东疆地区晚古生代古环境恢复
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摘要
地层分区的建立和地层单位的划分对比是研究古环境的基础。因此笔者首先将东疆地区划归北疆兴安地层大区,包括三个地层分区,五个地层小区。然后进行了岩石地层单位的清理并建立了晚古生代岩石地层序列表,划分了各组的沉积相并以颜色特征标识于所建立的地层序列表。此外还对存在争议的岩石地层单位卡拉岗组、哈尔加乌组的时代和上下接触关系进行了重点研究,将卡拉岗组置于亚丁斯克阶,下伏哈尔加乌组置于阿瑟尔阶-萨克马尔阶。
古环境的恢复主要包括沉积环境分析、生物古地理分析和古气候分析三个方面。在地层工作的基础上,笔者结合野外实测工作和钻井资料,绘制20余幅地层柱状图,进行沉积相的划分,分析各地层单元的沉积特征,划分海陆环境。
其次,根据生物古地理学理论,利用野外化石样品和前人资料,对研究区内生物组合特征加以研究,确定不同时代不同地区古生物的生物古地理归属。
其次,笔者借助碳氧同位素分析,结合对沉积环境的认识,以及生物的组合特征,结合生物古地理的分析结果,对研究区各时代的古气候变化进行研究,得出不同时代的古气候特征。
最后,综合地层、沉积环境分析、生物古地理研究、古气候研究的认识,绘制了7幅古地理图。
The research on paleoenvironment is based on the work of stratigraphic regionalization and stratigraphic division. For this, the author firstly put Eastern Xinjiang into Beijiang-Xingan stratigraphic superprovince, with a clearly understanding of the regional platectonics as the prerequisite, and divided it into 3 stratigraphic provinces,5 stratigraphic provinces. Secondly, the lithostratigraphic units sequence was established after the work of lithostratigraphic units cleaning. Using different color, the author also managed to mark the sedimentary facies of every lithostratigraphic unit in the stratigraphic sequence table. Thirdly, some controversial lithostratigraphic units such as Kalagang Formation and Haerjiawu Formation, were discussed about their age and the relationships with the upper and lower stratums. Kalagang Formation could be located to Artingskian while the Haerjiawu Formation was considered beneath Kalagang Formation, and its time period should be Asselian-Sakmarian.
The restoration of paleoenvironment includes three aspects, the analysis of sedimentary environment, the research of paleobioogeography, the analysis of paleoclimate. Based on the stratigrpahic works, the author drawed more than 20 stratigraphic columns to determine sedimentary facies, confirm the sedimentary character, demarcated the ocean and land.
Secondly, following the analysis of fossil samples collected in the field and according to the study on previous materials, the biological assemblage features of the research region were studied in detail. The paleogeographic attribution of palaeobios in different period was work out.
Thirdly, means of experiment including X-ray powder diffraction as well as carbon and oxygen isotope analyzing were applied so as to get a clear viewpoint of the paleoclimate in different period.
Finally, based on the study of stratums, the sedimentary environment, the paleobiogeography, the paleoclimate, the author drawed 7 paleogeographic maps.
古环境的恢复主要包括沉积环境分析、生物古地理分析和古气候分析三个方面。在地层工作的基础上,笔者结合野外实测工作和钻井资料,绘制20余幅地层柱状图,进行沉积相的划分,分析各地层单元的沉积特征,划分海陆环境。
其次,根据生物古地理学理论,利用野外化石样品和前人资料,对研究区内生物组合特征加以研究,确定不同时代不同地区古生物的生物古地理归属。
其次,笔者借助碳氧同位素分析,结合对沉积环境的认识,以及生物的组合特征,结合生物古地理的分析结果,对研究区各时代的古气候变化进行研究,得出不同时代的古气候特征。
最后,综合地层、沉积环境分析、生物古地理研究、古气候研究的认识,绘制了7幅古地理图。
The research on paleoenvironment is based on the work of stratigraphic regionalization and stratigraphic division. For this, the author firstly put Eastern Xinjiang into Beijiang-Xingan stratigraphic superprovince, with a clearly understanding of the regional platectonics as the prerequisite, and divided it into 3 stratigraphic provinces,5 stratigraphic provinces. Secondly, the lithostratigraphic units sequence was established after the work of lithostratigraphic units cleaning. Using different color, the author also managed to mark the sedimentary facies of every lithostratigraphic unit in the stratigraphic sequence table. Thirdly, some controversial lithostratigraphic units such as Kalagang Formation and Haerjiawu Formation, were discussed about their age and the relationships with the upper and lower stratums. Kalagang Formation could be located to Artingskian while the Haerjiawu Formation was considered beneath Kalagang Formation, and its time period should be Asselian-Sakmarian.
