网络汉语学习资源的调查研究
|
摘要
近年来,随着网络教育的蓬勃发展和汉语热在全球的持续升温,网络汉语学习资源的数量成倍激增,其海量、多样、日新月异的特性,使资源建设情况成为对外汉语教学界日益关注的焦点。为了进一步推进网络汉语学习资源建设,为相关的研究者和实践者提供切实可行的参考依据,本文以当前网络汉语学习资源为研究对象,采用计量统计法、描述法、问卷法、个案研究法,从当前资源现状和汉语学习者对于资源的观感两方面进行了探索性的调查研究。
本文首先对核心概念网络汉语学习资源进行了界定:指学习者在汉语学习过程中,所能运用到的基于网络的,能够对学习起到支持和促进作用的信息资源和工具。在此基础上,参考相关理论和研究成果,从基本信息、资源内容、交互和支持手段、个性化特征、界面设计与技术五方面对其现状进行了抽样调查,并借助统计软件SPSS对调查结果进行了细致具体的分析,从而得出当前网络汉语学习资源的特点。同时,本文采用网络数据库技术和动态网页制作技术,对汉语学习者从资源使用情况、对于资源的态度、对于网络汉语学习的态度三方面进行了网上问卷调查。基于上述两方面的研究结果,我们发现当前网络汉语学习资源总体上具有全面性的背后还存在着一些隐性问题,即个体的分布不均与发展失衡,在对这些问题进行详细分析的同时,也探索性地提出了针对性建议。最后,本文以课程类资源“大众中文网”为实例,对当前网络汉语学习资源的特点及存在的问题进行了具体的分析和阐述。
本研究得出的数据和结论,能够在一定程度上反映当前网络汉语学习资源的实际情况和发展趋势,可为今后的相关研究提供有益的观点和依据,引发研究者对相关理论问题更深层次的关注与探讨,为网络汉语学习资源理论与应用上的逐步完善做出贡献。
Recently, along with the rapid development of internet education and the increasing popularization of Chinese learning around the world, the amount of available web resources of learning Chinese has grown significantly, which attracts more and more attention of Chinese educators due to its special properties of big capability, diversity and timely update. In order to promote the development of the establishment of web resources of Chinese learning and supply future researchers with valid data, a research on web resources of learning Chinese based on the investigation of current web resources of learning Chinese and feedback from Chinese learners using statistics method, description method, survey method and case research method is carried out in the present work.
At first, a definition of the core concept of web resources of learning Chinese is determined in this work, which is that helpful information and tools can be used by learners during their online study. And then, based on this definition and related theory and former research result, a research on five aspects of basic information, the content, communication and support, attribute of individuation and the interface design and technology is critically carried out by using the software package- SPSS. Accordingly, characteristics of web resources of learning Chinese are concluded on basis of the present analytic result. In addition, an online survey on the situation of resources using, the attitude toward to these resources and online Chinese study by learners is also well done on the support of SQL and ASP. As a result, some potential problems of web resources of Chinese learning that these web resources are unbalanced distributed and developed are floating out. On basis of analysis of these problems, advisable suggestions are given in this paper. Furthermore, the author illustrate the characteristic and deficiency of there resources with a concrete case-PublicChinese.com.
The collected data and conclusion in the present work, which can reflect the temporary situation of web resources of learning Chinese and its development tendency, would be valuable materials for further researches. Consequently, researchers will focus on the study of theory on web Chinese learning and its application in future.
本文首先对核心概念网络汉语学习资源进行了界定:指学习者在汉语学习过程中,所能运用到的基于网络的,能够对学习起到支持和促进作用的信息资源和工具。在此基础上,参考相关理论和研究成果,从基本信息、资源内容、交互和支持手段、个性化特征、界面设计与技术五方面对其现状进行了抽样调查,并借助统计软件SPSS对调查结果进行了细致具体的分析,从而得出当前网络汉语学习资源的特点。同时,本文采用网络数据库技术和动态网页制作技术,对汉语学习者从资源使用情况、对于资源的态度、对于网络汉语学习的态度三方面进行了网上问卷调查。基于上述两方面的研究结果,我们发现当前网络汉语学习资源总体上具有全面性的背后还存在着一些隐性问题,即个体的分布不均与发展失衡,在对这些问题进行详细分析的同时,也探索性地提出了针对性建议。最后,本文以课程类资源“大众中文网”为实例,对当前网络汉语学习资源的特点及存在的问题进行了具体的分析和阐述。
本研究得出的数据和结论,能够在一定程度上反映当前网络汉语学习资源的实际情况和发展趋势,可为今后的相关研究提供有益的观点和依据,引发研究者对相关理论问题更深层次的关注与探讨,为网络汉语学习资源理论与应用上的逐步完善做出贡献。
Recently, along with the rapid development of internet education and the increasing popularization of Chinese learning around the world, the amount of available web resources of learning Chinese has grown significantly, which attracts more and more attention of Chinese educators due to its special properties of big capability, diversity and timely update. In order to promote the development of the establishment of web resources of Chinese learning and supply future researchers with valid data, a research on web resources of learning Chinese based on the investigation of current web resources of learning Chinese and feedback from Chinese learners using statistics method, description method, survey method and case research method is carried out in the present work.
