卫星油田低温集输界限研究及工艺参数优化
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摘要
目前,我国大多数油田都已进入高含水开发期,随着油井综合含水率的上升,油气集输系统开始出现运行效率降低的现象。在生产中,大量的混输掺水加热造成转油站耗气量、耗电量呈急剧上升趋势,因此对油井实施不加热输送便成为矿场油气集输系统节能降耗的主要措施之一。卫星油田位于黑龙江省大庆市和安达市境内,与升平油田、宋芳屯油田相邻,单井产量低、生产气油比低、井口出液温度低、集油半径大及原油凝固点高等实际生产特点使其集输能耗处于比较高的水平。因此,针对卫星油田的生产实际,亟需系统地优化其低温集输工艺参数,制定有效的低温集输方案,降低原油生产成本,实现油田地面生产系统的安全、节能运行。
本文在对卫星油田的原油物性及油水乳状液低温流变性进行分析的基础上,基于一套成型的掺水集输室内模拟试验装置开展低温集输工艺参数优化的相关室内模拟试验,通过研究试验结果中流体流型及管路压降变化特征,确定了相应工况下的安全回油温度界限;进而根据安全回油温度界限确定了卫星油田所辖全部集油环的低温掺水集输工艺运行参数;并运用两级递阶优化方法对卫星油田所辖转油站进行集输工艺运行参数优化分析,确定了在转油站系统生产运行费用最优情况下相关的低温掺水集输工艺运行参数。
在室内模拟试验研究的基础上,结合卫星油田地面生产运行实际情况,开展了全范围降温集输现场试验。现场试验表明,卫星油田环状流程完全具备开展低温集油的可行性,能够实现在凝固点附近及以下安全回油,包括掺水量、掺水温度等在内的低温输油界限与室内研究结果基本符合,整个现场试验期间(按10天计),节气1.01×10~4m~3,节电1.77×10~4kW·h,折合节约生产成本2.7万元左右。
At present, most oilfields in China have moved into high water cut development stage. With the increase of water content, the oil-gas gathering and transportation system begins to appear a series of situations, for example, the decline of operation efficiency. And most of gas consumption in oil transfer stations has been used to heat blending water. So the transportation of crude oil without heating becomes one of key ways to save energy consumption of oil-gas gathering & transportation system. The Weixing oilfield is located in Daqing’s border with Anda, next to Shengping and Songfangtun oilfields. Its characteristics have low oil production, low gas-oil ratio, low oil temperature, long gathering radius and high freezing point. Therefore, according to the fact, it is necessary to optimize cooling gathering & transportation processing parameters, formulate effective cooling gathering & transportation projects, and reduce crude oil production cost.
In this paper, based on the analysis of the oil property and low temperature rheology in the Weixing oilfield, a set of indoor simulation experiments was developed using a suite of molding water mixing simulation test device. According to the study on the oil-water flow patterns and pressure drop along the pipeline, some safe oil arrival temperature boundaries to different conditions were given. Then cooling gathering & transportation processing parameters of all rings were determined too. And using the two-level optimization method to analyze the oiling gathering & transportation processing parameters of oil transfer stations in the Weixing oilfield, a group of optimal case was gotten.
On the basis of indoor simulation experiment, and combining with actual production situation in the Weixing oilfield, a full range of cooling gathering and transportation field test was launched. The field test showed that the Weixing oilfield was well qualified for developing low-temperature oil gathering & transportation, and the oil arrival temperature can realize near or under the freezing point. Some parameters, for example, water mixing content and temperature were in agreement with indoor simulation experiment results. During the whole field test (10 days), the gas-saving and the electricity-saving amount can reach 1.01×10~4m~3 and 1.77×10~4kW·h respectively, which means 27 thousand Yuan of production cost was saved.
本文在对卫星油田的原油物性及油水乳状液低温流变性进行分析的基础上,基于一套成型的掺水集输室内模拟试验装置开展低温集输工艺参数优化的相关室内模拟试验,通过研究试验结果中流体流型及管路压降变化特征,确定了相应工况下的安全回油温度界限;进而根据安全回油温度界限确定了卫星油田所辖全部集油环的低温掺水集输工艺运行参数;并运用两级递阶优化方法对卫星油田所辖转油站进行集输工艺运行参数优化分析,确定了在转油站系统生产运行费用最优情况下相关的低温掺水集输工艺运行参数。
在室内模拟试验研究的基础上,结合卫星油田地面生产运行实际情况,开展了全范围降温集输现场试验。现场试验表明,卫星油田环状流程完全具备开展低温集油的可行性,能够实现在凝固点附近及以下安全回油,包括掺水量、掺水温度等在内的低温输油界限与室内研究结果基本符合,整个现场试验期间(按10天计),节气1.01×10~4m~3,节电1.77×10~4kW·h,折合节约生产成本2.7万元左右。
At present, most oilfields in China have moved into high water cut development stage. With the increase of water content, the oil-gas gathering and transportation system begins to appear a series of situations, for example, the decline of operation efficiency. And most of gas consumption in oil transfer stations has been used to heat blending water. So the transportation of crude oil without heating becomes one of key ways to save energy consumption of oil-gas gathering & transportation system. The Weixing oilfield is located in Daqing’s border with Anda, next to Shengping and Songfangtun oilfields. Its characteristics have low oil production, low gas-oil ratio, low oil temperature, long gathering radius and high freezing point. Therefore, according to the fact, it is necessary to optimize cooling gathering & transportation processing parameters, formulate effective cooling gathering & transportation projects, and reduce crude oil production cost.
In this paper, based on the analysis of the oil property and low temperature rheology in the Weixing oilfield, a set of indoor simulation experiments was developed using a suite of molding water mixing simulation test device. According to the study on the oil-water flow patterns and pressure drop along the pipeline, some safe oil arrival temperature boundaries to different conditions were given. Then cooling gathering & transportation processing parameters of all rings were determined too. And using the two-level optimization method to analyze the oiling gathering & transportation processing parameters of oil transfer stations in the Weixing oilfield, a group of optimal case was gotten.
On the basis of indoor simulation experiment, and combining with actual production situation in the Weixing oilfield, a full range of cooling gathering and transportation field test was launched. The field test showed that the Weixing oilfield was well qualified for developing low-temperature oil gathering & transportation, and the oil arrival temperature can realize near or under the freezing point. Some parameters, for example, water mixing content and temperature were in agreement with indoor simulation experiment results. During the whole field test (10 days), the gas-saving and the electricity-saving amount can reach 1.01×10~4m~3 and 1.77×10~4kW·h respectively, which means 27 thousand Yuan of production cost was saved.
引文
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