济南市地下水资源调查及开发应用研究
摘要
地下水资源要走可持续发展道路,是否合理的配置利用水资源决定了全市经济社会发展的兴衰。济南要保持住泉城的特色,让济南人民喝上优质的泉水,就要在保护地下水资源情况的基础上合理调配水资源的使用结构。充分的利用地表水和引调水,使其用作对水质要求不高的工业和农业灌溉,将优质的地下水置换出来供给市民引用,这是实行分质供水的最终目的。
本文基于对地下水、地表水和引调水水资源现状的调查、加工和整理,对分质供水的必要性和开展情况进一步明确,形成了以下几点结论：
(1)根据济南市的实际情况,开展了地下水使用情况、地表水使用情况、引调水情况和地下水水源地情况调查,实地填写调查表。通过准确详实的数据,总结出济南市目前各类水资源的使用情况,特别是不同用途的用水量情况。
(2)初步计算出了通过农业节水措施和水源置换,年可用作分质供水的水资源量。分析了在现有基础上,如何既保护,又合理利用地下水资源。
(3)分析了国家饮用水水质的标准,从检验项目的不同要求提高水质,通过严格管理和监测,能够实现提供优质地下水,分质供水的目的。
(4)分析了济南市现有分质供水的情况,提出了现阶段存在的问题。为将来大规模的分质供水工程建设,提供建议。
To sustainable development of groundwater resources, reasonable configuration of the utilization of water resources determines the rise and fall of the city's economic and social development. To hold the characteristics of the springs, jinan make people drink high quality jinan springs, is on the protection of groundwater resources is the use of the reasonable deployment of water resources on the basis of the structure. Fully utilization of surface water and water diversion, so that it is used for the industrial and agricultural irrigation water quality requirement is not high, to the supply of high quality groundwater replacement out for public reference, this is the final purpose of water supply.
In this paper, based on the groundwater, surface water and water diversion of the investigation of the status quo of the water resources, processing and finishing, necessity and to carry out the condition of water supply has further defined, has formed the following conclusions:
(1) according to the actual situation of jinan, carried out the usage of groundwater, surface water usage, water diversion conditions and groundwater water source investigation, field to fill in the questionnaire. Through accurate detailed data, summed up the jinan current usage of all kinds of water resources, especially the different USES of water.
(2) to calculate the initial through agricultural water saving measures and water displacement, the amount of water can be used as a water supply. Analyzed on the basis of existing, how to both protect and rational utilization of groundwater resources.
(3) analyzed the national drinking water standards, from the different requirements of inspection items to improve water quality, through the strict management and monitoring, and provide quality groundwater, can achieve the purpose of water supply.
(4) analyzed the jinan water supply situation, existing problems at this stage are put forward. For future large-scale water supply project construction, and provide Suggestions.
本文基于对地下水、地表水和引调水水资源现状的调查、加工和整理,对分质供水的必要性和开展情况进一步明确,形成了以下几点结论：
(1)根据济南市的实际情况,开展了地下水使用情况、地表水使用情况、引调水情况和地下水水源地情况调查,实地填写调查表。通过准确详实的数据,总结出济南市目前各类水资源的使用情况,特别是不同用途的用水量情况。
(2)初步计算出了通过农业节水措施和水源置换,年可用作分质供水的水资源量。分析了在现有基础上,如何既保护,又合理利用地下水资源。
(3)分析了国家饮用水水质的标准,从检验项目的不同要求提高水质,通过严格管理和监测,能够实现提供优质地下水,分质供水的目的。
(4)分析了济南市现有分质供水的情况,提出了现阶段存在的问题。为将来大规模的分质供水工程建设,提供建议。
To sustainable development of groundwater resources, reasonable configuration of the utilization of water resources determines the rise and fall of the city's economic and social development. To hold the characteristics of the springs, jinan make people drink high quality jinan springs, is on the protection of groundwater resources is the use of the reasonable deployment of water resources on the basis of the structure. Fully utilization of surface water and water diversion, so that it is used for the industrial and agricultural irrigation water quality requirement is not high, to the supply of high quality groundwater replacement out for public reference, this is the final purpose of water supply.
In this paper, based on the groundwater, surface water and water diversion of the investigation of the status quo of the water resources, processing and finishing, necessity and to carry out the condition of water supply has further defined, has formed the following conclusions:
(1) according to the actual situation of jinan, carried out the usage of groundwater, surface water usage, water diversion conditions and groundwater water source investigation, field to fill in the questionnaire. Through accurate detailed data, summed up the jinan current usage of all kinds of water resources, especially the different USES of water.
(2) to calculate the initial through agricultural water saving measures and water displacement, the amount of water can be used as a water supply. Analyzed on the basis of existing, how to both protect and rational utilization of groundwater resources.
