东川因民铜矿区矿坑水水化学特征及资源化利用
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摘要
我国是一个水资源缺乏的国家,人均水资源占有量为世界平均水平的四分之一,且在空间与时间上分布极不均衡,水资源的短缺已成为制约我国经济发展的重要因素之一。而我国有70%的矿区面临缺水,其中40%严重缺水,不少矿区生活用水也十分紧张,为保证矿区的可持续发展各矿区纷纷寻求矿坑水资源化利用。因民矿区矿坑涌水量大、稳定,随着矿床开采不断向外围及深部发展,矿坑水形成直接或间接的危害越来越大,其排放也会带来一系列环境问题,加剧矿区脆弱生态环境的恶化,为此矿坑水资源化利用成为矿区首要和急需研究的问题。
本次研究范围为东川因民铜矿区一个独立的开拓系统,从上至下包括5个中段。本文通过调查、测试分析全面评价矿区矿坑水资源的质与量,进行资源化利用研究。
1.分析矿坑水常规水化学特征,并从重金属污染情况、对铁与钢结构的侵蚀性、对混凝土的侵蚀性及对锅炉的腐蚀破坏四个重要方面评价其可利用性。研究认为：矿区矿坑水水化学特征的变化受控于采矿活动的影响和矿区地球化学背景；作为矿区饮用水源的泉水饮用是安全的；由于采矿活动影响造成矿坑水中SO42-离子浓度增高,对铁、钢结构具有微弱的腐蚀性,同时SO42-与Cu2+形成重金属硫酸盐,构成微电池,加速侵蚀；矿坑水对混凝土无侵蚀性；矿坑水作为锅炉用水为不起泡、沉淀物很少、具有半腐蚀性的水,锅垢以硬垢为主。
2.以堰测法对已开拓坑道实际涌水量进行观测,同时以水文地质比拟法预测未开拓中段水资源量。调查研究得出：矿坑水资源丰富,但消耗型利用率仅为25.76%,主要集中在选厂供水,选厂供水利用率为60%；引用伯努利方程对矿坑理论水能蕴藏量、可利用水能蕴藏量、已利用水能资源量进行计算,得出矿坑水能资源可开发利用率为27.42%,已开发利用率仅为13.70%；同时对矿坑水能资源可开发潜力进行分析,在新区设计中段开拓后及2230m、2110m中段开拓至地质设计位置后,可增加水能蕴藏量11514.943kW,而经济可开发水能资源量2639.743kW；现有状况下可开发水能资源量2421.863 kW。
3.在对矿坑水可利用性评价的同时对选厂排放水可利用性也进行了评价,为矿坑水二次资源化利用提供参考。
Water resource is shortage in our country, per capita hold of water resource is a quarter of global average level, and it is pockety in space-time. The shortage of water resource is one of the important factors that have restricted China's economic development. The 70 percent mine is short of water resource, and 40 percent mine is severe water scarcity in China, domestic water is shortage in most of mining area too, so more and more mines are seeking to utilize mine water to keep mine in sustainable development. The mining hole is rich in water resource with characteristics in big volume and flow stability in Yinmin copper mining area. With mining to deep, direct or indirect harm from adit water is more and more serious. Discharge of mine water brings a series of environmental problems, and aggravates vulnerability ecological environment, therefore resource utilization of mine water becomes a primary and urgent problem that is to be study.
Research Scope is an independent developing system, including five adits from up to down. Based on survey, sampling and testing analysis we evaluated totally the quality and quantity of groundwater resource to study resource recycling.
1. The author analyzed the routine hydrochemistry elements of mine water and its distributing characteristics, formation. Evaluated mine water quality for industrial water based on erosiveness to steel, iron, concrete, boiler, and heavy metal pollution. The research suggests that Hydrochemical evolution of mine water is controlled by mining activities and geochemical background; spring water is safe to drink; mine water has thin erosiveness to iron and steel because of high concentration of SO42- and Cu2+; no erosiveness to concrete; mine water is non-foaming, lesser precipitate, semi-erosiveness and most of boiler scale is hard scale.
2. Practical discharge of adits was measured by means of weir plate, in the meantime the author estimated discharge of design adits by hydrogeologic analogy method. The survey concludes that adits are rich in water resources, but consumable use ratio of mine water is only 25.76 percent; use ratio of water delivery for dressing plant is 60 percent. Theory water reserves, availability water reserves and utilized water reserves were estimated by means of Bernoulli equation, it conclude that use ratio of exploitable water resource is 27.42 percent, utilized ratio is 13.70%. Analyzing exploitation potential of mine water, increase water reserves is about 11514.943kW and economically feasible water reserves is 2810.056 kW after 2110m adit and 2230m adit were opening, but now economically feasible water reserves is 2421.863 kW.
