测定土壤热性质的热信号方法
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摘要
土壤热参数是分析研究土壤热传递的基本参数,寻求确定热参数简单方法是研究的热点问题。本论文在总结国内外土壤热传递基本理论和热传递参数确定方法研究成果的基础上,采用理论分析与室内试验相结合的方法,对恒定边界温度下解析解和边界层理论,以及热脉冲技术确定土壤热性质方法进行了研究,得到主要结果如下:
1、在分析恒定边界温度条件下土壤热传递特征基础上,利用热传导方程解析解法推求不同质地和容重下土壤热扩散率随含水量变化过程。根据土壤容重和含水量计算了热容量,并通过热容量与热扩散率计算了土壤导热率,分析了热性质与土壤含水量、土壤质地的关系。得出土壤热扩散率随含水量的增大表现为先增大后减小的抛物线变化过程,在含水量相同的情况下,热扩散率随着砂粒含量的增加而增加,砂粒含量越高,热扩散率峰值越大,峰值所对应的含水量越小。热容量随着含水量和容重的增大而增大。导热率随着含水量和砂粒含量的增加而增加。
2、根据热传递边界层理论,建立了利用边界层方法推求土壤热扩散率理论公式,并利用所建立的边界层理论公式确定了土壤热扩散率,分析了热扩散率与土壤物理特性的关系。同时对边界层法与解析解法确定的热扩散率进行了比较,结果显示不同边界层理论公式所确定的土壤热扩散率与解析解法确定的热扩散率存在不同程度的差异,提出了适合于四种质地土壤的最优边界层理论公式。
3、依据热脉冲传递理论,根据热脉冲传递条件下土壤温度变化特征,计算了土壤热扩散率,并分析了热扩散率与土壤质地、含水量的关系。通过热脉冲法与解析解法所确定的热扩散率对比,结果显示利用热脉冲方法计算的热扩散率比解析解法计算的热扩散率值略微偏大。但是利用两种方法计算所得到的土壤温度剖面相差不大,相对误差均小于5%。由此可以说明,利用热脉冲方法确定土壤热扩散率是可行的。
4、将Campbell经验公式计算的导热率与利用热传导方程解析解法计算的导热率进行比较,结果显示Campbell经验公式计算的导热率偏大。通过对Campbell经验公式进行修正,使结果大为改善。
Soil thermal properties are essential parameters in analyzing thermal transfer, and many researches have been focused on finding the simple and accurate estimation method of the thermal transfer parameters. soil thermal properties were studied by experimental method with constant boundary temperature, boundary layer theory and heat pulse, using the combined method of theoretical analysis and laboratory test, based on summarizing the research results of basic theory of soil thermal transfer and determinition method of soil thermal transfer parameter, The results were as follows:
1. Soil thermal diffusivity of 4 texture soils for different water content and bulk density were caculated by analytical solution method of heat conduction equation, soil thermal capacity were caculated with soil bulk density and water content, and soil thermal conductivity were caculated based on caculated the soil thermal diffusivity and caculated the soil thermal capacity, based on analyzing thermal transfer characteristics in the condition of the test of constant boundary temperature. At the same time, the variation of soil thermal properties with water content and soil texture was analyzed. The result indicate that with the increasing water content, thermal diffusivity increased first, and then decreased. With the increasing sand content, thermal diffusivity increased. The higher content of sand the more thermal diffusivity peak value, and the corresponding water content was less. With the increasing water content and bulk density, thermal capacity increased. With the increasing water content and sand content, thermal conductivity increased.
2. thermal diffusivity theory formular of boundary theory was developed according to thermal transfer boundary theory and thermal diffusivity was determined through the theory formula. the relationship between thermal diffusivity and soil physical properties was analyzed, At the same time, thermal diffusivity determined by analytical solution method and boundary theory was compared, the result indicate that thermal diffusivity determined by analytical solution method and boundary theory have differences in various degree. optimal boundary method suitable for 4 texture soils was obtained.
3. Soil thermal diffusivity was determinded using heat pulse theory according to variation characteristics of soil temperature in the condition of heat pulse, and then the variation of soil thermal properties with water content and soil texture was analyzed. Through comparing thermal diffusivity determined by heat pulse and analytical solution, the result indicate that soil thermal diffusivity determined by heat pulse were appreciably larger than the one determined by analytical solution method. But comparing the temperature profile based on thermal diffusivity, the results indicated that a little difference between two methods exists, and the relative error was less than 5%. So it was shown that the determination method of thermaldiffusivity with heat pulse was feasible.
