利用ICESAT激光测高数据监测南极冰盖高程变化的研究
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摘要
极地冰盖消融现象是影响全球气候的主要动态因素之一,它导致全球海平面上升。卫星测高尤其是激光卫星测高是获取极地冰盖高程及其变化的有效手段。ICESAT(Ice、Cloud、and Land Elevation Satellite)卫星是美国NASA( National Aeronautics and Space Administration)地球观测系统(Earth observing system)的一部分,于2003年1月13日由加利福利亚的Vandenberg空军基地发射。ICESAT的主要科学目的是测量冰盖地形及其时变。
本文分析了ICESAT激光测高数据在监测南极冰盖高程变化方面的应用,主要工作和成果如下:
1.系统分析了ICESAT激光测高仪基本原理与应用,详细描述了激光测距和激光脚点定位算法。
2.介绍了ICESAT波形处理算法,并对利用波形参数提取地表分类及地面特征参数的方法进行了分析。
3.分析了ICESAT测高数据的海潮改正、大气延迟改正以等。
4.利用ICESAT测高数据建立了南极冰盖DEM,通过对不同时期数据的对比,分析了南极冰盖高程变化。
5.将ICESAT激光测高数据与南极地区几个GPS站数据进行了比较,分析了其精度和可靠性。
The melting of polar ice sheet is one of the main dynamic factors which affect the global climate change, and contribute to global sea-level rise. Satellite altimetry, specially satellite laser altimetry, has provided useful information about the height and height change of polar ice sheet. ICESAT (Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite) satellite, as part of NASA’s (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) EOS (Earth Observing System), was launched on January 13, 2003 from California's Vandenberg Air Force Base. The main scientific purpose of ICESAT is to measure ice sheet topography and its time varying.
The methods for obtaining height of polar ice sheet height and height change using ICESAT laser altimetry data is presented in this paper. The main works are followed as:
1. Basic principles and applications of the ICESAT laser altimeter are introduced, and the algorithm of laser ranging and footpoint location determination is given.
2. Algorithms of the waveform processing is introduced, the land cover classification and parameters determination of surface characters using ICESAT waveform are also analyzed.
3. Corrections for tides, atmospheric delay correction to ICESAT altimetry data are analyzed.
4. The height of Antarctic ice sheet from ICESAT altimeter data is compared with the GPS data, the accuracy of ICESAT data is estimated.
5. DEM of the Antarctic ice sheet is derived by using ICESAT laser altimeter data, and elevation changes are analyzed by comparing DEM in different periods.
本文分析了ICESAT激光测高数据在监测南极冰盖高程变化方面的应用,主要工作和成果如下:
1.系统分析了ICESAT激光测高仪基本原理与应用,详细描述了激光测距和激光脚点定位算法。
2.介绍了ICESAT波形处理算法,并对利用波形参数提取地表分类及地面特征参数的方法进行了分析。
3.分析了ICESAT测高数据的海潮改正、大气延迟改正以等。
4.利用ICESAT测高数据建立了南极冰盖DEM,通过对不同时期数据的对比,分析了南极冰盖高程变化。
5.将ICESAT激光测高数据与南极地区几个GPS站数据进行了比较,分析了其精度和可靠性。
The melting of polar ice sheet is one of the main dynamic factors which affect the global climate change, and contribute to global sea-level rise. Satellite altimetry, specially satellite laser altimetry, has provided useful information about the height and height change of polar ice sheet. ICESAT (Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite) satellite, as part of NASA’s (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) EOS (Earth Observing System), was launched on January 13, 2003 from California's Vandenberg Air Force Base. The main scientific purpose of ICESAT is to measure ice sheet topography and its time varying.
The methods for obtaining height of polar ice sheet height and height change using ICESAT laser altimetry data is presented in this paper. The main works are followed as:
1. Basic principles and applications of the ICESAT laser altimeter are introduced, and the algorithm of laser ranging and footpoint location determination is given.
2. Algorithms of the waveform processing is introduced, the land cover classification and parameters determination of surface characters using ICESAT waveform are also analyzed.
