnetic performance. To solve this problem, in this paper we chose the composition of Fe36Co36Si4B20Nb4, which has a large ΔTx. We study the effects of the different crafts on the soft magnetic performance. We tried to find a craft by which we can prepare the amorphous strips with good soft magnetic performance but without annealing. The study in this paper included the following aspects:
1. Prepare the glass strips of the composition by the usual way, test it by XRD. From its result, we made sure that the strips were metallic glasses. And we got the ATx is43℃and the best annealing craft.
2. We set a baffle be apart from the wheel by15cm. We prepared the amorphous strips with different levels of fold with different crafts, such as different speed of the wheel, whether open the cooling water and so on. Then we removed the baffle and prepared the straight ribbons if it was needed;
3. To get the purpose, it needs to get its stress released in the preparing process. So the key of preparing the purpose ribbons was to control the ribbons'temperature at the time when they leave the wheel. If the temperature was too low, they would not release enough internal stress. So they would have the good soft magnetic performance, unless they got annealed. If the temperature is too high, they would
crystallize. So they wouldn't have good magnetic performance.
4. After annealing the ribbons prepared with different crafts in the same way, test their soft magnetic properties. Then analyze the reason why they got the different properties to get how to get the purpose ribbons.
The study of annealing needless ribbons can fully solve the problem of uneven annealing. So in this way, the performance of the production can be improved. Because the annealing needless ribbons didn't need be annealed, the cost of this process can be saved completely. So there are great economic benefits and great application prospect.
In this paper, we studied the composition changing of the metallic glass whose composition is Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3which be produced in factories. For this, we made the expensive Nb be replaced by the cheap Mo. The purpose is to reduce the cost of the metallic glass producing without much dropped in its magnetic performance. This paper included the following aspects about this study:
1. The composition design. We changed the composition by steps. So we got another two compositions, Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb1.5Mo1.5&Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Mo3;
2. After annealing the strips with the different composition, we test them with XRD. From the result we found that they were also metallic glass;
3. From the result of the coercive force and the magnetic conductivity test, we found that when the all Nb was replaced by Mo, the coercive force nearly didn't change while the magnetic conductivity reduced. The soft magnetic performance reduced in general. But when the Nb was replaced partly, the coercive force and the magnetic were all reduced. But the soft magnetic performance increased;
引文
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[2]王正品等.金属功能材料[M].北京市：化学工业出版社,2004.192-194
[3]黎阳.金属玻璃的应用[J].上海钢研,2004,03：27
[4]A. Brenner, Couch DE, Williams EK. EleetrodePosition of alloys of PhosPhorus With nickel or eobalt [J]. J Res Natl Bur Stand,1950, (44):109-119
[5](美)F·E·卢博斯基.非晶态金属合金(柯成译)[M].北京市：冶金工业出版社,1989.27-38
[6]王一禾,杨膺善.非晶态合金[M].北京市：冶金工业出版社,1989.26-30
[7]Chen GL, Hui XD, He G, et al. Multicomponent Chemical Short Range Order (MCSRO) Undercooling and the Formation of Bulk Metallic Glasses[J].Materials transactions,2001,42(6):1095-1102
[8]王正品等.金属功能材料[M].北京市：化学工业出版社,2004.194-196
[9]E. Arzt, L. Schultz (eds). New materials by mechanical alloying techniques[J]. Materials and Manufacturing Processes,1991,6(4):733-736
[10]孙玉魁.金属软磁材料及其应用[M].北京市：冶金工业出版社,1986.13-20
[11]刘吉平,郝向阳.纳米科学与技术[M].北京市：科学出版社,2002.6-10
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