中国海岸带灾害地质风险评价及区划
摘要
海岸带对于人类社会经济的发展至关重要。然而,海岸带处于海陆相互作用的复杂地质环境中,灾害风险大而且破坏性效果显著。为此,为揭示我国海岸带灾害地质分布特征及风险级别,本文在系统收集和整理我国海岸带灾害地质相关资料的基础上,识别与圈定了海岸带灾害地质类型,建立了海岸带灾害地质分类体系及其风险定义,编制了海岸带灾害地质图,构建了海岸带灾害地质风险评价指标体系和基于模糊数学理论评价模型,对我国海岸带灾害地质风险进行了评价与区划。取得了如下成果:
(1)提出了海岸带灾害地质类型新分类体系。该体系采用三级分类,依据危害程度原则、成因条件原则和与人类活动密切相关性原则,将海岸带灾害地质类型分为潜在型和直接型两大类,下设构造类、重力类、侵蚀-堆积类、岩土-地层类、海气相互作用类和人类活动类六个亚类共40余种灾害地质类型。
(2)作为主要完成人之一,首次编制了1:50万中国海岸带灾害地质图。该图从北(鸭绿江口)到南(北仑河口)分为大连幅、天津幅、青岛幅、上海幅、福州幅、台湾幅、广州幅和海口幅,较详细地记录了目前我国海岸带发育的海岸侵蚀,海水入侵,断层,滑坡,浅层气和埋藏古河道等40余种灾害地质类型。揭示了我国海岸带灾害地质类型分布特征。
(3)本文建立了我国海岸带灾害地质6类5级的评价指标体系。6类评价指标体系指的是构造类、触发类、人为活动类、单体类、地震区划类和地貌区划类。对这6类,依据构造类灾害地质类型的危害程度、触发类的被触发难易程度、人为活动类的人类影响危害程度、单体类的各单体危险程度、地震区划类的地震动峰值加速度和地貌区划类的地貌形态差异,分别细划分为5级。该评价指标体系兼顾了实用性和科学性,基本满足了进行海岸带灾害地质风险定量评价的需求。
(4)首次对我国海岸带进行灾害地质风险区划。该区划结果将我国海岸带灾害地质风险划分为高风险、较高风险、中风险、较低风险和低风险5级。其中,高风险岸段1段,分布于我国台湾岛东部;较高风险岸段3段,分布于福建广东交界地带和台湾岛西部;低风险岸段5段,主要分布于我国杭州湾以北;中风险和较低风险岸是我国海岸带灾害地质风险的主要级别,散布于我国海岸带的其他岸段。
The coastal zone is very important for the human socioeconomic development. But the coastal is in the complex gelogy environment of sea-land interaction, the geohzard risk and the its devasting impact are very ennomors. So, in order to show the distributed characteristic and risk level of coastal geohazards, the coastal geohazards assessment and zonation in China are performed in this article. First of all, lots of correlative data in China coatal are collected and anaysized, and geohazards are recognised and the geohazards map in China Coatal zone is mapped. Then the classification system of geohazards and evaluate index system are built for assessment and zonation. The results and conclusions are:
(1)New geohazards classification system is put forward.This system is based on the principles of criticality, cause of formation and human effect, which are divided into 3 levels. Above is direct type and potential type, and then divided into 6 sub-types,such as tectonis,gravitation, erosion-cumulus,rock and earth-stratum,sea-air interaction and human activity.
(2)The geohazard map of coastal zone in China is mapped for the first time with a sclae 1:500,000. From YaLu estury to BeiLun estury, the map consists of DaLian breadth, TianJin breadth, QingDao breadth, ShangHai breadth, FuZhou Breadth, TaiWan breadth, GuangZhou Breadth and HaiKou breadth. The map records most geohazards in coasal zone, such as coastal erosion, sea incursion, fault, coast slide, shallow gas and buried channel etc. and shows the geohazards distributed characteristic in China coastal zone.
(3)The evaluation index sysem of coastal geohazards risk is built for the first time which consists of 6 kinds and 5 levels. The 6 kinds are earth-quake zonation, coastal physiognomy zonation, tectonics, burst, human effect and monomeric kind. Based on the criticality, burst difficulty, harmness and danger to human, the 6 kinds each divided into 5 levels. The system gives attention to practiaclity and science and fulfills to the coastal geohazards risk assessment.
