基于Globus Toolkit 4.0的空间信息服务的实现
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摘要
计算机网络技术和分布式计算技术的迅猛发展为地理系统向大众化、分布式、网络化的空间信息服务的演变提供了技术基础。空间信息的多样性、动态性、异构性、海量性、分布性等都对传统的Internet环境下空间信息服务提出了新的挑战。目前对于空间信息服务的研究,主要是以Web Service为技术框架,依据OGC制定空间信息服务的一些规范,如WMS,WFS,WCS等。它们在实现空间信息共享与互操作方面起到了一定的作用,但是在对海量分布式空间数据的处理以及为用户提供一体化和透明的服务方法上遇到了许多难以克服的困难,不能从根本上解决“数字地球”战略的实时处理和信息共享问题。网格的出现和发展为空间信息资源的有效利用和共享提供了一个可靠的环境。网格是在网络之上运行的以实现资源共享和协作为目标的软件基础设施,它提供了一种集成的资源和服务的环境。
本文将网格技术应用到空间信息服务领域,研究利用网格技术解决空间信息共享的问题。论文第一章论述了基于网格技术的空间数据共享研究的意义,叙述了当今国内外网格技术及其在空间数据共享应用中的研究现状;第二章介绍了地理信息共享的相关技术和规范,主要包括Web Service、WebGIS、网格、OpenGIS以及GridGIS的基本概念和内容,并讨论了它们对空间数据共享所起到的作用和价值。第三章介绍了网格中间件Globus Toolkit4.0核心组件及其原理;第四、五章是本文的主要研究内容,包括以下两个方面:
其一,设计和实现了基于网格技术的地图服务的原型系统。该原型系统的研究主要从以下几个方面来设计和实现的:(1)采用了网格中间件Globus Toolkit 4.0构建了一个分布式异构环境下的地图服务平台;(2)通过构建网格服务将OGC Web Services封装成空间信息网格服务,实现了地图服务与网格技术的结合,完成了由OGC制定的OGIS规范定义的WMS的简单功能。
其二,设计了基于分布式异构环境中空间数据存储与发布的体系架构,主要完成了地理数据的存储、转换、传输和显示工作,基本实现了WFS的功能。重点研究了空间数据在Oracle 10g中存储的原理和方法。整个系统基于GML和SOAP两个技术设计和实现,为网格节点和用户提供了透明的数据访问机制。
With the rapid development of computer network technologies and distributed computing technologies, geographic information systems are being migrated to popular, distributed, and web-based geospatial information services. The characteristics of diversity, dynamic, heterogeneity, massive data volume and distribution of geospatial information under Internet environment are challenging the traditional geospatial information services. Currently most researches on geospatial information services are based on Web Services, according to the specifications of geospatial information services established by OCG such as WMS, WFS, WCS. These technologies have made great progresses in the sharing and interoperability of geospatial information. But there are many unconquerable problems such as the process of the distributed massive spatial data, providing integrated and transparent services. As a result, the requirement of the digital earth stratagem will not be ultimately reached, such as real time disposal, information sharing. The appearance and development of grid computiong provide a reliable environment for the sharing and effective utilization of geospatial information resources. Grid is a software insfrastucture for resource share and cooperation running on network, and provides the environment for the integration of resources and services.
In order to study and resolve the problems of geospatial information sharing, grid technology is imported into the domain of geospatial information services in this dissertation. In Chapter 1, the significance of spatial data sharing based on grid computing technology is disscussed and the latest status of scientific research about grid computing technology and its application on the aspect of spatial data sharing in the world are introduced. In Chapter 2, the technologies and specifications about geographic information sharing is introduced, mostly including Web Service, WebGIS, grid technology, OpenGIS and GridGIS. In addition, their value in the spatial data sharing is disscused. In Chapter 3, the theory of the core modules of grid middleware Golbus Toolkit4.0 is analyzed in detail. The uppermost research contents in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, witch mostly involves the following two parts respectively:
Firstly, a prototype about map service based on grid technology is devised and implemented. In this prototype, 1) the map service platform based on distributed and heterogenous environment is designed by using grid middleware Globus Toolkit 4.0; 2) OGC Web Service is encapsulated into geospatial information grid service which accomplishes the integration of map service and grid technology and implements WMS.based on OGIS and grid.
Secondly, the architecture of spatial data storing and publishing based on the distributed and inhomogeneous platform is designed. The storage, transition, transfers and display of GIS data are basically accomplished. The function of WFS based on grid is implemented. In addition, the theory and method of spatial data storing in Oracle 10g is markedly clarified.The whole system is devised and implemented relying on GML and SOAP, which provides transparent mechanism of data access.