At first, a definition of the core concept of web resources of learning Chinese is determined in this work, which is that helpful information and tools can be used by learners during their online study. And then, based on this definition and related theory and former research result, a research on five aspects of basic information, the content, communication and support, attribute of individuation and the interface design and technology is critically carried out by using the software package- SPSS. Accordingly, characteristics of web resources of learning Chinese are concluded on basis of the present analytic result. In addition, an online survey on the situation of resources using, the attitude toward to these resources and online Chinese study by learners is also well done on the support of SQL and ASP. As a result, some potential problems of web resources of Chinese learning that these web resources are unbalanced distributed and developed are floating out. On basis of analysis of these problems, advisable suggestions are given in this paper. Furthermore, the author illustrate the characteristic and deficiency of there resources with a concrete case-PublicChinese.com.
The collected data and conclusion in the present work, which can reflect the temporary situation of web resources of learning Chinese and its development tendency, would be valuable materials for further researches. Consequently, researchers will focus on the study of theory on web Chinese learning and its application in future.
引文
[1] 肖 禾.世界"汉语热"方兴未艾[J].决策与信息,2005,(9):75-77.
[2] 张文联.试论我校的远程教育与对外汉语 [EB/01].www.blcu.edu.cn/training/Youxiulunwen/second/article/zhangwenlian.doc.
[3]孙鸿烈.中国资源科学百科全书·资源科学[M]. 北京:中国大百科全书出版社,石油大学出版社,2000.
[4]武法提.网络教育应用[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[5]李 方.课程与教学论[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2005.
[6]黎 军.网络学习概论[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2006.
[7]刘成新,李兴保.信息化教学理论与方法[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[8]张 华.课程与教学论[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2000.
[9]黄甫全.现代课程与教学论学程[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2006.
[10]陈时见,王冲.论网络学习资源的意义、功能与类型[J].电化教育研究,2003,(10):50-54.
[11]程 智.网络教育基础[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.
[12]Chomsky, N.Knowledge of language: Its nature, origin, and use[M]. New York:Praeger,1986.
[13]Brown,H. Douglas.Principles of Language Learning and Teaching[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ: Prentice Hall Regents,1994.
[14]Brumfit,C.and Johnson, K.The Communicative Approach to Language Teaching [M]. New York:Oxford University Press,1979.
[15]Littlewood,W.Communicative Language Teaching [M] . New York : Cambridge University Press,1981.
[16]J.B Pride, J.Holmes. Sociolinguistics [M]. England: Penguin Books,1972.
[17]White, C.J.. Negotiating Communicative Language Learning in a Traditional Setting [J]. ELT Journal,1989,43(3):213-220.
[18]张建伟,陈琦.从认知主义到建构主义[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),1996,(4):75-82.
[19]杨宗凯等.网络教育标准与技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[20]徐娟等.现代远程对外汉语教学资源建设技术规范初探 [EB/01]. http://www.eblcu.net/newchinese/njsyz/lunwen/200101002.html.
[21]罗立祥.对外汉语教学网络课程的评价系统[D]. 北京:北京语言大学,2006.
[22]徐娟等.基于因特网的远程汉语教学现状综述[J].语言文字应用,1999,(1):54-59.
[23]贺文丽.对当前国内华文教育教学网站的调查与分析[J].2004,(206):52-53
[24]谢天蔚.Web Resources for Teaching and Learning Chinese[M].USA:ChinaLang Publishing,2006.
[25]Mioduser D.,Nachmias R.,Oren A.,Lahav O..Web-Based Learning Environments (WBLE):Current Implementation And Evolving Trends[J].Journal of Network and Computer Applications,1999,22(4):223-247.
