复杂表层多次反射折射波传播特性研究
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摘要
目前地震勘探的一个重点和难点是双复杂地区的勘探,即探区地表复杂和地下地质构造复杂。为解决双复杂地区的勘探问题,首要的和基础性的问题是如何解决复杂表层问题。多次反射折射波作为复杂表层探区中一类常见和重要的波动现象,对其的深入研究和分析必然有助于对复杂表层波动现象的认识和波动客观规律的掌握。
首波(折射波)的研究方法主要有射线法和波动法,两者也是多次反射折射波研究的理论基础,因此本论文首先对首波的两种研究方法对了详细的阐述,在多次反射折射波的研究上,对其运动学特性的分析采用射线法,而对其动力学特性的分析则采用波动法。
多次反射折射波的传播机理问题为多次反射折射波研究中的首要问题,这在于多次反射折射波的运动学特征和动力学特征与其传播路径相关,本文在阐述谱元法正演在多次反射折射波模拟中的适用性的基础上,通过模拟地震波在半空间模型和波导模型中的传播,确定了多次反射折射波的传播路径。
多次反射折射波运动学和动力学特性分析在多次反射折射波的理论研究中占有重要地位。应用经典的首波射线理论和波动理论,推导出了多次反射折射波的运动学公式和动力学特性公式,即其时距曲线方程和位移矢量表达式。
多次反射折射波在复杂探区可与层析反演方法联合进行表层建模。论文通过相关公式推导表明多次反射折射波的旅行时差可用来计算出风化层的厚度,并通过新疆和东北探区的实际资料进行了验证。
特征向量滤波方法压制多次反射折射波。由于多次反射折射波与有效反射波之间存在干涉现象,并影响地震数据处理中振幅补偿和反褶积的效果,论文探讨了运用特征向量滤波方法局部压制多次反射折射波,通过实例表明压制多次反射折射波对复杂探区的地震成像有较强的现实意义。
At present the key problem of the seismic exploration is the exploration in dual-complexity areas, i.e. the complex surface and the complex subsurface geological structure. In order to resolve the exploration problems in dual-complexity areas, the most important and fundamental precondition is how to resolve problems of the complex surface.
In the exploration areas with complex surface, multiple reflected refraction is the main kind of common and important wave phenomenon,so the research of multiple reflected refractions has larger academic value and practical significance to intensive understanding of the wave phenomenon in complex surface layer and improving the quality of seismic imaging. There are two methods to study on head wave which act as the theory basis of study on multiple reflected refraction, ray method and wave method.In paper, two methods have been represented in detail.The kinematic and dynamic characteristic of multiple reflected refraction is analysed by ray method,and the dynamic characteristic of multiple reflected refraction is analysed by wave method.
The propagation path of multiple reflected refraction is the primary issue, which is due to the fact that its kinematics and kinetics characteristic is directly related to the path. Through the analysis and induction of the possible propagation paths of multiple reflected refraction, the two possible propagation paths have been verified by spectral element method forward modeling of half-space model and guide model, then the real wave propagation path of multiple reflected refraction is confirmed.
The kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the multiple reflected refractions play important roles in the study of multiple reflected refraction. In paper, the time-distance formula and displacement vector equation have been derived.
The near-surface modeling could be achieved by the joint inversion of tomographic inverse method and multiple reflected refraction, for the thickness of weathering layers could calculated from the travel-time difference of multiple reflected refractions,which has been verified by the real data from Xinjiang and North-east exploration area.
The multiple reflected refractions not only bring the interference phenomenon between multiple reflected refractions and the normal reflections, but also affect the effect of amplitude compensation and deconvolution in the seismic data processing, therefore this paper studies an attenuation method of the multiple reflected refractions—Eigenvector filter multiple attenuation method, which could be be verified by the theoretical analysis and the seismic data processing cases.