(4)The geohazard risk zonation is made in China coastal zone for the first time. According to the zonationa result, the coastal zone in China is divided into 5 levels, that are high risk areas, upper risk areas, middle risk areas, lower risk areas and low risk areas. In the coastal zone of China, there is 1 segment at high risk level which located at the easter part of Taiwan island, and 3 upper risk areas are located at the march with Fujian province and Guangdong province. Another 5 segments are in the low risk level at the north of Hangzhou Bay. Middle and lower risk are mainly level in China coatal zone and scattered at the rest segments in the coastal zone.
(1)提出了海岸带灾害地质类型新分类体系。该体系采用三级分类,依据危害程度原则、成因条件原则和与人类活动密切相关性原则,将海岸带灾害地质类型分为潜在型和直接型两大类,下设构造类、重力类、侵蚀-堆积类、岩土-地层类、海气相互作用类和人类活动类六个亚类共40余种灾害地质类型。
(2)作为主要完成人之一,首次编制了1:50万中国海岸带灾害地质图。该图从北(鸭绿江口)到南(北仑河口)分为大连幅、天津幅、青岛幅、上海幅、福州幅、台湾幅、广州幅和海口幅,较详细地记录了目前我国海岸带发育的海岸侵蚀,海水入侵,断层,滑坡,浅层气和埋藏古河道等40余种灾害地质类型。揭示了我国海岸带灾害地质类型分布特征。
(3)本文建立了我国海岸带灾害地质6类5级的评价指标体系。6类评价指标体系指的是构造类、触发类、人为活动类、单体类、地震区划类和地貌区划类。对这6类,依据构造类灾害地质类型的危害程度、触发类的被触发难易程度、人为活动类的人类影响危害程度、单体类的各单体危险程度、地震区划类的地震动峰值加速度和地貌区划类的地貌形态差异,分别细划分为5级。该评价指标体系兼顾了实用性和科学性,基本满足了进行海岸带灾害地质风险定量评价的需求。
(4)首次对我国海岸带进行灾害地质风险区划。该区划结果将我国海岸带灾害地质风险划分为高风险、较高风险、中风险、较低风险和低风险5级。其中,高风险岸段1段,分布于我国台湾岛东部;较高风险岸段3段,分布于福建广东交界地带和台湾岛西部;低风险岸段5段,主要分布于我国杭州湾以北;中风险和较低风险岸是我国海岸带灾害地质风险的主要级别,散布于我国海岸带的其他岸段。
The coastal zone is very important for the human socioeconomic development. But the coastal is in the complex gelogy environment of sea-land interaction, the geohzard risk and the its devasting impact are very ennomors. So, in order to show the distributed characteristic and risk level of coastal geohazards, the coastal geohazards assessment and zonation in China are performed in this article. First of all, lots of correlative data in China coatal are collected and anaysized, and geohazards are recognised and the geohazards map in China Coatal zone is mapped. Then the classification system of geohazards and evaluate index system are built for assessment and zonation. The results and conclusions are:
(1)New geohazards classification system is put forward.This system is based on the principles of criticality, cause of formation and human effect, which are divided into 3 levels. Above is direct type and potential type, and then divided into 6 sub-types,such as tectonis,gravitation, erosion-cumulus,rock and earth-stratum,sea-air interaction and human activity.
(2)The geohazard map of coastal zone in China is mapped for the first time with a sclae 1:500,000. From YaLu estury to BeiLun estury, the map consists of DaLian breadth, TianJin breadth, QingDao breadth, ShangHai breadth, FuZhou Breadth, TaiWan breadth, GuangZhou Breadth and HaiKou breadth. The map records most geohazards in coasal zone, such as coastal erosion, sea incursion, fault, coast slide, shallow gas and buried channel etc. and shows the geohazards distributed characteristic in China coastal zone.
(3)The evaluation index sysem of coastal geohazards risk is built for the first time which consists of 6 kinds and 5 levels. The 6 kinds are earth-quake zonation, coastal physiognomy zonation, tectonics, burst, human effect and monomeric kind. Based on the criticality, burst difficulty, harmness and danger to human, the 6 kinds each divided into 5 levels. The system gives attention to practiaclity and science and fulfills to the coastal geohazards risk assessment.
(4)The geohazard risk zonation is made in China coastal zone for the first time. According to the zonationa result, the coastal zone in China is divided into 5 levels, that are high risk areas, upper risk areas, middle risk areas, lower risk areas and low risk areas. In the coastal zone of China, there is 1 segment at high risk level which located at the easter part of Taiwan island, and 3 upper risk areas are located at the march with Fujian province and Guangdong province. Another 5 segments are in the low risk level at the north of Hangzhou Bay. Middle and lower risk are mainly level in China coatal zone and scattered at the rest segments in the coastal zone.
引文
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