3. Corrections for tides, atmospheric delay correction to ICESAT altimetry data are analyzed.
4. The height of Antarctic ice sheet from ICESAT altimeter data is compared with the GPS data, the accuracy of ICESAT data is estimated.
5. DEM of the Antarctic ice sheet is derived by using ICESAT laser altimeter data, and elevation changes are analyzed by comparing DEM in different periods.
引文
[1]文汉江,程鹏飞.ICESAT/GLAS激光测高原理及其应用[J].测绘科学,2005,30(5):32-35.
[2]鄂栋臣,徐莹,张小红.星载激光测高及其在极地的应用研究分析[J].极地研究,2006,18(2):148-150.
[3]李松.星载激光发展综述[J].光学与光电技术,2004,2(6):3-6.
[4]范春波,李建成,王丹等.激光高度计卫星ICESAT在地学研究中的应用[J].2005,25(2): 94-97.
[5]周辉,李松.激光测高仪接收信号波形模拟器[J].中国激光,2006, 33(10): 1402-1405.
[6] Anita C. Brenner3, H. Jay Zwally1, Charles R. Bentley2, Bea M. Csathó4, David J. Harding1, Derivation of Range and Range Distributions From Laser Pulse Waveform Analysis for Surface Elevations, Roughness, Slope, and Vegetation Heights. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Wisconsin, Raytheon ITSS/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ohio State University, University of California at San Diego, EG&G/Wallops Flight Facility, University of Maryland at College Park, July.2000.
[7] ICESAT at Brochure, ICESAT Web site at http://icesat .gsfc.nasa.gov/intro.html .
[8] B.E.Schutz. LASER FOOTPRINT LOCATION (GEOLOCATION)AND SURFACE PROFILES. The University of Texas at Austin, October.2002.
[9]胡明城.现代大地测量学的理论及其应用[M].北京:测绘出版社,2003.
[10]樊月波.联合卫星测高数据确定大地水准面的应用和研究[D].中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2002.
[11] Donghui Yi. OCEAN TIDAL LOADING CORRECTIONS. Oceans and Ice Branch, Code 971, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD 20771, February.1999.
[12] T. A. Herring, K. Quinn. ATMOSPHERIC DELAY CORRECTION TO GLAS LASER ALTIMETER RANGES. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, February.1999.
[13]王欢,李松,周辉.地球科学激光测高系统大气延迟修正算法[J].激光技术,2007, 31(2): 169-171.
[14] YANH J. Corrction of troposphere atmospheric delay(Ⅱ): the current main research direction and progress [ J]. Progress in Astornomy, 1996, 14(3):181-190.
[15]唐枫.利用ICESAT海冰数据联合地球重力场模型求定北冰洋地区海冰干舷高[D].武汉大学,2007.
[16]褚永海.卫星测高波形处理理论研究及应用[D].中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2002.
[17] Hieu Duonga, Roderik Lindenbergha, Norbert Pfeiferb and George Vosselman. ICESAT FULL WAVEFORM ALTIMETRY COMPARED TO AIRBORNE LASER ALTIMETRY OVER THE NETHERLANDS. ISPRS Workshop on Laser Scanning 2007 and SilviLaser 2007, Espoo, September 2007,
[18] Hieu Duong,Norbert Pfeifer, Roderik Lindenbergh. Quinn. FULLWAVEFORM ANALYSIS: ICESAT LASER DATA FOR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION. ISPRS Commission VII Mid-term Symposium "Remote Sensing: From Pixels to Processes", Enschede, the Netherlands, 8-11 May 2006.
[19] Duong, H. V, Pfeifer, N, Lindenbergh, R. Analysis of repeated ICESAT full waveform data: methodology and leaf-on / leafoff comparison. In Proceedings:Workshop on 3D Remote Sensing in Forestry, 2006.
[20]黄健熙,吴炳方,曾源,田亦陈.水平和垂直尺度乔、灌、草覆盖度遥感提取研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2005, 20(8):872-878.
