Walkaway VSP数据的相干成像
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摘要
本文试验了基于光学干涉的基本原理用地震波代替光波进行地震成像处理的一种新的成像方法:地震相干成像方法。这种成像方法可将Walkaway VSP数据转换成在运动学上等价于地面地震的数据,并可用叠前偏移和常规地面地震数据处理流程两种方法来处理干涉后的数据(相干图)。这就使Walkaway VSP数据可以利用地面成熟且完善的处理流程来进行成像处理。最主要的是相干成像可以使Walkaway VSP数据的成像范围大大提高,而且这种成像方法对Walkaway VSP数据中的检波点静校正量很不敏感。本文还通过对简单层状模型和带有断层构造的较复杂模型利用声波有限差分方法分别模拟得到了Walkaway VSP数据,并用常规的一次反射波成像和相干成像对模拟得到的数据分别进行了处理,处理结果显示相干成像不但可以得到正确的成像结果,且成像范围大约是一次反射波成像范围的3倍。同时本文分别利用叠前偏移(绕射扫描叠加)和常规地面地震数据处理流程两种方法对干涉得到的相干图进行了处理,处理发现这两种方法都能得到正确的成像结果。最后本文还对实际采集到的Walkaway VSP数据进行了处理,得到了比较满意的效果。
In this paper, a new imaging method, which is called seismic interferometric imaging that based on optical interferometry principle, has been tested; seismic wave instead of leaser beam has been used. This method transforms the walkaway VSP data into surface seismic data that is equivalent in kinematics. Prestack migration and conventional seismic data processing method can be used to process the transformed seismic data(interferogram). Therefore, matured conventional seismic processing method could be used to image walkaway VSP data. The primary advantage of interferometric imaging method is the wider imaging extension and insensitivity to the receiver statics correction. We modeled the walkaway VSP data of a strata structure and a geological structure that a fault is included using acoustic equation finite difference method in this dissertation. The conventional primary reflection imaging method and interferometric imaging method were used to process the modeling data. Imaging result indicated that interferometric imaging method could get correct subsurface image and its imaging extension was about 3 times more than primary reflection imaging. Also, conventional surface seismic imaging method and interferometric imaging method were used to process transformed seismic data(diffraction-stack migration), both could get correct subsurface image. Finally, field walkaway VSP data was processed using the interferogram imaging method and satisfactory image was gained.
In this paper, a new imaging method, which is called seismic interferometric imaging that based on optical interferometry principle, has been tested; seismic wave instead of leaser beam has been used. This method transforms the walkaway VSP data into surface seismic data that is equivalent in kinematics. Prestack migration and conventional seismic data processing method can be used to process the transformed seismic data(interferogram). Therefore, matured conventional seismic processing method could be used to image walkaway VSP data. The primary advantage of interferometric imaging method is the wider imaging extension and insensitivity to the receiver statics correction. We modeled the walkaway VSP data of a strata structure and a geological structure that a fault is included using acoustic equation finite difference method in this dissertation. The conventional primary reflection imaging method and interferometric imaging method were used to process the modeling data. Imaging result indicated that interferometric imaging method could get correct subsurface image and its imaging extension was about 3 times more than primary reflection imaging. Also, conventional surface seismic imaging method and interferometric imaging method were used to process transformed seismic data(diffraction-stack migration), both could get correct subsurface image. Finally, field walkaway VSP data was processed using the interferogram imaging method and satisfactory image was gained.
引文
[1]朱光明.垂直地震剖面[M].北京;石油工业出版社,1988.
[2]贺振华等.反射地震资料的偏移处理与反演方法[M].重庆大学出版社,1989.
[3]Ozdogan Yilmaz.地震数据处理[M].黄绪德、袁明德等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.7.
[4]杜世通.地震波动力学.东营:石油大学出版社,2003
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[6]Jie Zhong,Refraction migration:imaging multiple refractors automatically[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.2426-2429.
[7]Beian E.Hornby and Jianhua Yu.Single-well imaging of a salt flank using walkaway VSP data[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.3492-3496.
[8]stewart A.Levin.Virtual areal shot records by quasi-Monte Carlo interferometry[c].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.2201-2205.
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[11]Xiang Xiao,Min Zhou and Gerard T.Schuster.Fermat' s Interferometric Principle for Redatuming Surface Sources and PS Transmissions Traveltimes to the Target Body[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.3418-3421.
[12]Zhiyong Jian.Migration of Interbed Multiple Reflections[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.3501-3505.
[13]Kurang Mehta,Roel Snieder,Rodney Calvert and Jonathan Sheiman.Virtual source gathers and attenuation of free-surface multiples using OBC data:implementation issues and a case study[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.2669-2673.
[14]Ruiqing He,Brian Hornby and Gerard Schuster.3D wave-equation interferometric migration of VSP multiples[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.3442-3446.
[15]G.T.Schuster,J.Yu,J.Sheng and J.Rickett.Interferometric/daylight seismic imaging[J].Geophys.J.Int(2004)157,838-852
[16]Rongrong Lu,Mark Willis,Xander Campman,Jonathan Ajo-Franklin,M.Nafi Toks,ERL,MIT.Imaging dipping sediments at a salt dome flank - VSP seismic interferometry and reverse-time[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.