The restoration of paleoenvironment includes three aspects, the analysis of sedimentary environment, the research of paleobioogeography, the analysis of paleoclimate. Based on the stratigrpahic works, the author drawed more than 20 stratigraphic columns to determine sedimentary facies, confirm the sedimentary character, demarcated the ocean and land.
Secondly, following the analysis of fossil samples collected in the field and according to the study on previous materials, the biological assemblage features of the research region were studied in detail. The paleogeographic attribution of palaeobios in different period was work out.
Thirdly, means of experiment including X-ray powder diffraction as well as carbon and oxygen isotope analyzing were applied so as to get a clear viewpoint of the paleoclimate in different period.
Finally, based on the study of stratums, the sedimentary environment, the paleobiogeography, the paleoclimate, the author drawed 7 paleogeographic maps.
引文
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[11]俞建章,林英铴,黄柱熙,蔡土赐.新疆东部早石炭世地层及珊瑚[J].地层古生物论文集(第五辑),1978.
[12]周守沄.新疆石炭纪古地理[J].新疆地质,2000,18(4)：324-329.
[13]郭福祥.新疆古生代构造-生物古地理[J].新疆地质,2001,19(1)：20-26.
[14]J. Robbert Dodd, Robbert, J. Stanton JR著,徐珊红,钱文龙,王雪等译.生态学概念与应用[M].南京：南京大学出版社,1989.
[15]杨式溥.古生态学—原理与方法[M].北京：地质出版社,1993.
[16]李守军.古生态学[M].东营：石油大学出版社,1995.
[17]欧阳舒,周宇星,王智,詹家祯.论新疆北部晚石炭世早期(Bashkirian-Moscovian)具肋花粉优势(GSPD)组合的发现[J].古生物学报,1994,33(1)：24-47.
[18]中国科学院新疆综合考察队.新疆地貌.北京[M]：科学出版社,1978.
[19]肖序常,汤耀庆,冯益民,朱宝清,李锦轶,赵民.新疆北部及其邻区大地构造[M].北京：地质出版社,1992.
[20]新疆维吾尔自治区区域地层编写组.西北地区区域地层表-新疆维吾尔自治区分册[M].北京：地质出版社,1981.
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[22]蔡士赐等.新疆维吾尔自治区岩石地层[M].武汉：中国地质大学出版社,1999.
[23]陈庚保,杨城芳,董致中,尹济云.再论石炭_二叠系界线及古地磁学的证据[J].地层学杂志,1996,20(1)：51-57.
[24]萨尔瓦多.国际地层指南[M].北京：地质出版社,2000,1-169.
[25]Chernikh V V, Ritter S M, Wardlaw B R. Streptognathodus isolatusn. sp. (Conodonta):proposed index for the Carboniferous-Permian boundary. Jour. Paleont.,1997,71(1):162-164
[26]木合塔尔·扎日.沙尔布尔山卡拉岗组地质时代的确定[J].新疆工学院学报,1994,15(2)：127-131.
[27]刘洪福,尹凤娟.新疆三塘湖盆地卡拉岗组时代问题商榷[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版)[J],2001,31(6)：496-499.
[28]汪啸风,陈孝红.中国各地质时代地层划分与对比[M].北京：地质出版社,2005.
[29]谭绿贵,周涛发,袁峰,范裕,岳书仓.新疆西准噶尔卡拉岗组火山岩40Ar-39Ar年龄[J].地质科学,2007,42(3)：579-586.
[30]刘鸿允.中国古地理图[M].北京：科学出版社,1955,1-69.
[31]王鸿祯.中国古地理图集[M].北京：地图出版社,1985,41-130.
[32]刘宝珺,许效松.中国南方岩相古地理图集[M].北京：科学出版社,1994,1-188.
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