[26] Wen-shuen wu.Comparison of web-enhanced learning environments in an e-learning age[R].Taipei:International Symposium and Book Fair on English Teaching,2004.
[27]欧 洁.A Survey on Web-based English Teaching and Learning and the Pedagogical Suggestions[D].广西:广西师范大学,2004.
[28]张 普.现代远程语言教学当前遇到的十大难题 [EB/01].http://www.eblcu.net/newchinese/njsyz/lunwen/200101003.html.
[29]Bax,Stephen.. CALL–past, present and future[J]. System,2003,(31):13-28.
[30]胡隆等.教育研究方法导论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2005.
[31]李 俊,倪杭英.个案研究法及其在应用语言学研究中的运用[J].山东外语教学,2006,5(114):89-91.
[32]李 斌.利用互联网开展对外汉语教学研究[D].湖南:湖南师范大学,2003.
[33]褚云云.中学语文教育网站分析研究[D]. 甘肃:西北师范大学,2005.
[34]Jane Hughes, Claire Mcavinia, Terry King.What really makes students like a web site? Whate are the implications for designing web-based language learning sites?[J].ReCALL,2004,(16):85-102.
[35] 张和生,洪芸.简论基于互联网的对外汉语教学[J].北京师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2001,(6):107-111.
[36]王 辉,吴刚.我国英语学习网站现状调查分析[J].中国电化教育,2004,4:46-49.
[37]张伟远.研究范例:对网上教学的研究[J].中国远程教育,2004,2:22-27.
[38]Flex, Uschi.Beyond Babel: Language Learning Online[M].Melbourne:Language Australia Ltd.,2001.
[39]余智娟. 汉语拼音线上学习网站评介
[40]杨婷婷.广播电视大学网上课程学习环境的调查分析[J].中央广播电视大学学报,2004,(2):1-5.
[41]梁荣辉等.教育心理多元统计学与 SPSS 软件[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2005.
[42]张普等.数字化对外汉语教学理论与方法研究[C].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[43]张普,谢天蔚等.数字化汉语教学的研究与应用[C]. 北京:语文出版社,2006.
[44]郑通涛.建立对外汉语网络教学平台[J].海外华文教育,2004,(4):45-48.
[45]甘永成.虚拟学习社区中的知识建构和集体智慧发展--知识管理与 e-Learning 结合的视角[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2005.
[46]蒋国珍,张伟远.问卷法在现代远程教育研究中的应用[J].远程教育杂志,2004,2:56-59.
[47]张伟远.开放大学的网上教学亚洲地区七国九地的调查报告[J].中国远程教育,2003,(9):35-42,63.
[48]Warschauer, M.. Virtual connections: Online activities and projects for networking language learners [M]. USA:University of Hawaii Press,1995.
[49]石传良,果戈里娜,张文福.俄罗斯学生汉语学习现状的调查分析[J].世界汉语教学,2006,2:138-142.
[50]丁兴富,李敬东.远程在线教学的三个案例分析[J].中国远程教育,2005,1:72-75.
[51]梁林海,焦建得.我国网络课程现状的调查分析与反思[J]. 开放教育研究,2002,(6):13-16.
[2] 张文联.试论我校的远程教育与对外汉语 [EB/01].www.blcu.edu.cn/training/Youxiulunwen/second/article/zhangwenlian.doc.
[3]孙鸿烈.中国资源科学百科全书·资源科学[M]. 北京:中国大百科全书出版社,石油大学出版社,2000.
[4]武法提.网络教育应用[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[5]李 方.课程与教学论[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2005.
[6]黎 军.网络学习概论[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2006.
[7]刘成新,李兴保.信息化教学理论与方法[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[8]张 华.课程与教学论[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2000.
[9]黄甫全.现代课程与教学论学程[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2006.
[10]陈时见,王冲.论网络学习资源的意义、功能与类型[J].电化教育研究,2003,(10):50-54.
[11]程 智.网络教育基础[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.
[12]Chomsky, N.Knowledge of language: Its nature, origin, and use[M]. New York:Praeger,1986.
[13]Brown,H. Douglas.Principles of Language Learning and Teaching[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ: Prentice Hall Regents,1994.
[14]Brumfit,C.and Johnson, K.The Communicative Approach to Language Teaching [M]. New York:Oxford University Press,1979.
[15]Littlewood,W.Communicative Language Teaching [M] . New York : Cambridge University Press,1981.
