旅客列车始发方案优化模型及算法研究
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摘要
铁路旅客运输是铁路运输业的重要组成部分之一,具有运量大、速度高、安全性好、费用低、全天候服务等优点,因此,在各种旅客运输方式中,铁路旅客运输占主导地位,承担的旅客周转量最大,为我国经济的发展做出了重要的贡献。
作为铁路旅客运输组织的基础,旅客列车运行图是对旅客列车运行时间、空间关系的图解表示,是旅客列车在区间运行及在车站到发或通过时刻的技术文本。它是受多种因素制约,技术性强的综合计划。在铺画旅客列车运行图前,无论是手工铺画还是计算机自动计算铺画,首先需要确定各旅客列车运行线的始发点,即确定各旅客列车的始发时刻。只要旅客列车在始发站或终到站的出发或到达时刻确定了,整个旅客列车运行图的骨架也就随之确定了。
因此,旅客列车始发方案主要解决旅客列车运行线的整体布局问题,是编制旅客列车运行图的重要前提,也是旅客列车运行图的骨架和核心,直接影响旅客列车运行图可行性及质量的优劣。同时,合理的旅客列列车始发方案不仅能够满足旅客的出行时间和服务质量的要求,提升铁路旅客运输的市场竞争力,也能够充分利用现有客运站设备和客车整备所设备,提高客运站作业组织的质量和效率。随着运输效率的提高,可以节约铁路运营成本,增加铁路运营收入。
旅客列车始发方案作为旅客列车运输组织工作的重要组成部分,其编制受到旅客列车开行方案、客运站设备能力、客车整备所整备能力、客运机车车辆数量、列车安全行车要求、旅客出行时间要求等诸多因素的影响。同时,旅客列车始发方案编制是一个多目标多约束的大型组合优化问题。因此,本文提出了基于降维与协同相结合,将始发方案的编制与客运站技术作业协调考虑,着重从以下三个方面对问题进行了探讨。
首先,定义铁路网客运节点,建立了铁路网络客运节点重要度评价指标体系,基于粗糙集属性约简理论,去除冗余指标,借助主成分分析法和主观权重结合的综合评判方法,实现对客运节点重要度比较客观的的评价,以此达到降低问题求解难度的目的。
其次,针对目前旅客列车始发时间域确定未考虑客运节点到发线接、发车能力的影响,以客运节点到发线接、发车能力为约束,分别建立单客运节点旅客列车始发时间域优化模型和多客运节点旅客列车始发时间域优化模型,并且通过对所建模型的分析,设计基于冲突探测的遗传算法解决单客运节点旅客列车始发时间域问题,基于冲突探测的启发式算法求解多客运节点旅客列车始发时间域问题。
最后,通过对旅客列车始发方案编制问题的目标及约束条件的深入分析,以客运站到发线能力及客车整备所客技线能力等为约束,建立了旅客列车始发方案多目标数学优化模型。并且针对模型的特点,将降维与协同相结合,设计了基于到发线与客技线协调使用的启发式搜索寻优算法。
Railway passenger transportation is an important part of the railway transport. Due to the large transport volume, high speed, low cost, service in all weather conditions, etc., railway transportation play a dominant role in the variety of transportation modes, which undertakes the largest passenger turnover and makes a very important contributions for China's economic development.
As the base of railway transportation organization, passenger train working diagram is the graphic representation for the connection between the running time and running section of the passenger train. It is the technology text describing passenger trains running through section and trains arrive or depart or get across a station. And it is a comprehensive and highly technical plan, which is affected by many factors in the railway transportation organization. It is necessary to determine the originating location of all passenger trains, which is passenger train's departure time, before calculating drawn the diagram regardless of by the manual or by computer. As long as the departure time at the originating station or arrival time at the final station is determined, the skeleton of the entire passenger train working diagram is determined.
Therefore, the originating scheme of passenger trains is mainly to solve the overall layout problem of the passenger trains running line, which is an important prerequisite of the preparation of passenger train working diagram. And as the skeleton and the core issue of the passenger train working diagram, the originating scheme directly affects the feasibility and quality of passenger train working diagram. At the same time, a reasonable originating scheme of passenger trains can not only meet the passenger's requirements of travel time and service quality and enhance the market competitiveness of railway transportation enterprise, but also take full use of existing passenger station facilities and the equipment of passenger car servicing depot, improve the quality and efficiency of operation organization in passenger stations. Meanwhile, with the improvement of transportation efficiency, the railway operating income can be increased and the operating cost be reduced.
