镉对褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens St（？）l）生殖的影响
摘要
本论文依据稻田生态系统镉污染的状况,设0、6.25、12.5、25和50mg·kg-1土壤5个镉浓度处理,采用土培法研究了镉对褐飞虱繁殖力、生殖系统、生殖细胞、成虫和卵的卵黄蛋白(Vt)及总蛋白的影响。主要结论如下:
1.镉对褐飞虱繁殖力的影响镉胁迫对褐飞虱亲代和子代的繁殖力均具有显著的影响,主要表现在受镉胁迫后褐飞虱产卵量下降,卵孵化率降低。褐飞虱亲代与子代卵受镉胁迫后发育历期均显著延长,主要表现为卵孵化高峰期延后,卵孵化高峰期日孵化卵量减少,卵孵化时间延长。
2、镉对褐飞虱生殖器官的影响受镉胁迫后,与对照相比各处理褐飞虱亲代和子代雌雄成虫的腹长和腹宽,雌性生殖系统的卵巢小管宽度、侧输卵管长度和宽度,雄性褐飞虱输精管长度均有不同程度的变小,表明镉对褐飞虱雌雄生殖系统的生长发育具有抑制一定的作用。褐飞虱生殖系统生长发育不正常产生畸形或受到抑制,可能是镉导致褐飞虱繁殖力降低的原因之一。
3、镉对褐飞虱生殖细胞的影响
褐飞虱亲代受镉胁迫后,与对照相比卵体积明显变小。连续两代受镉胁迫后,同褐飞虱亲代相比子代褐飞虱的卵体积间差异趋于减小,与对照相比,各处理间均无显著差异。
4.镉对褐飞虱雌成虫和卵中卵黄蛋白及总蛋白量的影响与对照相比,受镉胁迫后产卵盛期的褐飞虱雌成虫体内总蛋白含量无明显著差异。随镉浓度的升高,产卵盛期褐飞虱雌性成虫体内卵黄蛋白含量随镉浓度的升高而逐渐降低,表明镉胁迫对产卵盛期褐飞虱雌性成虫体内卵黄蛋白的合成具有抑制作用。褐飞虱卵内总蛋白含量和卵黄蛋白含量均随镉浓度的升高而逐渐降低,表明镉胁迫对卵黄蛋白和其它蛋白向卵中的转移以及褐飞虱卵的正常发生具有一定的抑制作用。
In this study, five treatments of cadmium concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg·kg-1 soil) were established according to cadmium pollution levels in paddy fields, and the effects of cadmium on the fecundity, reproductive system, reproductive cells of the parental (P) and filial (F) generations, vitellin and total protein contents of female adults and eggs of brown planthoppers (BPHs) were examined. The results were as follows:
1. Effects of cadmium on fecundity of BPH: the fertilities of both the P and F generations of BPH were significantly affected by cadmium stress. With increasing cadmium concentrations, the oviposition amount and hatchability declined gradually. The duration of eggs of both the P and F generations increased significantly in proportion to the cadmium concentration; the peak period of egg hatching was delayed; the daily hatchability of eggs was reduced, and the time of egg hatching was significantly prolonged.
2. Effects of cadmium on the reproductive system of BPH: compared with the control samples, the length and the width of the abdomen of adults of the P and F generation of BPH, the width of the ovarian tumor in the female reproductive system, the length and the width of the lateral oviduct and the length of the vas deferens of the male adults were all significantly reduced.
3. Effects of cadmium on reproductive cells of BPH: the volume of eggs of the P generation significantly decreased under cadmium stress. However, the variation in the volume of eggs in the F generation was diminished compared with the P generation after being stressed for two generations, and there was no significant difference compared with the control
4. Effects of cadmium on the vitellin and the content of total protein in the female adults of BPH and its eggs: the content of total protein of the female adults in the spawning stage increased on a small scale without a significant difference after being affected by cadmium compared with the control samples. The content of vitellin in the female adults in the spawning stage was diminished in proportion to the cadmium concentration, indicating that cadmium has an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of vitellin. The content of total protein and vitellin in the eggs of BPH also tended to decline at elevated cadmium concentrations, indicating that cadmium has an inhibitory effect on the transfer of vitellin and other proteins and the normal development of BPH eggs.