(3) analyzed the national drinking water standards, from the different requirements of inspection items to improve water quality, through the strict management and monitoring, and provide quality groundwater, can achieve the purpose of water supply.
(4) analyzed the jinan water supply situation, existing problems at this stage are put forward. For future large-scale water supply project construction, and provide Suggestions.
引文
[1]卞建民,杨建强.水资源可持续利用评价的指标体系研究,水土保持通报,2000,20(4)
[2]陈家琦.水安全保障问题浅议,自然资源学报,2002,17(3)
[3]金光炎.地下水文学初步与地下水资源评价,东南大学出版社,2009
[4]Varis O,Lahtela V.Integrated water resources management along the Senegal River: Introducing an analytical framework[J].Water Resources Development,2002,18(4):501-521.
[5]季学武.水文分析计算与水资源评价,水利水电出版社.2008
[6]王现国.地下水资源保护研究,黄河水利出版社.2012
[7]刘文君,施周.水质与水处理公共供水技术手册(第五版).中国建筑工业出版社.2008
[8]陈家琦,王浩,杨小柳.水资源学,北京：科学出版社,2002
[9]陈绍金,对水安全文化建设的思考,中国水利,2004(13)
[10]张岳,刘钰.加快建立我国农业节水保障体系的对策和建议,中国水利,2002.3
[11]朱尔明,赵广和.中国水利发展战略研究,北京：中国水利水电出版社,2002
[12]左其亭陈曦,面向可持续发展的水资源规划与管理,北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003
[13]姚治君等,区域水资源承载力的研究进展及其理论探析,水科学进展,2002(1)
[14]I. E. Mikhailov. Trajectory and Length of Sedimentation Path of Suspended Solids in Desilt Basins with Different Bottom Slopes[J]. Power Technology and Engineering,2002,36(1):48-52
[15]吴季松,水资源及其管理的研究与应用,北京：中国水利水电出版社,2000
[16]翁文斌,王忠静,赵建世编著,现代水资源规划——理论、方法和技术,北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[17]王琳,杨鲁豫,王宝贞,城市水资源短缺与雨水收集利用,给水排水,2001,27(2)
[18]唐华俊主编,农业资源利用与区域可持续发展研究,北京：中国农业科技出版社,2000
[19]石玉林,卢良恕主编,中国农业需水与节水高效农业建设,北京：中国水利水电出版社,2001
[20]钱易,刘昌明,邵益生主编,中国城市水资源可持续利用开发利用,北京：中国水利水电出版社,2002
[21]闵庆文,成升魁,全球化背景下的中国水资源安全与对策,资源科学,2002,24(4)
[22]姜文来,王华东,我国水资源价值研究的现状及展望,地理学与国土研究,1996,12(1)
[23]T.C.Paul, S.K.Sayal, V.S.Sakhuja,and G.S.Dbiuon. Vortex-settling basin design consid-erations [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,117(2):172-189
[24]Anwar H O Turbulent flow in a vortex[J] Journal of Hydraulic Research,1969,7
[25]Cecen, K.Hydraulic criteria of settling basins for water treatment, hydropower and irrigation. Proc.l7th Congress of the Int. Assoc. of Hydr.Res.,BadenBaden,West Germany,1977:275-294
[26]Cecen,K. and Akmandor,N..Circular settling basins with horizontal floor. MAG Report No 183,TETAK, Ankara,Turkey,1973
[27]Chrysostomou,V..Vertex-type settling basin. Thesis presented to the University of Southampton, at Southampton, England,in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science
[28]Paul,T.E.,Sakhuja,V.S., and Dhillon,G.S..Analytical models for freesurface air-core vortex. Indian J. of Power and River Valley Development,37(8/9):161-170
[29]姜文来,王华东,我国水资源价值研究的现状及展望,地理学与国土研究,1996,12(1)：
[30]陈美丹,姚琪.WASP水质模型及其研究进展[J].水利科技与经济,2006，12(7)：420-422
[31]田玮,王平.地表水质模型应用研究现状与趋势[J].现代农业科技,2008,(3)：194-195
[32]李圭白.水质工程学.2005-07-01.中国建筑工业出版社
[33]李振东.城市供水排水水质监测管理,中国建筑工业出版社,2007.1
[34]刘文君.水质与水处理公共供水技术手册.中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[35]刘文君.饮用水水质对身体健康影响,中国环境科学出版社,2003.6
[36]任君,王刚.城市饮水水质评价与分析,中国环境科学出版社,2008.9
[37]刘学功.城市水环境改善与水源保护技术2012.3
[38]郝俊国.城市水环境治理理论与技术2012.4
[39]张建军.黄河水环境承载能力研究及应用,2008.12
[40]薛惠锋.水资源与水环境系统工程,国防工业出版社
[41]辛志伟.区域水环境综合解析与管理策略,中国环境科学出版社,2009.8
[42]李程.我国分质供水选择方法的思考,山西建筑,2008.8
[2]陈家琦.水安全保障问题浅议,自然资源学报,2002,17(3)
[3]金光炎.地下水文学初步与地下水资源评价,东南大学出版社,2009
[4]Varis O,Lahtela V.Integrated water resources management along the Senegal River: Introducing an analytical framework[J].Water Resources Development,2002,18(4):501-521.