As an important part of the passenger train operating organization, the originating scheme establishment of passenger trains is affected by many factors,such as the passenger train plan, passenger station equipment capacity, servicing capacity of passenger car servicing depot, passenger locomotive and rolling number, train safe driving requirements, passenger travel time, etc.. Meanwhile, the originating scheme establishment of passenger trains is a multi-objective, multi-constrained and large-scale combinatorial optimization problem. Therefore, the idea of combination "dimensionality reduction" and "collaboration" is proposed that is considerations both the originating scheme establishment of passenger trains and the technical operation in passenger station and following three aspects of the issues discussed in-depth.
First, the railway passenger transportation nodes is defined, then, the important evaluation index system of the railway passenger transportation nodes is established, the redundant indexes is removed by rough set attribute reduction theory, more, by the comprehensive evaluation method based on the combination of principal component analysis and subjective weight, importance degree of passenger transportation nodes is determined, so, the aim of "dimensionality reduction" is achieved.
Second, capability of receiving and dispatching trains of railway passenger transportation nodes is not considered in the existing research on the departure time of passenger trains, so, based on the constraints of the receiving and sending capacity of railway passenger transportation nodes, the originating scheme of passenger trains optimization models for a single node and optimization model for multi-node are established respectively. By analyzing the models, the genetic algorithm combined with conflict detection strategy is proposed to solve the problem of the passenger trains'originating scheme for a single node, furthermore, the heuristic algorithm combined with conflict detection strategy is designed to solve the problem of the passenger trains'originating scheme for multi-node.
Finally, based on the in-depth analysis of the objectives and constraints of the establishment problem of passenger trains' originating scheme, the multi-objective mathematical optimization model is established, considering constraints of receiving and dispatching passenger trains capability and servicing capacity of passenger car servicing depot. Furthermore, the model's characteristics is analyzed, by the idea of combination "dimensionality reduction" and "collaboration", a heuristic algorithm based on importance degree of the passenger transportation nodes is established for resolve the problem of coordinated use of arrival-departure track and car servicing tracks.
作为铁路旅客运输组织的基础,旅客列车运行图是对旅客列车运行时间、空间关系的图解表示,是旅客列车在区间运行及在车站到发或通过时刻的技术文本。它是受多种因素制约,技术性强的综合计划。在铺画旅客列车运行图前,无论是手工铺画还是计算机自动计算铺画,首先需要确定各旅客列车运行线的始发点,即确定各旅客列车的始发时刻。只要旅客列车在始发站或终到站的出发或到达时刻确定了,整个旅客列车运行图的骨架也就随之确定了。
因此,旅客列车始发方案主要解决旅客列车运行线的整体布局问题,是编制旅客列车运行图的重要前提,也是旅客列车运行图的骨架和核心,直接影响旅客列车运行图可行性及质量的优劣。同时,合理的旅客列列车始发方案不仅能够满足旅客的出行时间和服务质量的要求,提升铁路旅客运输的市场竞争力,也能够充分利用现有客运站设备和客车整备所设备,提高客运站作业组织的质量和效率。随着运输效率的提高,可以节约铁路运营成本,增加铁路运营收入。
旅客列车始发方案作为旅客列车运输组织工作的重要组成部分,其编制受到旅客列车开行方案、客运站设备能力、客车整备所整备能力、客运机车车辆数量、列车安全行车要求、旅客出行时间要求等诸多因素的影响。同时,旅客列车始发方案编制是一个多目标多约束的大型组合优化问题。因此,本文提出了基于降维与协同相结合,将始发方案的编制与客运站技术作业协调考虑,着重从以下三个方面对问题进行了探讨。
首先,定义铁路网客运节点,建立了铁路网络客运节点重要度评价指标体系,基于粗糙集属性约简理论,去除冗余指标,借助主成分分析法和主观权重结合的综合评判方法,实现对客运节点重要度比较客观的的评价,以此达到降低问题求解难度的目的。
其次,针对目前旅客列车始发时间域确定未考虑客运节点到发线接、发车能力的影响,以客运节点到发线接、发车能力为约束,分别建立单客运节点旅客列车始发时间域优化模型和多客运节点旅客列车始发时间域优化模型,并且通过对所建模型的分析,设计基于冲突探测的遗传算法解决单客运节点旅客列车始发时间域问题,基于冲突探测的启发式算法求解多客运节点旅客列车始发时间域问题。
最后,通过对旅客列车始发方案编制问题的目标及约束条件的深入分析,以客运站到发线能力及客车整备所客技线能力等为约束,建立了旅客列车始发方案多目标数学优化模型。并且针对模型的特点,将降维与协同相结合,设计了基于到发线与客技线协调使用的启发式搜索寻优算法。
Railway passenger transportation is an important part of the railway transport. Due to the large transport volume, high speed, low cost, service in all weather conditions, etc., railway transportation play a dominant role in the variety of transportation modes, which undertakes the largest passenger turnover and makes a very important contributions for China's economic development.