[16]J.B Pride, J.Holmes. Sociolinguistics [M]. England: Penguin Books,1972.
[17]White, C.J.. Negotiating Communicative Language Learning in a Traditional Setting [J]. ELT Journal,1989,43(3):213-220.
[18]张建伟,陈琦.从认知主义到建构主义[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),1996,(4):75-82.
[19]杨宗凯等.网络教育标准与技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[20]徐娟等.现代远程对外汉语教学资源建设技术规范初探 [EB/01]. http://www.eblcu.net/newchinese/njsyz/lunwen/200101002.html.
[21]罗立祥.对外汉语教学网络课程的评价系统[D]. 北京:北京语言大学,2006.
[22]徐娟等.基于因特网的远程汉语教学现状综述[J].语言文字应用,1999,(1):54-59.
[23]贺文丽.对当前国内华文教育教学网站的调查与分析[J].2004,(206):52-53
[24]谢天蔚.Web Resources for Teaching and Learning Chinese[M].USA:ChinaLang Publishing,2006.
[25]Mioduser D.,Nachmias R.,Oren A.,Lahav O..Web-Based Learning Environments (WBLE):Current Implementation And Evolving Trends[J].Journal of Network and Computer Applications,1999,22(4):223-247.
[26] Wen-shuen wu.Comparison of web-enhanced learning environments in an e-learning age[R].Taipei:International Symposium and Book Fair on English Teaching,2004.
[27]欧 洁.A Survey on Web-based English Teaching and Learning and the Pedagogical Suggestions[D].广西:广西师范大学,2004.
[28]张 普.现代远程语言教学当前遇到的十大难题 [EB/01].http://www.eblcu.net/newchinese/njsyz/lunwen/200101003.html.
[29]Bax,Stephen.. CALL–past, present and future[J]. System,2003,(31):13-28.
[30]胡隆等.教育研究方法导论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2005.
[31]李 俊,倪杭英.个案研究法及其在应用语言学研究中的运用[J].山东外语教学,2006,5(114):89-91.
[32]李 斌.利用互联网开展对外汉语教学研究[D].湖南:湖南师范大学,2003.
[33]褚云云.中学语文教育网站分析研究[D]. 甘肃:西北师范大学,2005.
[34]Jane Hughes, Claire Mcavinia, Terry King.What really makes students like a web site? Whate are the implications for designing web-based language learning sites?[J].ReCALL,2004,(16):85-102.
[35] 张和生,洪芸.简论基于互联网的对外汉语教学[J].北京师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2001,(6):107-111.
[36]王 辉,吴刚.我国英语学习网站现状调查分析[J].中国电化教育,2004,4:46-49.
[37]张伟远.研究范例:对网上教学的研究[J].中国远程教育,2004,2:22-27.
[38]Flex, Uschi.Beyond Babel: Language Learning Online[M].Melbourne:Language Australia Ltd.,2001.
[39]余智娟. 汉语拼音线上学习网站评介
[40]杨婷婷.广播电视大学网上课程学习环境的调查分析[J].中央广播电视大学学报,2004,(2):1-5.
[41]梁荣辉等.教育心理多元统计学与 SPSS 软件[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2005.
[42]张普等.数字化对外汉语教学理论与方法研究[C].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[43]张普,谢天蔚等.数字化汉语教学的研究与应用[C]. 北京:语文出版社,2006.
[44]郑通涛.建立对外汉语网络教学平台[J].海外华文教育,2004,(4):45-48.
[45]甘永成.虚拟学习社区中的知识建构和集体智慧发展--知识管理与 e-Learning 结合的视角[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2005.
[46]蒋国珍,张伟远.问卷法在现代远程教育研究中的应用[J].远程教育杂志,2004,2:56-59.
[47]张伟远.开放大学的网上教学亚洲地区七国九地的调查报告[J].中国远程教育,2003,(9):35-42,63.
[48]Warschauer, M.. Virtual connections: Online activities and projects for networking language learners [M]. USA:University of Hawaii Press,1995.
[49]石传良,果戈里娜,张文福.俄罗斯学生汉语学习现状的调查分析[J].世界汉语教学,2006,2:138-142.
[50]丁兴富,李敬东.远程在线教学的三个案例分析[J].中国远程教育,2005,1:72-75.
[51]梁林海,焦建得.我国网络课程现状的调查分析与反思[J]. 开放教育研究,2002,(6):13-16.