本文将网格技术应用到空间信息服务领域,研究利用网格技术解决空间信息共享的问题。论文第一章论述了基于网格技术的空间数据共享研究的意义,叙述了当今国内外网格技术及其在空间数据共享应用中的研究现状;第二章介绍了地理信息共享的相关技术和规范,主要包括Web Service、WebGIS、网格、OpenGIS以及GridGIS的基本概念和内容,并讨论了它们对空间数据共享所起到的作用和价值。第三章介绍了网格中间件Globus Toolkit4.0核心组件及其原理;第四、五章是本文的主要研究内容,包括以下两个方面:
其一,设计和实现了基于网格技术的地图服务的原型系统。该原型系统的研究主要从以下几个方面来设计和实现的:(1)采用了网格中间件Globus Toolkit 4.0构建了一个分布式异构环境下的地图服务平台;(2)通过构建网格服务将OGC Web Services封装成空间信息网格服务,实现了地图服务与网格技术的结合,完成了由OGC制定的OGIS规范定义的WMS的简单功能。
其二,设计了基于分布式异构环境中空间数据存储与发布的体系架构,主要完成了地理数据的存储、转换、传输和显示工作,基本实现了WFS的功能。重点研究了空间数据在Oracle 10g中存储的原理和方法。整个系统基于GML和SOAP两个技术设计和实现,为网格节点和用户提供了透明的数据访问机制。
With the rapid development of computer network technologies and distributed computing technologies, geographic information systems are being migrated to popular, distributed, and web-based geospatial information services. The characteristics of diversity, dynamic, heterogeneity, massive data volume and distribution of geospatial information under Internet environment are challenging the traditional geospatial information services. Currently most researches on geospatial information services are based on Web Services, according to the specifications of geospatial information services established by OCG such as WMS, WFS, WCS. These technologies have made great progresses in the sharing and interoperability of geospatial information. But there are many unconquerable problems such as the process of the distributed massive spatial data, providing integrated and transparent services. As a result, the requirement of the digital earth stratagem will not be ultimately reached, such as real time disposal, information sharing. The appearance and development of grid computiong provide a reliable environment for the sharing and effective utilization of geospatial information resources. Grid is a software insfrastucture for resource share and cooperation running on network, and provides the environment for the integration of resources and services.
In order to study and resolve the problems of geospatial information sharing, grid technology is imported into the domain of geospatial information services in this dissertation. In Chapter 1, the significance of spatial data sharing based on grid computing technology is disscussed and the latest status of scientific research about grid computing technology and its application on the aspect of spatial data sharing in the world are introduced. In Chapter 2, the technologies and specifications about geographic information sharing is introduced, mostly including Web Service, WebGIS, grid technology, OpenGIS and GridGIS. In addition, their value in the spatial data sharing is disscused. In Chapter 3, the theory of the core modules of grid middleware Golbus Toolkit4.0 is analyzed in detail. The uppermost research contents in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, witch mostly involves the following two parts respectively:
Firstly, a prototype about map service based on grid technology is devised and implemented. In this prototype, 1) the map service platform based on distributed and heterogenous environment is designed by using grid middleware Globus Toolkit 4.0; 2) OGC Web Service is encapsulated into geospatial information grid service which accomplishes the integration of map service and grid technology and implements WMS.based on OGIS and grid.
Secondly, the architecture of spatial data storing and publishing based on the distributed and inhomogeneous platform is designed. The storage, transition, transfers and display of GIS data are basically accomplished. The function of WFS based on grid is implemented. In addition, the theory and method of spatial data storing in Oracle 10g is markedly clarified.The whole system is devised and implemented relying on GML and SOAP, which provides transparent mechanism of data access.