As the base of railway transportation organization, passenger train working diagram is the graphic representation for the connection between the running time and running section of the passenger train. It is the technology text describing passenger trains running through section and trains arrive or depart or get across a station. And it is a comprehensive and highly technical plan, which is affected by many factors in the railway transportation organization. It is necessary to determine the originating location of all passenger trains, which is passenger train's departure time, before calculating drawn the diagram regardless of by the manual or by computer. As long as the departure time at the originating station or arrival time at the final station is determined, the skeleton of the entire passenger train working diagram is determined.
Therefore, the originating scheme of passenger trains is mainly to solve the overall layout problem of the passenger trains running line, which is an important prerequisite of the preparation of passenger train working diagram. And as the skeleton and the core issue of the passenger train working diagram, the originating scheme directly affects the feasibility and quality of passenger train working diagram. At the same time, a reasonable originating scheme of passenger trains can not only meet the passenger's requirements of travel time and service quality and enhance the market competitiveness of railway transportation enterprise, but also take full use of existing passenger station facilities and the equipment of passenger car servicing depot, improve the quality and efficiency of operation organization in passenger stations. Meanwhile, with the improvement of transportation efficiency, the railway operating income can be increased and the operating cost be reduced.
As an important part of the passenger train operating organization, the originating scheme establishment of passenger trains is affected by many factors,such as the passenger train plan, passenger station equipment capacity, servicing capacity of passenger car servicing depot, passenger locomotive and rolling number, train safe driving requirements, passenger travel time, etc.. Meanwhile, the originating scheme establishment of passenger trains is a multi-objective, multi-constrained and large-scale combinatorial optimization problem. Therefore, the idea of combination "dimensionality reduction" and "collaboration" is proposed that is considerations both the originating scheme establishment of passenger trains and the technical operation in passenger station and following three aspects of the issues discussed in-depth.
First, the railway passenger transportation nodes is defined, then, the important evaluation index system of the railway passenger transportation nodes is established, the redundant indexes is removed by rough set attribute reduction theory, more, by the comprehensive evaluation method based on the combination of principal component analysis and subjective weight, importance degree of passenger transportation nodes is determined, so, the aim of "dimensionality reduction" is achieved.
Second, capability of receiving and dispatching trains of railway passenger transportation nodes is not considered in the existing research on the departure time of passenger trains, so, based on the constraints of the receiving and sending capacity of railway passenger transportation nodes, the originating scheme of passenger trains optimization models for a single node and optimization model for multi-node are established respectively. By analyzing the models, the genetic algorithm combined with conflict detection strategy is proposed to solve the problem of the passenger trains'originating scheme for a single node, furthermore, the heuristic algorithm combined with conflict detection strategy is designed to solve the problem of the passenger trains'originating scheme for multi-node.
Finally, based on the in-depth analysis of the objectives and constraints of the establishment problem of passenger trains' originating scheme, the multi-objective mathematical optimization model is established, considering constraints of receiving and dispatching passenger trains capability and servicing capacity of passenger car servicing depot. Furthermore, the model's characteristics is analyzed, by the idea of combination "dimensionality reduction" and "collaboration", a heuristic algorithm based on importance degree of the passenger transportation nodes is established for resolve the problem of coordinated use of arrival-departure track and car servicing tracks.
引文
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