1.镉对褐飞虱繁殖力的影响镉胁迫对褐飞虱亲代和子代的繁殖力均具有显著的影响,主要表现在受镉胁迫后褐飞虱产卵量下降,卵孵化率降低。褐飞虱亲代与子代卵受镉胁迫后发育历期均显著延长,主要表现为卵孵化高峰期延后,卵孵化高峰期日孵化卵量减少,卵孵化时间延长。
2、镉对褐飞虱生殖器官的影响受镉胁迫后,与对照相比各处理褐飞虱亲代和子代雌雄成虫的腹长和腹宽,雌性生殖系统的卵巢小管宽度、侧输卵管长度和宽度,雄性褐飞虱输精管长度均有不同程度的变小,表明镉对褐飞虱雌雄生殖系统的生长发育具有抑制一定的作用。褐飞虱生殖系统生长发育不正常产生畸形或受到抑制,可能是镉导致褐飞虱繁殖力降低的原因之一。
3、镉对褐飞虱生殖细胞的影响
褐飞虱亲代受镉胁迫后,与对照相比卵体积明显变小。连续两代受镉胁迫后,同褐飞虱亲代相比子代褐飞虱的卵体积间差异趋于减小,与对照相比,各处理间均无显著差异。
4.镉对褐飞虱雌成虫和卵中卵黄蛋白及总蛋白量的影响与对照相比,受镉胁迫后产卵盛期的褐飞虱雌成虫体内总蛋白含量无明显著差异。随镉浓度的升高,产卵盛期褐飞虱雌性成虫体内卵黄蛋白含量随镉浓度的升高而逐渐降低,表明镉胁迫对产卵盛期褐飞虱雌性成虫体内卵黄蛋白的合成具有抑制作用。褐飞虱卵内总蛋白含量和卵黄蛋白含量均随镉浓度的升高而逐渐降低,表明镉胁迫对卵黄蛋白和其它蛋白向卵中的转移以及褐飞虱卵的正常发生具有一定的抑制作用。
In this study, five treatments of cadmium concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg·kg-1 soil) were established according to cadmium pollution levels in paddy fields, and the effects of cadmium on the fecundity, reproductive system, reproductive cells of the parental (P) and filial (F) generations, vitellin and total protein contents of female adults and eggs of brown planthoppers (BPHs) were examined. The results were as follows:
1. Effects of cadmium on fecundity of BPH: the fertilities of both the P and F generations of BPH were significantly affected by cadmium stress. With increasing cadmium concentrations, the oviposition amount and hatchability declined gradually. The duration of eggs of both the P and F generations increased significantly in proportion to the cadmium concentration; the peak period of egg hatching was delayed; the daily hatchability of eggs was reduced, and the time of egg hatching was significantly prolonged.
2. Effects of cadmium on the reproductive system of BPH: compared with the control samples, the length and the width of the abdomen of adults of the P and F generation of BPH, the width of the ovarian tumor in the female reproductive system, the length and the width of the lateral oviduct and the length of the vas deferens of the male adults were all significantly reduced.
3. Effects of cadmium on reproductive cells of BPH: the volume of eggs of the P generation significantly decreased under cadmium stress. However, the variation in the volume of eggs in the F generation was diminished compared with the P generation after being stressed for two generations, and there was no significant difference compared with the control
4. Effects of cadmium on the vitellin and the content of total protein in the female adults of BPH and its eggs: the content of total protein of the female adults in the spawning stage increased on a small scale without a significant difference after being affected by cadmium compared with the control samples. The content of vitellin in the female adults in the spawning stage was diminished in proportion to the cadmium concentration, indicating that cadmium has an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of vitellin. The content of total protein and vitellin in the eggs of BPH also tended to decline at elevated cadmium concentrations, indicating that cadmium has an inhibitory effect on the transfer of vitellin and other proteins and the normal development of BPH eggs.
引文
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