引文
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[36] GT4.0 GridFTP, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/data/gridftp/index.pdf
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[42] GT4.0: Information Services: Aggregator, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/info/aggregator/index.pdf
[43] GT4.0 WS MDS WebMDS, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/info/webmds/index.pdf
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[2] 沈占锋,骆剑承,陈秋晓,网格 GIS 系统设计及其在遥感图像处理上的应用. 计算机应用研究.2004
[3] 庞太刚,陶 程,Java Web 服务开发. 清华大学出版社, 2004
[4] Fabio Arciniegas 著,天宏工作室 译. XML 开发指南. 清华大学出版社,2003
[5] Scott Short 著,戴荣,马方平,吴健,译. 构建 XML Web 服务——基于Microsoft.NET 平台. 清华大学出版社,2002
[6] 邬伦,刘瑜,张晶,马修军,韦中亚,田原,地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用. 科学出版社,2005
[7] 胡晓苏,张少华,译.网格计算.清华大学出版社.2005
[8] 樊宁,网格体系结构概述. http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/grid/gr-fann/
[9] 余旭,GML3.0 及其在空间数据共享和互操作中的应用. 测绘工程,2003
[10] 罗显刚,谢忠,徐欣,基于 GML 的 WMS 研究与实现. 计算机应用,2004
[11] 冯琰,施一民,开放式地理信息系统(OpenGIS)与互操作技术分析. 测绘工程,2002
[12] 王铮,吴兵,GridGIS——基于网格计算的地理信息系统. 计算机工程,2003
[13] Ian Foster,Globus Toolkit Version 4: Software for Service-Oriented Systems. http://www.chinagrid.net/dvnews/show.aspx?id=1567&cid=50
[14] 何建邦 ,闾国年 ,吴平生 ,等 .地理信息共享法研究 .北京 :科学出版社 ,2000
[15] 卢泽洋,基于 ArcIMS 的生物多样性管理 WEB GIS 开发. 林业资源管理,2006
[16] 孟艳红,基于 ArcIMS 的 WebGIS 系统应用研究. 新疆大学,2004
[17] 黄康,史舟,ArcIMS 原理分析及应用开发. 地球信息科学,2005
[18] 黄明,陈哲,Oracle9i 空间数据存储的研究. 测绘与空间地理信息,2006
[19] 陈继宁,张晓东,Oracle Spatial 和 ArcSDE 的应用比较研究. 遥感信息,2005
[20] Oracle Spatial User’s Guide and Reference 10g Release2 (10.2), http://infolab.usc.edu/csci585/Spring2006/Docs/B14255_01.pdf
[21] Cay S.Horstmann,Gary Cornell 著,王建华,董志敏,杨保明,译. 最新 Java 2核心技术. 机械工业出版社,2004
[22] 李新通 ,何建邦 .GIS 互操作与 OGC 规范 .地理信息世界 ,2003,Vol.01,No.5
[23] 黄 裕 霞 ,陈 常 松 ,何 建 邦 .GIS 互 操 作 及 其 体 系 结 构 .地 理 研 究 ,2000,Vol.19
[24] 高刚毅 .分布式地理信息系统研究 :[博士学位论文 ].杭州 :浙江大学 ,2004
[25] Open GIS Consortium Inc. OGC 02-056r1. OpenGIS Web Services Architecture. Version: 0.3 (2003-01-18), http://www.opengeospatial.org/docs/03-025.pdf
[26] Open GIS Consortium, Inc. OGC 03-050r1. OpenGIS Web Map Server Cookbook. Version: 1.0.1 (August 18 2003), http://www.ogcnetwork.org/docs/03-050r1.pdf
[27] Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC 04-094. Web Festure Service Implementation Specification. Version: 1.1.0 (3 May 2005), https://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=8339
[28] ArcIms4 Architecture and Functionality. An ESRI White Paper, May 2003.http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/buffgis/arcims4_architecture.pdf
[29] S.Tuecke, I. Forter, S. Graham, et al. Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI). Version 1.0 (June 27, 2003) http://xml.coverpages.org/OGSI-SpecificationV110.pdf
[30] ArcXMLGuide:ArcXML Programmer’s Reference Guide ArcIMS4, http://downloads.esri.com/support/downloads/ims/ArcXMLGuide.pdf
[31] The Globus Toolkit 4 Programmer’s Tutorial,http://gdp.globus.org/gt4-tutorial/
[32] The Globus Toolkit 4 Primer, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/key/GT4_Primer_0.6.pdf
[33] GT4 Admin Guide, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/admin/docbook/admin.pdf
[34] GT4 Java WS Core, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/common/javawscore/index.pdf
[35] GT4.0 RFT Service, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/data/rft/index.pdf
[36] GT4.0 GridFTP, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/data/gridftp/index.pdf
[37] GT4.0 RLS, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/data/rls/index.pdf
[38] GT4.0 Tech Preview: OGSA-DAI, http://www.globus.org./toolkit/docs/4.0/techpreview/ogsadai/index.pdf
[39] GT4.0 Tech Preview: Data Replication Service (DRS), http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/techpreview/datarep/index.pdf
[40] GT4.0: Information Services: Index,http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/info/index/index.pdf
[41] GT4.0 WS MDS Trigger Service, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/info/trigger/index.pdf
[42] GT4.0: Information Services: Aggregator, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/info/aggregator/index.pdf
[43] GT4.0 WS MDS WebMDS, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/info/webmds/index.pdf
[44] GT4.0 WS GRAM, http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/execution/wsgram/index.pdf
[45] Zhanfen Shen, Jiancheng Luo, Architecture design of grid GIS and its applications on image processing based on LAN, http://www.lreis.ac.cn/article/2003shenzf.pdf
[46] Thomas Hamel, CNES Globus Toolkit V4 and OGC/WMS, http://wgiss.eogeo.org/meetings/wgiss20/Tech%20&%20Servs/GRID/gridWMS.pdf
[47] Oracle Spatial Java Library User’s Guide Release 8.1.6, http://www.geo.unizh.ch/oai/spatialdb/sdoapi/sdoapi.pdf
[48] 蔡少华,骆剑承,陈秋晓,等. 网格 GIS 中的 GML 语言技术与设计框架. 地球信息科学 2003,5(3).
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