3. The quality of discharge of dressing plant was valuated with appraisinig mine water, to provide reference for reutilization of discharge
本次研究范围为东川因民铜矿区一个独立的开拓系统,从上至下包括5个中段。本文通过调查、测试分析全面评价矿区矿坑水资源的质与量,进行资源化利用研究。
1.分析矿坑水常规水化学特征,并从重金属污染情况、对铁与钢结构的侵蚀性、对混凝土的侵蚀性及对锅炉的腐蚀破坏四个重要方面评价其可利用性。研究认为：矿区矿坑水水化学特征的变化受控于采矿活动的影响和矿区地球化学背景；作为矿区饮用水源的泉水饮用是安全的；由于采矿活动影响造成矿坑水中SO42-离子浓度增高,对铁、钢结构具有微弱的腐蚀性,同时SO42-与Cu2+形成重金属硫酸盐,构成微电池,加速侵蚀；矿坑水对混凝土无侵蚀性；矿坑水作为锅炉用水为不起泡、沉淀物很少、具有半腐蚀性的水,锅垢以硬垢为主。
2.以堰测法对已开拓坑道实际涌水量进行观测,同时以水文地质比拟法预测未开拓中段水资源量。调查研究得出：矿坑水资源丰富,但消耗型利用率仅为25.76%,主要集中在选厂供水,选厂供水利用率为60%；引用伯努利方程对矿坑理论水能蕴藏量、可利用水能蕴藏量、已利用水能资源量进行计算,得出矿坑水能资源可开发利用率为27.42%,已开发利用率仅为13.70%；同时对矿坑水能资源可开发潜力进行分析,在新区设计中段开拓后及2230m、2110m中段开拓至地质设计位置后,可增加水能蕴藏量11514.943kW,而经济可开发水能资源量2639.743kW；现有状况下可开发水能资源量2421.863 kW。
3.在对矿坑水可利用性评价的同时对选厂排放水可利用性也进行了评价,为矿坑水二次资源化利用提供参考。
Water resource is shortage in our country, per capita hold of water resource is a quarter of global average level, and it is pockety in space-time. The shortage of water resource is one of the important factors that have restricted China's economic development. The 70 percent mine is short of water resource, and 40 percent mine is severe water scarcity in China, domestic water is shortage in most of mining area too, so more and more mines are seeking to utilize mine water to keep mine in sustainable development. The mining hole is rich in water resource with characteristics in big volume and flow stability in Yinmin copper mining area. With mining to deep, direct or indirect harm from adit water is more and more serious. Discharge of mine water brings a series of environmental problems, and aggravates vulnerability ecological environment, therefore resource utilization of mine water becomes a primary and urgent problem that is to be study.
Research Scope is an independent developing system, including five adits from up to down. Based on survey, sampling and testing analysis we evaluated totally the quality and quantity of groundwater resource to study resource recycling.
1. The author analyzed the routine hydrochemistry elements of mine water and its distributing characteristics, formation. Evaluated mine water quality for industrial water based on erosiveness to steel, iron, concrete, boiler, and heavy metal pollution. The research suggests that Hydrochemical evolution of mine water is controlled by mining activities and geochemical background; spring water is safe to drink; mine water has thin erosiveness to iron and steel because of high concentration of SO42- and Cu2+; no erosiveness to concrete; mine water is non-foaming, lesser precipitate, semi-erosiveness and most of boiler scale is hard scale.
2. Practical discharge of adits was measured by means of weir plate, in the meantime the author estimated discharge of design adits by hydrogeologic analogy method. The survey concludes that adits are rich in water resources, but consumable use ratio of mine water is only 25.76 percent; use ratio of water delivery for dressing plant is 60 percent. Theory water reserves, availability water reserves and utilized water reserves were estimated by means of Bernoulli equation, it conclude that use ratio of exploitable water resource is 27.42 percent, utilized ratio is 13.70%. Analyzing exploitation potential of mine water, increase water reserves is about 11514.943kW and economically feasible water reserves is 2810.056 kW after 2110m adit and 2230m adit were opening, but now economically feasible water reserves is 2421.863 kW.
3. The quality of discharge of dressing plant was valuated with appraisinig mine water, to provide reference for reutilization of discharge
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