[21] Duong, H. V., Pfeifer, N, and Lindenbergh, R. Analysis of repeated ICESat full waveform data: methodology and leaf-on / leafoff comparison. In Proceedings: Workshop on 3D Remote Sensing in Forestry. 2006.
[22] Donghui YI, H. Jay ZWALLY, Xiaoli SUN. ICESAT measurement of Greenland ice sheet surface slope and roughness. Annals of Glaciology, 2005.
[23] Duong, H. V., Pfeifer, N, and Lindenbergh, R. Analysis of repeated ICESat full waveform data:methodology and leaf-on / leafoff comparison.2006.
[24] Fifield, R. International Research in the Antarctic. Oxford University Press, New York, 1987.
[25] Brenner A, J Zwally, C Bentley, B Csatho, D Hard-ing, M Hofton, B Minster, L Roberts, J Saba, RThomas, D Yi. Derivation of Range and Range Distri-butions from Laser Pulse Waveform Analysis for Surface Elevations, Roughness, Slope, and Vegetation Heights [Z]. GLAS ATBD, 2000(7)95-106.
[26] GLAS/ICESAT L1 and L2 Global Altimetry Data. http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/glas_ICESAT_11_12_global_altimetry.gd.html#3
[27]宁津生,邱卫根,陶本藻.地球重力场模型理论.1990,武汉测绘科技大学出版社.
[28]管泽霖,宁津生.地球形状及外部重力场.1980,测绘出版社.
[29] EGM96 Gravity Model.http://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/926/egm96/egm96.html.
[30]史利民,王仁宏.几种基于散乱数据拟合的局部插值方法[J].数学研究与评论,2006,26(2):284-288.
[31]汤国安,杨昕,2006.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程.科学出版社.
[32]刘吉英.东南极Lambert冰川盆地上游物质平衡的时空变化研究[D].上海师范大学,2007.
[33]李建成,范春波,褚永海,张胜凯.ICESAT卫星确定南极冰盖高程模型研究[J].武汉大学学报,2008,33(3):227-229.
[34] Continuous GPS(static)Data from Antarctica. http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0347.html
[35]王清华,鄂栋臣,陈春明等.南极内陆考察路线GPS高精度定位点测量结果分析.极地研究,2001,13(2):129-136.
[2]鄂栋臣,徐莹,张小红.星载激光测高及其在极地的应用研究分析[J].极地研究,2006,18(2):148-150.
[3]李松.星载激光发展综述[J].光学与光电技术,2004,2(6):3-6.
[4]范春波,李建成,王丹等.激光高度计卫星ICESAT在地学研究中的应用[J].2005,25(2): 94-97.
[5]周辉,李松.激光测高仪接收信号波形模拟器[J].中国激光,2006, 33(10): 1402-1405.
[6] Anita C. Brenner3, H. Jay Zwally1, Charles R. Bentley2, Bea M. Csathó4, David J. Harding1, Derivation of Range and Range Distributions From Laser Pulse Waveform Analysis for Surface Elevations, Roughness, Slope, and Vegetation Heights. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Wisconsin, Raytheon ITSS/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ohio State University, University of California at San Diego, EG&G/Wallops Flight Facility, University of Maryland at College Park, July.2000.
[7] ICESAT at Brochure, ICESAT Web site at http://icesat .gsfc.nasa.gov/intro.html .
[8] B.E.Schutz. LASER FOOTPRINT LOCATION (GEOLOCATION)AND SURFACE PROFILES. The University of Texas at Austin, October.2002.
[9]胡明城.现代大地测量学的理论及其应用[M].北京:测绘出版社,2003.
[10]樊月波.联合卫星测高数据确定大地水准面的应用和研究[D].中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2002.
[11] Donghui Yi. OCEAN TIDAL LOADING CORRECTIONS. Oceans and Ice Branch, Code 971, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD 20771, February.1999.
[12] T. A. Herring, K. Quinn. ATMOSPHERIC DELAY CORRECTION TO GLAS LASER ALTIMETER RANGES. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, February.1999.