[5]季学武.水文分析计算与水资源评价,水利水电出版社.2008
[6]王现国.地下水资源保护研究,黄河水利出版社.2012
[7]刘文君,施周.水质与水处理公共供水技术手册(第五版).中国建筑工业出版社.2008
[8]陈家琦,王浩,杨小柳.水资源学,北京：科学出版社,2002
[9]陈绍金,对水安全文化建设的思考,中国水利,2004(13)
[10]张岳,刘钰.加快建立我国农业节水保障体系的对策和建议,中国水利,2002.3
[11]朱尔明,赵广和.中国水利发展战略研究,北京：中国水利水电出版社,2002
[12]左其亭陈曦,面向可持续发展的水资源规划与管理,北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003
[13]姚治君等,区域水资源承载力的研究进展及其理论探析,水科学进展,2002(1)
[14]I. E. Mikhailov. Trajectory and Length of Sedimentation Path of Suspended Solids in Desilt Basins with Different Bottom Slopes[J]. Power Technology and Engineering,2002,36(1):48-52
[15]吴季松,水资源及其管理的研究与应用,北京：中国水利水电出版社,2000
[16]翁文斌,王忠静,赵建世编著,现代水资源规划——理论、方法和技术,北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[17]王琳,杨鲁豫,王宝贞,城市水资源短缺与雨水收集利用,给水排水,2001,27(2)
[18]唐华俊主编,农业资源利用与区域可持续发展研究,北京：中国农业科技出版社,2000
[19]石玉林,卢良恕主编,中国农业需水与节水高效农业建设,北京：中国水利水电出版社,2001
[20]钱易,刘昌明,邵益生主编,中国城市水资源可持续利用开发利用,北京：中国水利水电出版社,2002
[21]闵庆文,成升魁,全球化背景下的中国水资源安全与对策,资源科学,2002,24(4)
[22]姜文来,王华东,我国水资源价值研究的现状及展望,地理学与国土研究,1996,12(1)
[23]T.C.Paul, S.K.Sayal, V.S.Sakhuja,and G.S.Dbiuon. Vortex-settling basin design consid-erations [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,117(2):172-189
[24]Anwar H O Turbulent flow in a vortex[J] Journal of Hydraulic Research,1969,7
[25]Cecen, K.Hydraulic criteria of settling basins for water treatment, hydropower and irrigation. Proc.l7th Congress of the Int. Assoc. of Hydr.Res.,BadenBaden,West Germany,1977:275-294
[26]Cecen,K. and Akmandor,N..Circular settling basins with horizontal floor. MAG Report No 183,TETAK, Ankara,Turkey,1973
[27]Chrysostomou,V..Vertex-type settling basin. Thesis presented to the University of Southampton, at Southampton, England,in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science
[28]Paul,T.E.,Sakhuja,V.S., and Dhillon,G.S..Analytical models for freesurface air-core vortex. Indian J. of Power and River Valley Development,37(8/9):161-170
[29]姜文来,王华东,我国水资源价值研究的现状及展望,地理学与国土研究,1996,12(1)：
[30]陈美丹,姚琪.WASP水质模型及其研究进展[J].水利科技与经济,2006，12(7)：420-422
[31]田玮,王平.地表水质模型应用研究现状与趋势[J].现代农业科技,2008,(3)：194-195
[32]李圭白.水质工程学.2005-07-01.中国建筑工业出版社
[33]李振东.城市供水排水水质监测管理,中国建筑工业出版社,2007.1
[34]刘文君.水质与水处理公共供水技术手册.中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[35]刘文君.饮用水水质对身体健康影响,中国环境科学出版社,2003.6
[36]任君,王刚.城市饮水水质评价与分析,中国环境科学出版社,2008.9
[37]刘学功.城市水环境改善与水源保护技术2012.3
[38]郝俊国.城市水环境治理理论与技术2012.4
[39]张建军.黄河水环境承载能力研究及应用,2008.12
[40]薛惠锋.水资源与水环境系统工程,国防工业出版社
[41]辛志伟.区域水环境综合解析与管理策略,中国环境科学出版社,2009.8
[42]李程.我国分质供水选择方法的思考,山西建筑,2008.8