4. Comparing the thermal conductivity determined by Campbell empirical formula and analytical solution method, the results indicated that the former was too great. Through modifying the Campbell empirical formula, the result was improved.
1、在分析恒定边界温度条件下土壤热传递特征基础上,利用热传导方程解析解法推求不同质地和容重下土壤热扩散率随含水量变化过程。根据土壤容重和含水量计算了热容量,并通过热容量与热扩散率计算了土壤导热率,分析了热性质与土壤含水量、土壤质地的关系。得出土壤热扩散率随含水量的增大表现为先增大后减小的抛物线变化过程,在含水量相同的情况下,热扩散率随着砂粒含量的增加而增加,砂粒含量越高,热扩散率峰值越大,峰值所对应的含水量越小。热容量随着含水量和容重的增大而增大。导热率随着含水量和砂粒含量的增加而增加。
2、根据热传递边界层理论,建立了利用边界层方法推求土壤热扩散率理论公式,并利用所建立的边界层理论公式确定了土壤热扩散率,分析了热扩散率与土壤物理特性的关系。同时对边界层法与解析解法确定的热扩散率进行了比较,结果显示不同边界层理论公式所确定的土壤热扩散率与解析解法确定的热扩散率存在不同程度的差异,提出了适合于四种质地土壤的最优边界层理论公式。
3、依据热脉冲传递理论,根据热脉冲传递条件下土壤温度变化特征,计算了土壤热扩散率,并分析了热扩散率与土壤质地、含水量的关系。通过热脉冲法与解析解法所确定的热扩散率对比,结果显示利用热脉冲方法计算的热扩散率比解析解法计算的热扩散率值略微偏大。但是利用两种方法计算所得到的土壤温度剖面相差不大,相对误差均小于5%。由此可以说明,利用热脉冲方法确定土壤热扩散率是可行的。
4、将Campbell经验公式计算的导热率与利用热传导方程解析解法计算的导热率进行比较,结果显示Campbell经验公式计算的导热率偏大。通过对Campbell经验公式进行修正,使结果大为改善。
Soil thermal properties are essential parameters in analyzing thermal transfer, and many researches have been focused on finding the simple and accurate estimation method of the thermal transfer parameters. soil thermal properties were studied by experimental method with constant boundary temperature, boundary layer theory and heat pulse, using the combined method of theoretical analysis and laboratory test, based on summarizing the research results of basic theory of soil thermal transfer and determinition method of soil thermal transfer parameter, The results were as follows:
1. Soil thermal diffusivity of 4 texture soils for different water content and bulk density were caculated by analytical solution method of heat conduction equation, soil thermal capacity were caculated with soil bulk density and water content, and soil thermal conductivity were caculated based on caculated the soil thermal diffusivity and caculated the soil thermal capacity, based on analyzing thermal transfer characteristics in the condition of the test of constant boundary temperature. At the same time, the variation of soil thermal properties with water content and soil texture was analyzed. The result indicate that with the increasing water content, thermal diffusivity increased first, and then decreased. With the increasing sand content, thermal diffusivity increased. The higher content of sand the more thermal diffusivity peak value, and the corresponding water content was less. With the increasing water content and bulk density, thermal capacity increased. With the increasing water content and sand content, thermal conductivity increased.
2. thermal diffusivity theory formular of boundary theory was developed according to thermal transfer boundary theory and thermal diffusivity was determined through the theory formula. the relationship between thermal diffusivity and soil physical properties was analyzed, At the same time, thermal diffusivity determined by analytical solution method and boundary theory was compared, the result indicate that thermal diffusivity determined by analytical solution method and boundary theory have differences in various degree. optimal boundary method suitable for 4 texture soils was obtained.
3. Soil thermal diffusivity was determinded using heat pulse theory according to variation characteristics of soil temperature in the condition of heat pulse, and then the variation of soil thermal properties with water content and soil texture was analyzed. Through comparing thermal diffusivity determined by heat pulse and analytical solution, the result indicate that soil thermal diffusivity determined by heat pulse were appreciably larger than the one determined by analytical solution method. But comparing the temperature profile based on thermal diffusivity, the results indicated that a little difference between two methods exists, and the relative error was less than 5%. So it was shown that the determination method of thermaldiffusivity with heat pulse was feasible.
4. Comparing the thermal conductivity determined by Campbell empirical formula and analytical solution method, the results indicated that the former was too great. Through modifying the Campbell empirical formula, the result was improved.
引文
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