[17]Zhiyong Jian.Multiple attenuation in VSP multiple imaging and primary imaging[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.3477-3481.
[18]Jianhua Yu and Gerard T.Schuster.Crosscorrelogram migration of inverse vertical seismic profile data[J].Geophysics,VOL 71,No.1;P.S1-S11,14FIGS.
[19]孙成禹、张杰辉.完全纵波方程有限差分波场模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):289-294
[20]罗大清、宋炜、吴律.加权方向校正及插值预测吸收边界条件的三维波动方程爹前数值模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3):275-284
[21]廖振鹏.投射边界与无穷远辐射条件[J].中国科学(E辑),31(3):254-262
[22]秦义龙、张忠杰等.利用单频双程波动方程计算初至走时及其振幅[J].地球物理学报,42(8):423-428
[23]郭建.VSP技术应用现状及发展趋势[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(1):1-8
[24]黄新武、吴律、田子奇.约束加权克希霍夫法VSP反射成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,32(2):222-229
[25]马在田.高阶近似有限差分偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,1982,17(1):5-15
[26]董良国等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J],地球物理学学报,2000,43(3):412-418
[27]董良国.弹性波数值模拟中的吸收边界条件.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(1):45-56
[28]李文杰、魏修成、刘洋.声波正演中一种新的边界条件[J].石油物探,43(6):528-532
[29]杨辉.波动方程叠前深度偏移辛算法及速度建模[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所博士学位论文,2001
[30]王华忠、谢海兵,马在田.有限差分法地震波走时计算.同济大学学报,1997,25(3):318-321
[2]贺振华等.反射地震资料的偏移处理与反演方法[M].重庆大学出版社,1989.
[3]Ozdogan Yilmaz.地震数据处理[M].黄绪德、袁明德等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.7.
[4]杜世通.地震波动力学.东营:石油大学出版社,2003
[5]Kees Wapenaar,Seismic inteferometry for passive and exploration data:reconstruction of internal multiples[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.2981-2985.
[6]Jie Zhong,Refraction migration:imaging multiple refractors automatically[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.2426-2429.
[7]Beian E.Hornby and Jianhua Yu.Single-well imaging of a salt flank using walkaway VSP data[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.3492-3496.
[8]stewart A.Levin.Virtual areal shot records by quasi-Monte Carlo interferometry[c].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.2201-2205.
[9]Detlef Hohl and Albena Mateeva.Passive Seismic Reflectivity Imaging with Ocean-Bottom Cable Data[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.1560-1564.
[10]Ivan Vasconcelos and Roel Snieder.Interferometric imaging by deconvolution:theory and numerical examples[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006Annual Meeting.2416-2420.
[11]Xiang Xiao,Min Zhou and Gerard T.Schuster.Fermat' s Interferometric Principle for Redatuming Surface Sources and PS Transmissions Traveltimes to the Target Body[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.3418-3421.
[12]Zhiyong Jian.Migration of Interbed Multiple Reflections[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.3501-3505.
[13]Kurang Mehta,Roel Snieder,Rodney Calvert and Jonathan Sheiman.Virtual source gathers and attenuation of free-surface multiples using OBC data:implementation issues and a case study[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.2669-2673.
[14]Ruiqing He,Brian Hornby and Gerard Schuster.3D wave-equation interferometric migration of VSP multiples[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.3442-3446.
[15]G.T.Schuster,J.Yu,J.Sheng and J.Rickett.Interferometric/daylight seismic imaging[J].Geophys.J.Int(2004)157,838-852
[16]Rongrong Lu,Mark Willis,Xander Campman,Jonathan Ajo-Franklin,M.Nafi Toks,ERL,MIT.Imaging dipping sediments at a salt dome flank - VSP seismic interferometry and reverse-time[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.
[17]Zhiyong Jian.Multiple attenuation in VSP multiple imaging and primary imaging[C].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.3477-3481.
[18]Jianhua Yu and Gerard T.Schuster.Crosscorrelogram migration of inverse vertical seismic profile data[J].Geophysics,VOL 71,No.1;P.S1-S11,14FIGS.
[19]孙成禹、张杰辉.完全纵波方程有限差分波场模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):289-294
[20]罗大清、宋炜、吴律.加权方向校正及插值预测吸收边界条件的三维波动方程爹前数值模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3):275-284
[21]廖振鹏.投射边界与无穷远辐射条件[J].中国科学(E辑),31(3):254-262
[22]秦义龙、张忠杰等.利用单频双程波动方程计算初至走时及其振幅[J].地球物理学报,42(8):423-428
[23]郭建.VSP技术应用现状及发展趋势[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(1):1-8
[24]黄新武、吴律、田子奇.约束加权克希霍夫法VSP反射成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,32(2):222-229
[25]马在田.高阶近似有限差分偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,1982,17(1):5-15
[26]董良国等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J],地球物理学学报,2000,43(3):412-418
[27]董良国.弹性波数值模拟中的吸收边界条件.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(1):45-56
[28]李文杰、魏修成、刘洋.声波正演中一种新的边界条件[J].石油物探,43(6):528-532
[29]杨辉.波动方程叠前深度偏移辛算法及速度建模[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所博士学位论文,2001
[30]王华忠、谢海兵,马在田.有限差分法地震波走时计算.同济大学学报,1997,25(3):318-321
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