[13]王欢,李松,周辉.地球科学激光测高系统大气延迟修正算法[J].激光技术,2007, 31(2): 169-171.
[14] YANH J. Corrction of troposphere atmospheric delay(Ⅱ): the current main research direction and progress [ J]. Progress in Astornomy, 1996, 14(3):181-190.
[15]唐枫.利用ICESAT海冰数据联合地球重力场模型求定北冰洋地区海冰干舷高[D].武汉大学,2007.
[16]褚永海.卫星测高波形处理理论研究及应用[D].中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2002.
[17] Hieu Duonga, Roderik Lindenbergha, Norbert Pfeiferb and George Vosselman. ICESAT FULL WAVEFORM ALTIMETRY COMPARED TO AIRBORNE LASER ALTIMETRY OVER THE NETHERLANDS. ISPRS Workshop on Laser Scanning 2007 and SilviLaser 2007, Espoo, September 2007,
[18] Hieu Duong,Norbert Pfeifer, Roderik Lindenbergh. Quinn. FULLWAVEFORM ANALYSIS: ICESAT LASER DATA FOR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION. ISPRS Commission VII Mid-term Symposium "Remote Sensing: From Pixels to Processes", Enschede, the Netherlands, 8-11 May 2006.
[19] Duong, H. V, Pfeifer, N, Lindenbergh, R. Analysis of repeated ICESAT full waveform data: methodology and leaf-on / leafoff comparison. In Proceedings:Workshop on 3D Remote Sensing in Forestry, 2006.
[20]黄健熙,吴炳方,曾源,田亦陈.水平和垂直尺度乔、灌、草覆盖度遥感提取研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2005, 20(8):872-878.
[21] Duong, H. V., Pfeifer, N, and Lindenbergh, R. Analysis of repeated ICESat full waveform data: methodology and leaf-on / leafoff comparison. In Proceedings: Workshop on 3D Remote Sensing in Forestry. 2006.
[22] Donghui YI, H. Jay ZWALLY, Xiaoli SUN. ICESAT measurement of Greenland ice sheet surface slope and roughness. Annals of Glaciology, 2005.
[23] Duong, H. V., Pfeifer, N, and Lindenbergh, R. Analysis of repeated ICESat full waveform data:methodology and leaf-on / leafoff comparison.2006.
[24] Fifield, R. International Research in the Antarctic. Oxford University Press, New York, 1987.
[25] Brenner A, J Zwally, C Bentley, B Csatho, D Hard-ing, M Hofton, B Minster, L Roberts, J Saba, RThomas, D Yi. Derivation of Range and Range Distri-butions from Laser Pulse Waveform Analysis for Surface Elevations, Roughness, Slope, and Vegetation Heights [Z]. GLAS ATBD, 2000(7)95-106.
[26] GLAS/ICESAT L1 and L2 Global Altimetry Data. http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/glas_ICESAT_11_12_global_altimetry.gd.html#3
[27]宁津生,邱卫根,陶本藻.地球重力场模型理论.1990,武汉测绘科技大学出版社.
[28]管泽霖,宁津生.地球形状及外部重力场.1980,测绘出版社.
[29] EGM96 Gravity Model.http://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/926/egm96/egm96.html.
[30]史利民,王仁宏.几种基于散乱数据拟合的局部插值方法[J].数学研究与评论,2006,26(2):284-288.
[31]汤国安,杨昕,2006.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程.科学出版社.
[32]刘吉英.东南极Lambert冰川盆地上游物质平衡的时空变化研究[D].上海师范大学,2007.
[33]李建成,范春波,褚永海,张胜凯.ICESAT卫星确定南极冰盖高程模型研究[J].武汉大学学报,2008,33(3):227-229.
[34] Continuous GPS(static)Data from Antarctica. http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0347.html
[35]王清华,鄂栋臣,陈春明等.南极内陆考察路线GPS高精度定位点测量结果分析.极地研究,2001,13(2):129-136.