首波(折射波)的研究方法主要有射线法和波动法,两者也是多次反射折射波研究的理论基础,因此本论文首先对首波的两种研究方法对了详细的阐述,在多次反射折射波的研究上,对其运动学特性的分析采用射线法,而对其动力学特性的分析则采用波动法。
多次反射折射波的传播机理问题为多次反射折射波研究中的首要问题,这在于多次反射折射波的运动学特征和动力学特征与其传播路径相关,本文在阐述谱元法正演在多次反射折射波模拟中的适用性的基础上,通过模拟地震波在半空间模型和波导模型中的传播,确定了多次反射折射波的传播路径。
多次反射折射波运动学和动力学特性分析在多次反射折射波的理论研究中占有重要地位。应用经典的首波射线理论和波动理论,推导出了多次反射折射波的运动学公式和动力学特性公式,即其时距曲线方程和位移矢量表达式。
多次反射折射波在复杂探区可与层析反演方法联合进行表层建模。论文通过相关公式推导表明多次反射折射波的旅行时差可用来计算出风化层的厚度,并通过新疆和东北探区的实际资料进行了验证。
特征向量滤波方法压制多次反射折射波。由于多次反射折射波与有效反射波之间存在干涉现象,并影响地震数据处理中振幅补偿和反褶积的效果,论文探讨了运用特征向量滤波方法局部压制多次反射折射波,通过实例表明压制多次反射折射波对复杂探区的地震成像有较强的现实意义。
At present the key problem of the seismic exploration is the exploration in dual-complexity areas, i.e. the complex surface and the complex subsurface geological structure. In order to resolve the exploration problems in dual-complexity areas, the most important and fundamental precondition is how to resolve problems of the complex surface.
In the exploration areas with complex surface, multiple reflected refraction is the main kind of common and important wave phenomenon,so the research of multiple reflected refractions has larger academic value and practical significance to intensive understanding of the wave phenomenon in complex surface layer and improving the quality of seismic imaging. There are two methods to study on head wave which act as the theory basis of study on multiple reflected refraction, ray method and wave method.In paper, two methods have been represented in detail.The kinematic and dynamic characteristic of multiple reflected refraction is analysed by ray method,and the dynamic characteristic of multiple reflected refraction is analysed by wave method.
The propagation path of multiple reflected refraction is the primary issue, which is due to the fact that its kinematics and kinetics characteristic is directly related to the path. Through the analysis and induction of the possible propagation paths of multiple reflected refraction, the two possible propagation paths have been verified by spectral element method forward modeling of half-space model and guide model, then the real wave propagation path of multiple reflected refraction is confirmed.
The kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the multiple reflected refractions play important roles in the study of multiple reflected refraction. In paper, the time-distance formula and displacement vector equation have been derived.
The near-surface modeling could be achieved by the joint inversion of tomographic inverse method and multiple reflected refraction, for the thickness of weathering layers could calculated from the travel-time difference of multiple reflected refractions,which has been verified by the real data from Xinjiang and North-east exploration area.
The multiple reflected refractions not only bring the interference phenomenon between multiple reflected refractions and the normal reflections, but also affect the effect of amplitude compensation and deconvolution in the seismic data processing, therefore this paper studies an attenuation method of the multiple reflected refractions—Eigenvector filter multiple attenuation method, which could be be verified by the theoretical analysis and the seismic data processing cases.
引文
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2熊翥.复杂地区地震数据处理思路．北京：石油工业出版社，2002．70—75
3李庆忠.论地震次生干扰．石油地球物理勘探,1983，18(3)：207-213
4吕公河.地震勘探中次生干扰弹性动力学分析．石油物探，2001，40（3），76-81
5李庆忠.论地震次生干扰．石油地球物理勘探,1983，18(4)：302-303
6陆基孟.地震勘探原理东营：石油大学出版社，2001，164-181
7郭桂红，郝重涛等.沉积盆地中地震波速度与地层年代的关系.地球物理学报，2009,52(7):1794-1797
8李振春．地震成像理论与方法．东营：中国石油大学出版社，2004．26-29
9Yilmaz.O .Seismic Data Processing.Tulsa Society of Exploration Geophysicsts 2000 Vol.1 302-307
10Mohorovici.Jahrb.meteorol obs Zagreb 1909,vom 8(in German)
11Jeffreys.On compressional waves in two superposed layers.1926,Proc.Cambridge Phil.Soc.23
12Muskat.The theory of refraction shooting physics,1933,4:14-28
13Wolf.A.The amplitude and character of refraction waves.Geophysics,1936(1):319-326
14Brekhovskikh, 1960, Layered Media.New York:Academic Press, Cagniard
15Ceveny.V.The reflectiom of a spherical elastic waves at a plane boundary.Plane Geofysikalnl Sbornik,1957(4):343-366.
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