平面凸轮CAD/CAM/CNC一体化磨削系统研究
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摘要
凸轮是自动化机械的关键零件之一,随着自动化机械运行速度和动态性能的提高以及自动化机械的普及,对凸轮的加工精度和效率也提出了更高的要求,并且凸轮形状复杂、加工要求高,是机械制造领域里较难加工的零件。本文以工程实际中常用的平面凸轮为主要研究对象,就凸轮加工的基本理论、制造模式、加工设备、加工过程中力的控制以及凸轮毛坯的自动定位和在线检测等关键技术问题,进行了较为深入的研究。论文的主要内容如下:
分析了生产实际中常用的凸轮加工方法,较系统地总结了凸轮加工中所涉及的机构学问题,包括常用凸轮加工过程中刀具中心的计算、切削点恒进给速度控制算法、凸轮的加速度分析和刀具半径补偿算法。凸轮机构运动学是凸轮加工技术研究的理论基础。其中刀具中心的计算和切削点恒速度控制等内容用于凸轮数控加工程序编制过程中。
提出了凸轮CAD/CAM/CNC一体化制造系统的概念,研究了系统的体系结构,指出了系统的支撑技术,为单件小批量复杂零件的制造提供了一种新的制造模式。为了进一步研究这一制造模式,开发了能够实现平面凸轮CAD/CAM/CNC一体化加工的原型系统。该系统的研发过程中涉及的主要单元技术是:基于PC的开放式数控系统,加工过程的实时仿真,参数化数控编程,基于计算机视觉的凸轮自动定位和在线检测,磨削力适应控制等。该系统为深入研究CAD/CAM/CNC一体化制造模式提供了研究平台,是本文的主要研究内容。
开发了凸轮CAD/CAM/CNC一体化制造制造系统中凸轮毛坯自动定位和在线检测以及磨削力适应控制两个功能模块。指出了凸轮磨削过程中毛坯自动定位、凸轮在线检测以及模削力适应控制的必要性,阐述了凸轮毛坯自动定位、凸轮在线检测以及磨削力适应控制的基本原理、实现方法和相应功能模块的软硬件设计。
阐述了凸轮CAD/CAM/CNC一体化制造制造系统的调试过程、凸轮磨削实验、凸轮毛坯自动定位和在线检测实验,实验结果验证了本文的技术观点。
Cams are one of key parts of automatic machines, and higher procession and proficiency for cams machining are required, as the automatic machines are used widely, they work in higher speed, and their higher dynamic property. In other aspect, cams are difficult machined parts for their complex shape and higher machining requirements. In this paper, the basic theory for cams machining, the manufacturing mode, the machining equipment, the grinding force control, the automatic positioning, and the inspecting in line are researched in detail, taking disk cams as object which are widely used in engineering. Main contents of the dissertation are follows:
Machining methods of cams often used in engineering are analyzed, and mechanics in cams machining is summarized, including calculating for center of cutter, control algorithm for even feeding speed, analyzing for acceleration of cams, and compensation of cutter diameter, which are theoretical bases of cams machining and calculation of cutter center and algorithm of even speed control of them are used in programming of cams machining.
The concept of cams CAD/CAM/CNC integrated machining system is proposed, its system construct is researched, and its supporting techniques are pointed out. This concept proposes a new manufacturing mode for single or small batch complex parts. In order to research the manufacturing mode in detail, a prototype CAD/CAM/CNC integrated system for cams machining is developed. Techniques included in the system are PC based open architecture CNC system, real time simulation of machining process, parametric CNC programming, computer vision based cams automatic positioning and in line inspecting, and grinding force adapt control. This prototype system is researching platform for CAD/CAM/CNC integrated system, and is main content of the paper.
Two main functions of the system are introduced in detail, which are automatic positioning of cams block & in line inspecting of cams profile, and adapt control of grinding force. The necessity of the two functions is proposed first, and then the principle, the algorithm, and design of hardware & software are introduced in detail.
The setting up of cams CAD/CAM/CNC integrated system is introduced, and some experiments, including cams grinding and cam blank automatic positioning and inline inspecting, are conducted in the system. The results of the experiments prove out the technique points of the paper.
分析了生产实际中常用的凸轮加工方法,较系统地总结了凸轮加工中所涉及的机构学问题,包括常用凸轮加工过程中刀具中心的计算、切削点恒进给速度控制算法、凸轮的加速度分析和刀具半径补偿算法。凸轮机构运动学是凸轮加工技术研究的理论基础。其中刀具中心的计算和切削点恒速度控制等内容用于凸轮数控加工程序编制过程中。
提出了凸轮CAD/CAM/CNC一体化制造系统的概念,研究了系统的体系结构,指出了系统的支撑技术,为单件小批量复杂零件的制造提供了一种新的制造模式。为了进一步研究这一制造模式,开发了能够实现平面凸轮CAD/CAM/CNC一体化加工的原型系统。该系统的研发过程中涉及的主要单元技术是:基于PC的开放式数控系统,加工过程的实时仿真,参数化数控编程,基于计算机视觉的凸轮自动定位和在线检测,磨削力适应控制等。该系统为深入研究CAD/CAM/CNC一体化制造模式提供了研究平台,是本文的主要研究内容。
开发了凸轮CAD/CAM/CNC一体化制造制造系统中凸轮毛坯自动定位和在线检测以及磨削力适应控制两个功能模块。指出了凸轮磨削过程中毛坯自动定位、凸轮在线检测以及模削力适应控制的必要性,阐述了凸轮毛坯自动定位、凸轮在线检测以及磨削力适应控制的基本原理、实现方法和相应功能模块的软硬件设计。
阐述了凸轮CAD/CAM/CNC一体化制造制造系统的调试过程、凸轮磨削实验、凸轮毛坯自动定位和在线检测实验,实验结果验证了本文的技术观点。
Cams are one of key parts of automatic machines, and higher procession and proficiency for cams machining are required, as the automatic machines are used widely, they work in higher speed, and their higher dynamic property. In other aspect, cams are difficult machined parts for their complex shape and higher machining requirements. In this paper, the basic theory for cams machining, the manufacturing mode, the machining equipment, the grinding force control, the automatic positioning, and the inspecting in line are researched in detail, taking disk cams as object which are widely used in engineering. Main contents of the dissertation are follows:
Machining methods of cams often used in engineering are analyzed, and mechanics in cams machining is summarized, including calculating for center of cutter, control algorithm for even feeding speed, analyzing for acceleration of cams, and compensation of cutter diameter, which are theoretical bases of cams machining and calculation of cutter center and algorithm of even speed control of them are used in programming of cams machining.
The concept of cams CAD/CAM/CNC integrated machining system is proposed, its system construct is researched, and its supporting techniques are pointed out. This concept proposes a new manufacturing mode for single or small batch complex parts. In order to research the manufacturing mode in detail, a prototype CAD/CAM/CNC integrated system for cams machining is developed. Techniques included in the system are PC based open architecture CNC system, real time simulation of machining process, parametric CNC programming, computer vision based cams automatic positioning and in line inspecting, and grinding force adapt control. This prototype system is researching platform for CAD/CAM/CNC integrated system, and is main content of the paper.
Two main functions of the system are introduced in detail, which are automatic positioning of cams block & in line inspecting of cams profile, and adapt control of grinding force. The necessity of the two functions is proposed first, and then the principle, the algorithm, and design of hardware & software are introduced in detail.
The setting up of cams CAD/CAM/CNC integrated system is introduced, and some experiments, including cams grinding and cam blank automatic positioning and inline inspecting, are conducted in the system. The results of the experiments prove out the technique points of the paper.
引文
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